2/ t'dEém'ge

Opöm&SifwdkYonf pma&;om;í jzpfap? udk,fvuf vSrf;í jzpfap? ]]a&mh ,lawmh}}[k EIwfjzifh jzpfap ray;tyfaom olwpfyg;wdkY\ Opömudk cdk;í "m;jywdkufí vdrfvnfí nm0g;ajymqdkí ,lrIpaom udk,fjzifhf vIHUaqmfrI (um,ya,m*) EIwfjzifh vHIUaqmfrI (0pDya,m*)udk jzpfapwwfaom apwemonf ]]t'dEém'ge}}rnf\/
t'dEém'ge (olwpfyg;\ Opömudk cdk;,lrI)uHum; El;nhHodrfarGUvGef;vSonf/ tpdk;&ydkifjzpfap? yk*¾vduydkif jzpfap? ydkif&Sifrodatmif enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh &,lrI wdkYonf cdk;,lonfrnf\/ t'dEém'geuHudk usL;vGef&m wGifvnf; taMumif;t*Fg ig;yg;&Sdonf/ ,if;wdkYrSm-
(u) olwpfyg;\ ypönf;Opömvnf; jzpfjcif;?
(c) olwpfyg;\ ypönf;Opöm[kvnf; odjcif;?
(*) cdk;,lvdkaom pdwfvnf; &Sdjcif;?
(C) udk,fjzifh jzpfap? EIwfjzifh jzpfap wpfckckjzifh vHkYvjyKum cdk;,ljcif;?
(p) ,if;odkY cdk;,ljcif;aMumifh ypönf;Opömvnf; &vmjcif;/
þtaMumif;t*Fg ig;yg;ESifh jynfhpHkvQif cdk;jcif; t&majrmufí t'dEém'geuH xdkufawmhonf/ ya,m*[k ac:aom tm;xkwfrIykdif;qdkif&m ajcmufyg;um; ygPmwd ygwuHü jycJhonfh om[w¬du? tmPwådu ponfrsm;yif jzpfonf/
t'dEém'ge[laom raumif;rI 'kp½dkufuHudk jypfrSm; usL;vGefjcif;aMumifh qdk;usdK;qdk;jypfrsm;udk cHpm;&aom jzpf&yfrsm;rSm bk&m;a[ma'oemwGif rsm;jym;pGm &SdMuygonf/ t'dEém'geuHudk usL;vGefjcif;aMumifh t&SufwuGJ tusdK;enf;jzpf&onfhom"uwpfckudk þae&mwGif azmfjyvdkygonf/

pOf;vJaumufuspf &aohnpf

a&S;tcgu Am&mPoDjynfwGif jA[®'wfrif; pdk;pHtkyfcsKyfvsuf &Sdonf/ xdktcgu &Gmi,fwpf&Gmudk trSDjyKí &aohwpfOD;onf trsm;olig txif BuD;atmif tHhzG,fo&J trlt&mrsm;udk jyKvkyfaexkdifavh &Sdonf/
xdk&aohonf vltrsm; txifBuD;tjrifBuD; jzpfap&eftwGuf w&m;t"d|mef r0ifbJESifh w&m; t"d|mef0ifonf[kqdkum vltrsm;ESifh ckepf&uf q,f&ufponf pum;rajymbJ aejcif;? tpma&pm rpm;[kqdkum &uftydkif;tjcm;jzifh aMumfjimí ocFrf; ausmif;wGif;ü aewwfjcif;paom vltrsm; txif BuD;p&m tvkyfwdkYudk vkyfavh&Sdonf/ xdktcgrsdK;wGif vltrsm;onf 0ifxGufrpJ woJoJ jzpfaeMuawmhonf/
vlwkYdonf tcsdKUae&mwGif qifjcifwHkw&m; &SdMu aomfvnf; tcsdKUtcsdKUaom ae&mrsm;wGifum; qifjcifwHk w&m; enf;yg;vSonf/ txl;ojzifh ukd;uG,fMunfndKrI ydkif;qdkif&mwGif qifjcifwHkw&m; enf;yg;wwfMuonf/ &Sdcdk;jcif;? udk;uG,fjcif;[lonf vlom;wdkif;wGif wpfenf;enf;ESifh &SdwwfMuonf/ bmomwkdif;wGif &Sdcdk;jcif;udk rjyKMuaomfvnf; udk;uG,frIudkawmh jyKwwfMuonf/

