3/ umarok rdpämpm&

umrrIwdkYü azmufvGJazmufjyefjzpfum rSm;rSm; ,Gif;,Gif; ,kwf,kwfrmrm usifhoHk;aexdkifjcif;? vdkufpm;usL;vGefjcif;onf ]]umarok rdpämpm&}} rnf\/
trsdK;om;wdkY\ rdrdZeD;jzifh aysmfyg;jcif;? trsdK;orD; wdkY\ rdrdcifyGef;jzifh aysmfyg;jcif;wdkYrSm avmutvdkuf ruJh&JUxdkufí ,kwf,kwfrmrm usifhonf[k rqdkEdkifyg/ trsdK;orD;onf rdrdcifyGef;rS wpfyg; tjcm;aom trsdK;om;rsm;üvnf;aumif;? trsdK;om;onf rdrdZeD;rS wpfyg; tjcm;aom trsdK;orD;rsm;üvnf;aumif; aysmfyg;usL;vGefMurSom rSm;rSm;,Gif;,Gif; ,kwf,kwf rmrm usifhonf[k qdk&ygrnf/

av;0t*Fg uHajrmuf&m

þumarokrdpämpm&uHudk usL;vGefrIü uHajrmuf &efrSm t*Fgav;yg;&Sdonf/ ,if;wkdYrSm---
(u) roGm;vm? rusL;vGefxdkufaom trsdK; orD;^trsdK;om;vnf; jzpfjcif;?
(c) rSD0JusL;vGefvdkaom pdwfvnf; &Sdjcif;?
(*) rSD0JusL;vGefrIudkvnf; jyKjcif;?
(C) tcsif;csif; pyf,SufusL;vGefrIrsm; jzpfí ,if;trIü om,mjcif;/
þtaMumif;t*Fgav;yg;ESifh jynfhpHku umarok rdpämpm&uH ajrmufawmhonf/

tjypfBuD;i,f

þumarokrdpämpm&uHudk usL;vGef&mü usL;vGef oGm;vmcH&olu oDv&SdvQif tjypfBuD;\/ oDvr&Sdoludk oGm;vmusL;vGefrdu tjypfao;i,fonf/ eE´vkvif onf OyÜv0Pfax&D(&[EÅm)rtm; usL;vGefrd aomaMumifh csufcsif; ajrrsdKcH&um t0Dpdi&Jü cHpm;& onf/ xdkYaMumifh usL;vGefjcif;cH&ol\ oDv&Sd-r&Sdudk vdkufí tjypftBuD;tao; uGJjym;awmhonf/ þ umarok rdpämpm&uHudk usL;vGef&mü trsdK;om; rsm;ESifhom qdkifí trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifh rqdkif[k ,lq wwfMuonf/ xdkt,ltqrSm vHk;0 rSm;,Gif;vsuf&Sdonf/ trsdK;om;onf rdrd\ ZeD;rS wpfyg; tjcm;trsdK;orD; rsm;udk jypfrSm;usL;vGefu umarokrdpämpm&uH ajrmufouJhodkY trsdK;orD;onfvnf; rdrdcifyGef;rS wpfyg; tjcm;aom trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh azmufjym; usL;vGefygu umarokrdpämpm&uH xdkufawmhonf/
rusL;vGefxdkufaom trsdK;orD; (20)
þae&mwGif pm½Iolrsm; A[kokwwdk;yGm;ap&ef &nf&G,fí roGm;vm rusL;vGeftyfaom trsdK;orD; (rdef;r) (20)wdkYudk azmfjyygrnf/ ,if;wdkYrSm-
(1) rmwk&u©dw = rdcifapmifha&Smiftyfaom rdef;r (tzaoí jzpfap? uGJuGmaeí jzpfap trdcsnf; apmifha&Smuf aomol)/
(2) ydwk&u©dw = tzapmifha&Smuftyfaom rdef;r/
(3) rmwmydwk- -rdbESpfyg;vHk; apmifha&Smuf&u©dw tyfaom rdef;r/
(4) b*ded&u©dw - rdbESpfyg;vHk;r&Sdí tpfr? nDrwdkY xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf tyfaom rdef;r/
(5) bmwk&u©dw = armifBuD;armifi,f(tpfudk BuD; tpfudki,f) apmifha&Smuf tyfaom rdef;r (rdbpolrsm; r&Sdawmhí apmifha&Smufxm;& jcif;)/
(6) Ówd&u©dw = taqGtrsKd;wkYd apmifha&Smuf tyfaom rdef;r (rdb nDtpfudk armifESr polrsm;r&Sd? &Sdaomf vnf; apmifha&Smuf&ef rpGrf; EdkifMuí apmifha&Smufxm;& jcif;)/
(7) a*gwå&u©dw = tEG,fwl vlwkdYu apmifha&Smuf tyfaom rdef;r (&Srf;trsdK;orD; av;wpfa,muf rEÅav; a&mufaomtcg rEÅav;&Sd &Srf;rsm;u apmifha&Smufxm;jcif; ponfudk qdkvdk\)/
(8) "r®&u©dw = twlwuG w&m;usifhazmf usifhzufwdkY apmifha&Smufaom rdef;r/
þ&Spfa,mufwkYdonf umrydkif a,musfm;r&Sdaom trsdK;orD; (rdef;r)rsm;wnf;/ ¤if;wkdYonf rdrdwkdY ydkifonfh umrudk rdrdwdkYoabmtwkdif; ay;Edkifonf/ umarok rdpämpm&uH rajrmuf[k qdk\/ odkYaomf t&SufuGJ tusdK;enf; jzpf&jcif;[laom tjypf BuD;um; umarok rdpämpm&uH xuf &SufaMumufzG,faumif; vSonf? aemifwpfzef ylyef aomu a&muf&jcif;aMumifh tyg,fi&JodkY vnf; usa&mufEdkif\/ qdkvdkonfrSm umarok rdpämpm&uH rajrmufaomfvnf; tyg,f 'k*¾wdodkYum; usa&muf&awmhonf/
(9) oy&d'@ = rif;jypfrif;'Pf ruif;aom rdef;r (tpdk;&rif;rsm; ,l&ef owfrSwfxm;aom rdef;r)/
(10) om&u© = tapmifhta&Smuf&Sdaom rdef;r (a&S;tcgu 0rf;xJ&Sd oaE¨oludk zGm;vmvQif vufxyf,l&ef ay;yg[k awmif;xm;\/ ,ck umv aphpyfaMumif;vrf; xm;jcif;onfvnf; þü yg0if\)/
(11) "euúDw = Opömjzifh 0,ftyfaom rdef;r/
(12) qE´0godeD = olYr,m;jzpfvdkí olYtdrfodkY vdkufoGm;aom r,m; (,ck umv cdk;&mvdkufajy;onf ESifhwl\)/
(13) abm*0godeD = pnf;pdrf&vdkrIjzifh oGm;a&muf aexdkifaom rdef;r/
(14) y#0godeD = t0wfxrDpaom t0wf wefqmtwGuf aexdkifaom rdef;r/
(15) Mo'ywåudeD = a&cGufü vufqHkcsí xdrf;jrm; xm;aom r,m; (þü a&cGuf xJrS a&onf ruGJrjym; wpfom;wnf; wnf&SdouJhodkY oifwdkYZeD;armifESHvnf; ruGJ rjym; wpfom;wnf; &Sdap [k qdkum vlBuD;rsm;u vufxyf ay;xm;jcif;udk qdkvdkonf)/
(16) MobwpkrÁ# = cstyfaom acgif;ck&Sdaom r,m; (xif;? [if;&Guf ponf udk &Gufívnfa&mif;ae &oludk rdrd ,lygrnf[k uwd jyKí acgif;ckcsumrQjzifh r,m; t&majrmufjcif;/)
(17) "aZm[# = wpfzufESifhwpfzuf ppfwdkufí atmifyGJ&aomtcg odrf;ydkuf &mwGif ygvmonfh oHkYyef; trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; r,m; tjzpfxm;&Sdaom r,m;/
(18) ur®um&D = tapcH r,m; (ckdif;apxm;onfhb&d, tapcHudk ,lxm; jcif;rsdK;)/
(19) 'goDb&d, = uRefr,m; ( uRefjyKzdkY ac:xm; oludk r,m;jyKjcif;)/
(20) rk[kwådu = twnftjrJr[kwfbJ &uf tenf;i,frQ wpfcPrQ r,m;jyKtyfaom r,m;/
txufyg trsdK;orD; (rdef;r) ESpfq,fwdkYtm; usL;vGefaom trsdK;om;onf umarok rdpämpm&uH xdkuf\/ eHygwf(9) oy&d'@ponfrS (20) txd trsdK;orD; (12) a,mufonf rdrdcifyGef; (a,musfm;) rS wpfyg; tjcm;aom a,musfm;ESifh azmufjyefvQif umarok rdpämpm&uH xdkuf\/
umarok rdpämpm&uH wnf;[laom raumif; rI 'kp½dkufwkdYukd jypfrSm;usL;vGefjcif;aMumifh tyg,fi&Jü qif;&JBuD;pGm cHpm;ae&aom om"uudk þae&mwGif azmfjyvdk\/