&Sdcdk;udk;uG,f odrSwfzG,f

þae&mwGif &Sdcdk;udk;uG,frIESifh pyfí odrSwf zG,fwkdYudk tenf;i,f azmfjyygrnf/ xdkwGif &Sdcdk;[l aom pum;ESpfvHk;udk OD;pGm &Sif;vif;wifjyygrnf/ ¤if;pum;ESpfvHk;onf ]&Sd}[laom pum;ESifh ]cdk;}[laom pum;ESpfvHk;aygif;rS t"dyÜg,f wpfrsdK;wnf; xGufjcif; r[kwfyg/ ]&Sd}onf t"dyÜg,fwpfrsdK;? ]cdk;}onf t"dyÜg,f wpfrsdK; xGufvmaom pum;ESpfvHk; jzpfygonf/
]]&dS}}[laom pum;onf oDv&Sdjcif;? orm"d &Sdjcif;? ynm&Sdjcif;? aumif;rIukodkvf&Sdjcif; paom aumif;aom tusifhp½dkuf vu©Pmrsm; &Sdolrsm;twGuf ]]&Sd}}[laom pum;vHk;u wm0ef,l aqmif&Gufvsuf &Sdonf/ þonfrSm avmukwå&mESifh pyfaom w&m;wkdY &Sdoifh &Sdxdkufonfrsm; &Sdjcif;udk qdkvdkonf/ avmuDt&mwGifvnf; tajym tqdk tvkyftudkif ajzmifhrwfwnfMunfjcif;? 0D&d, &Sdjcif; ponfrsm;aMumihf pD;yGm;Opöm csrf;om <u,f0 onfh*kPf? t&yfav;rsufESmrS cspfcif av;pm; tm;xm;MunfndKonfh*kkPf ponfrsm;&Sdjcif;uddk ]&Sd}[k ac:onf/
]]ckd;}}[laom pum;onf txufü azmfjycJh aom avmukwå&m*kPf avmuD*kPfponfh *kPfrsm;onf xdkxdkyk*¾dKvfrsm;xHü &SdouJhodkY ighxHüvnf; xdk*kPfrsm; &Sdatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrnf[k cH,lum twk,ljcif;? twkcdk;jcif;udk ]]cdk;}}[kqdkonf/ xdkpum;t"dyÜg,f ESpf&yf aygif;pyfvdkufygrS ]]&Sdcdk;}}[laompum; jzpfay: vmonf/
]]udk;uG,f}}[laom pum;ESpfvHk;onfvnf; pum;wpfvHk;pDwGif t"dyÜg,fwpfrsdK;pD &SdaeMuonf/ xdkpum;ESpfvHk;xJwGif ]]udk;}}[laom pum;rSm avmukwå&mt&mwGifvnf; edAÁmefr*fzdkvfokdY aygufa&mufatmif usifhMuHyGm;rsm;&rnfh w&m;awmfESifh a[majymjyo&rnfh bk&m; oHCmwdkYudk qdkvdkonf/ xkdbk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemoHk;yg;wkdYonfom edAÁmefr*fzdkvfodkY a&mufatmif ñTefjyEdkifaom tm;ukd; zG,fjzpfonf/ avmuDt&mwGifum; pD;yGm;a&;jzpfap? vlrIa&;jzpfap? ynma&;jzpfap? aygufajrmufatmif tm;udk;Edkifavmufonhf yk*¾dKvfudk qdkvdkonf/ xdkyk*¾dKvf rsdK;udk tm;udk;&rnfjzpfaomaMumifh ]]udk;}}[k qdkonf/
]]uG,f}}[laompum;\ t"dyÜg,frSm &wem oHk;yg;udk tm;udk;í Ak'¨w&m;awmf\ tqHk;trtwdkif; vdkufemygu tyg,f'k*¾wd paom raumif;usdK; w&m; rsm; uG,faysmufEdkifonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh &wem oHk;yg;udk tm;udk;jcif;aMumifh tyg,f'k*¾wdab;rsm; uG,faysmufEdkifonf/ avmuDt&müvnf; txufü jyqdkcJhaom avmuDbufü tm;udk;orI jyKxdkufaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;udk tm;udk;rS qif;&Jjcif;? A[kokwenf;jcif;? tMum;tjrif r&Sdjcif;paom avmuDqdk;usdK;wdkYrS uG,faysmufEdkifrnfjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh tm;udk;xdkuf aom yk*¾dKvfudk tm;udk;rS uG,fyoifhaom tEÅ&m,f wdkY uG,frnf[k odapvkdí ]]uG,f}}[k qdkxm;onf/
&Sdcdk; udk;uG,fjcif;\ t"dyÜg,frSm þokdYjzpfonf/ odkYqdkvQif txufyg *kPft*FgwdkYESifh jynfhpHkolwdkYudkom &Sdcdk;jcif;? udk;uG,fjcif;wdkYukd jyKvsuf tjcm;aom yk*¾dKvf rsm;udk &Sdrcdk;&? rudk;uG,f&[laom t"dyÜg,f&onf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh tjcm;aom yk*¾dKvfrsm;udk tm;udk;ojzifh tEÅ&m,fudk ruG,fEdkif? aemufxyfwpfenf; tm;jzifh tjcm;aom yk*¾dKvfrsm;udk tm;udk;jcif;jzifh tEÅ&m,fyif jzpfvmEdkifonf[laom t"dyÜg,fygonf/