wdkif;cef;vSnfh<u bk&ifaumov

jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif aZw0efausmif;awmfü oDwif;oHk; aeawmfrlpOftcg jzpf\/ om0w¬dNrdKUBuD;onf yGJvrf;obif qif,ifusif;yum pnfum; om,mvsuf &Sd\/ aumovbk&ifBuD;onf rdrd\ NrdKUjywdkif;jynf rnfrQ pnfum;om,maeonfudk odjrif½Ipm;vdkojzifh om0w¬dNrdKUawmftwGif;odkY yk@&du[laom qifjzLawmfudk pD;um vSnhfvnf Munfh½Iawmfrl\/
om0w¬dNrdKUom;wdkYonf &Sifbk&ifBuD; wdkif;cef; vSnhfvnf <ucsDawmfrlvmonfudk jrifaomtcg olYxufig OD;atmif zl;ajrmfMuonf/ yGJawmfBuD;jzpfo jzifh pnfum;onfhtavsmuf bk&ifBuD; NrdKUxJvSnfh vnfaomtcg bk&ifBuD;udk zl;ajrmf&eftwGuf BudwfBudwfwdk;rQ pnfum;aeawmh\/ tcsdKUonf &Sifbk&ifBuD;tm; yef;quf\/ tcsdKUa&quf\/ tcsdKUvuftkyfcsDum zl;ajrmfMu\/ tcsdKU vrf;ay:wGif vlolav;yg; pnfum;vGef;aomaMumihf rdrdwdkY\ tdrfrsm; wdkufrsm;ay:rSyif &Sifbk&iftm; zl;ajrmf Mu&\/
wpfckaom vrf;xJodkY 0ifrdaomtcg vrf;ab; wdkufay:&Sd jyLwif;wHcg;0rS vSrf;í Munfhaeaom trsdK;orD;wpfa,mufudk jrif&aomtcg aumov rif;onf &ifwGif;vIdufzdkí tvdkvdk arm[dkufvmonf/ a&SUqufí vSnfhvnf½Ipm;vdkpdwfvnf; r&Sdawmhay/ odkYESifh aumovbk&ifonf eef;awmfodkY jyef<uvm cJhonf/ xdktaMumif;udk oufawmfapmifh trwfBuD;rS wpfyg; tjcm;rnfolrQ rodvdkufacs/
eef;awmfa&mufonfESifh bk&ifaumovonf trwfBuD;tm; apvTwfí xdktrsdK;orD;wGif umrydkif trsdK;om;(vifa,musfm;) &Sd-r&dS pHkprf;aponf/ trwfBuD; oGm;a&mufpHkprf;&m xdktrsdK;orD;wGif umrydkif trsdK;om; (vifa,musfm;) &Sdaeonf/ xdktaMumif;udk aumovbk&iftm; jyefí oHawmf OD;wif&m aumovbk&if\ pdwfonf rGrf;Muyftdkuf avSmifvmawmhonf/ aemufqHk;wGif aumovbk&if onf wpfckwnf;aom qHk;jzwfcsufudkom ydkifEdkifpGm csvdkufawmhonf/ ¤if;qHk;jzwfcsufrSm xdktrsdK;orD; tm; r&ç&atmif ,lrnf-[laom qHk;jzwfcsufyif/
&m*wPSmjy|mef;aom pGJvrf;rI (twå)onf rdrdudkvnf; yifyef;qif;&JBuD;pGm ESdyfpuf\/ olwpfyg; udkvnf; vGefpGm ESdyfpufap\/ ,ckvnf; Munfh/ aumovbk&ifonf umrydkiftrsdK;om; (vifa,musfm;) &SdrSef; odygvsufESifh r&çt&,lrnfh twårSm BuD;rm; jyif;xefvGef;vSonf/

olYr,m;vdkcsif olYvifvSHeJYxdk;

odkYESifh aumovbk&ifonf xdktrsdK;om;tm; eef;awmfodkY qifhac:vdkufonf/ xdktrsdK;om;onf rdrdtm; bk&ifBuD;qifhac:onfh &nf&G,fcsufudk odonf/ roGm;vdkay/ odkYaomf roGm;jyefu tmPm zDqefrIjzifh rif;jypffrif;'Pf oifhawmhrnf/ xdkYaMumifh eef;awmfodkY oGm;cJh&onf/ a&mufvQif aumov bk&ifu ]]þeef;awmfü trIxrf;avmh}}[k qdkonf/ xdktcg trsdK;om;u ]]rdrdtvkyfudkom vkyfí &Sifbk&ifBuD;tm; tcGefawmf qufyg&ap}}[k avQmufwifonf/ odkYaomf r&/ vufeufESifh umçukdk ay;um ]]þeef;awmfrSmyif trIxrf;ap}}[k wpfcsufvTwf trdefYcsrSwfvdkufonf/
xdktrsdK;om;onf aumovbk&if ay;tyfonfh wm0efudk ausyGefatmif BudK;pm; xrf;aqmifonf/ rnfonfht&mudkrQ rvpf[if;&atmif *½kjyK aqmif&Gufonf/ odkYjzpfí xdktrsdK;om;wGif tjypfwpfpHk wpf&mr&SdbJ jzpfaeawmhonf/ aumovbk&ifonf xdktrsdK;om;tm; þenf;jzifh owfjzwf&ef zefwD; cJhaomfvnf; tjypfr&Sdonfh tqHk;wGif aemufwpfenf;jzifh MuHpnfum taumiftxnf azmf&jyefonf/ okdYjzpfí xdktrsdK;om;udk ac:,lum- ]]tarmifa,musfm; þNrdKUrS wpf,lZema0;aom t&yfü jrpfwpfpif; &Sd\/ xdkjrpf\ wpfae&mrS ukrkj'mMumESifh t½kPf ta&miftqif;&Sdaom ajrnufukd aqmifcJhavmh/ ,aeYn iga&csdK;csdeftrD ra&mufvQif oifhukd owftHh}}[k trdefYay;vkduf onf/
þtrdefYESifh þcdkif;apcsufum; xdktrsdK;om; twGuf toufao½HkrSwpfyg; tjcm;bmrQ r&SdawmhNyD/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf---
1/ wpf,lZema0;uGmaom c&D;udk oGm;í nae a&csdK;rD jyef&rnfh wm0efum; tvGefw&m 0efav;vS onf/
2/ xdkYxuf 0efav;onfum; ukrkj'mMumESifh ajrnufudpöyif/ ukrkj'mMumwkdYrnfonf a&rpD;onfh a&uef? tdkif? usif;rsm;üom ayguf½dk;xHk;pH&Sdonf/ ,ckaomfum; jrpfxJrS Mumudk ,l&rnf[k qdkonf/ ajrnufonfvnf; xdkjrpftwGif;ü r&Edkifay/ xdkYaMumifh toufao½Hkom &Sdawmhonf/

pdwfaumif;&Sdu ewfrsm;r

okdYaomf trsdK;om;onf vkHYvESifh 0D&d,udk ravQmh/ rdrdZeD;tm; xrif; [if; csufapí xrif; [if;wdkYudk xkyfum eHeufapmapmwGif aumov bk&if apcdkif;&m jrpfodkY tvsiftjref oGm;onf/ a&mufonfESifh xrif;OD;udk z,fxm;um xrif;pm;rnf tjyKwGif c&D;oGm;a,musfm;udk jrifojzifh rdrd\ pm;OD; pm;zsm;udk vSLonf/ xdkYaemuf rdrd pm;onf/ NyD;vQif tuseft<uif;wdkYudk a&xJodkY ypfcsí ig;? vdyf ponfudk auR;arG;um---
]]þjrpfü tkyfpdk;aeMuaom e*g;? *VKefESifh ewftaygif;wkdYtm; tuREkfyf wdkifwnfyg\/ aumovrif;BuD;onf uREkfyfudk owfjzwfvdk ojzifh þjrpfrS ukrkj'mESifh t½kPfta&miftqif; &Sdaom ajrnufudk ,lcJh&ef apvTwfvkdufygonf/ uREkfyfonf c&D;onfwpfa,muftm; xrif;OD;udk vSLcJhygonf/ xdktvSLukd toifwdkYtm; trQ ay;a0yg\/ uREkfyftm; ukrkj'mMumESifh t½kPf ta&miftqif; ½dIajrnufukd e*g;jynfrS ,laqmifí ay;Muygukefavmh}}[k a<u;aMumf atmfjrnf\/ xkdjrpfü tkyfpdk;aom e*g;rif;onf xdka,musfm;\ vYkHv? 0D&d,? ½dS;om;ajzmifhrwfrI ponfwkYdukd MunfndKum vlUtoGifjzifh zefqif;vsuf a&mufvmNyD; ukrkj'mMumESifh t½kPfa&mif ajrnufudk ay;\/ trsdK;om;onf ukrkj'mMumESifh ajrnufudk ,lum om0w¬djynfodkY tvsiftjref jyefajy;vm\/

tusifhwef tMuH&Sd

aumovbk&ifBuD;onf xdktrsKd;om;\ 0D&d, &SdyHk? pdwfxm;jrifhjrwfyHkwkdYukd od\/ xdktaMumif;wdkYudk rSDí rdrdcdkif;apcsufwdkY &&Sdum tcsdefrDjyefvmygu rowfvdkuf&rnfpdk;ojzifh NrdKUwHcg;udk cgwdkif;xuf ydkapmí tydwfcdkif;\/ aumovbk&ifonf wpfzuf om;tay: tusifhwefonfhtavsmuf tMuHtpnf wdkYudkvnf; BudKwif MuHpnfxm;awmhonf/ aocsm onfxuf aocsmap&eftwGuf aumovbk&ifonf NrdKUwHcg; aomhudk rdrdudk,fwdkif ,lum odrf;qnf;xm; vdkufawmh onf/
trsdK;om;onf ukrkj'mMumESifh ajrnufwkYdukd ,lum tvsiftjref ajy;vm&onfrSm tarmyif qdkYvkvk jzpfaeonf/ odkYaomf vYkHvum; ravQmh/ ajy;í jyefvm&if; aocsifaoapawmh [laom ZGJjzifh jyefvm cJhum om0w¬dNrdKUodkY tcsdefrDyif a&muf&Sdvmonf/xdktrsdK;om;onf om0w¬dNrdKU wHcg;0odkY a&mufvmaom tcgusrS NrdKUwHcg;BuD;ydwfxm;onfukd Munfhum tarmBuD; armvsuf arharsmvkrwwf jzpfoGm;awmh onf/ ]]oGm;NyD ig\ toufESifh cE¨mudk,fum; þ,aeYudk aemufqHk;xm;í uGJuGm&awmhrnf/ raorD bk&m;ausmif;odkY oGm;í w&m;em awmhrnf}}[k awG;awmum MumESifh ajrnufwdkYudk om0w¬dNrdKUwHcg; cHkay:odkY wifcJhí aZw0efausmif;awmf qDodkY OD;wnfvsuf acgif;idkufpdkufusum oGm;av awmhonf/

tdyfraysmfolESpfa,muf

xdktrsdK;om;onf bk&m;&Sif\ ausmif;awmfodkY a&mufonfESifh w&m;awmfudk em;pGefem;zsm; emMum;um ausmif;awmfBuD;\ wpfae&mwGif cdkuyfrSDatmif; aeonf/ xdktrsdK;om;onf eHeufvif;vQif rdrd\ toufESifhcE¨m tkd;pm;uGJ&rnfhta&;udk awG;awmum rtdyfEdkifbJ &SdaecJhonf/ tdyfraysmfonfESifhtrQ nOfhwmBuD;uvnf; &Snfvsm;vGef;vSonf[k xifrd onf/
¤if;trsdK;om;vnf; tdyfr&cJhovdk aumov bk&ifvnf; xdknu tdyfír& jzpfcJh&onf/ aumov bk&ifBuD; tdyfr&jcif;rSm eHeufvif;onfESifh ajrnufESifh ukrkj'm t,lcdkif;vdkufonfh rif;aptm; owfí ¤if;\ r,m;ukd ,l&awmhrnf/ xdktcg acsmarmvSyí cspfpzG,f aumif;aom ZeD;r,m;topfjzifh rnfodkY aysmfrnf? rnfodkY &Tifrnf? rnfodkY om,mzG,f&Sdrnf ponfjzifh awG;awmMuHpnfum tdyfr&EdkifbJ &SdaecJhonf/
aumovbk&ifonf rdrdeef;awmf&Sd ovGefanmifapmif; xufü arS;pufvJavsmif;ae&aomfvnf; ¤if;\ pdwfonf rif;apa,musfm;\ r,m;qDokdYom a&mufaeawmhonf/ owå0gwdkY\ p½dkufESifh pGJvrf;rI (&m*wPSm)um; ESdyfpufEdkifvGef;vSonf/ olaX;orD; r,fy#monf rdrdtdrf&Sd ol&if;iSm;aemufodkY aumufaumufygatmif vdkufyg xGufajy;oGm;onfrSmvnf; þpGJvrf;rI (&m*wPSm)\ zrf;qD;appm;rIudk cHpm;&jcif;yif jzpfonf/ od0dbk&ifonf Or®m'EÅDtm; jrifí t½l;trl; cHpm;&onfrSmvnf; þpGJvrf;rI (&m*wPSm)\ vufcsufyif jzpfonf/
xdkpGJvrf;rI (&m*wPSm)rsdK;um; ykxkkZOfwdkif;\ oEÅmefwGif &Sdwwfonf/ ÓPfowdjzifh zdESdyf qHk;rEdkifolwdkYrSm xdk&m*wPSm rx<urlí owdvufvGwf cRwf,Gif;azmufjyef qifjcifÓPf uif;rJholrsm; oEÅmefwGifum; þpGJvrf;rI (&m*wPSm)onf tzefzef ESdyfpufwwfonf/ xdkYaMumifh vlwdkif; vlwkdif;onf qifjcifowd ÓPfrsufpdjzifh rdrdudk,fukd rdrd apmifhMunfh qkH;rMu&efom jzpfonf/

xdwfvefYzG,f&m toHav;jzm

aumovbk&ifonf pGJvrf;rI (&m*wPSm)udk owdÓPfjzifh qifjcifqHk;r&ef arhaecJhonf/ aumov rif;\ ÓPfowdwdkYum; pGJvrf;rI (&m*wPSm) wdrfovmu zHk;tkyfxm;jcif;udk cHaeMu&onf/ vGwfvyfpGm x<uaomif;usef;ae&aom pGJvrf;rI (&m*wPSm)onf awmeufBuD;twGif;&Sd qif½dkif; uJhodkY xifwdkif;pdkif;um umr*kPftm½Hk awmeufBuD; twGif;okdY qif;oufí aysmfjcif;ru aysmfaeawmh onf/
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yka&m[dwfrsm; a[majymcsuf

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om0w¬dNrdKU i&JyGufoH

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bk&m;a[mjy umarok rdpämpm&

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ok&mar&, pOf;pm;zG,f

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'kp½dkufq,fwGif tusKH;0if ,lcsifok&mar&,

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