udk;uG,fvGJrSm; 'ku©yGm;

rSefygonf? tm;rudk;oifhol pm&if;xJwGif txufyg &aohvnf; ygouJhodkY rudk;uG,foifholudk udk;uG,fí 'ku©a&mufol pm&if;xJwGifvnf; xdk&Gm i,f&Sd ol<u,fwpfa,muf yg0ifaeonf/ &aohonf tHhzG,fo&Judk vkyfudkifjyoaomtcg vltrsm;onf tHhMorqHk;&SdMuawmhonf/ tHhMoonfhtxJ xdk&Gmi,f&Sd ol<u,fonf txl;uJqHk; jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf xdk&aohtm; aumif;rGefaom ocFrf;ausmif;udk aqmufvkyfvI'gef;í rGefjrwfaom tm[m&wdkYjzifhvnf; rjywfrvyf qufuyf auR;arG;um apmihfa&Smufaeawmhonf/
wpfaeYwGif xdkol<u,fonf ]]rdrdtdrf&Sd a&Tom; rsm;udk q&m&aohtm; tyfxm;&ygrl aumif;avpG}} [k tMuHjzpfonf/ tMuHjzpfonfhtwdkif; a&Tpifedu© (a&T'*Fg;) wpf&mudk &aohxH ,loGm;í &aoh\ ausmif;teD; jrifomavmufonfh ae&mwGif jr§Kyfxm; um q&m&aohtm; ]]t&Sif&aoh...þa&TwdkYudk owdjyKí Munfh½IawmfrIygbk&m;}}[k avQmufxm; onf/ xdktcg &aohonf ]'g,umol<u,f...&aoh &[ef;wdkYtm; þokdYaom pum;udk ajymqdkjcif;iSm roifh? igwdkYonf olwpfyg; Opömudk vdkcsifwyfrufjcif; r&Sd}}[k qdkvdkufonf/
ol<u,fonf &aohpum;ukd ,HkMunfí rdrd tdrfodkY jyefoGm;avonf/ ol<u,f jyefoGm;í twef Mumaomtcg &aohonf ]]þokdYaom Opömjzifh ighb0 wGif csrf;ompGm aeEdkifavmufNyD}}[k awG;awm tMuHjyKum pdwful;,Ofaerdonf/ ESpf&ufoHk;&uf Mumaomtcg &aohonf xdka&Trsm;udk wl;azmfum vrf;c&D;tMum; wpfae&mwGif oGm;a&mufodk0Suf xm;vdkufonf/ NyD;vQif ausmif;odkY jyefvmum tajc taerysuf qufvufaexdkifonf/
aemufwpfaeY eHeufwGif &aohonf xdkol<u,f\ tdrfwGif qGrf;bkOf;ay;í NyD;aomtcg ol<u,ftm; ]]'g,umol<u,f...igonf oifwkdYudk rSDí aecJh& onfrSm umvMumcJhavNyD/ wpfae&mwGif MumjrifhpGm aejcif;onf &aoh&[ef;wdkYtm; vlwdkYESifh a&maESm jcif;onf jzpf\/ a&maESmjcif;rnfonf &aoh &[ef; wdkYtm; tnpftaMu;yif jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh igonf þt&yfrS oGm;ygawmhrnf}}[k ajymqdk\/ xdktcg ol<u,fonf &aohudk trsdK;rsdK; awmif;yef\/ twefwef wm;\/ okdYaomf &aohum; wm;r&bJ oGm;&efom wGifwGifBuD; ajymaeawmhonf/ wm;r&onfh aemufqHk;wGif ol<u,fonf ½dkaoav;pm;pGm uefawmhum q&m&aohtm; &GmwHcg;0wdkif atmif vdkufydkYNyD; jyefvmchJonf/

ajrmfjrifynm qifjcif&m

xdktcsdefwGif ypöEÅ&pft&yfodkY pD;yGm;Opöm &SmazG&ef xGufvmaom ukefonfbk&m;tavmif;onf xdkol<u,f \tdrfü cPwjzKwf 0ifa&mufwnf;cdkaeonf/ ol<u,fonf q&m&aohudk ydkYNyD;í jyefvmum rdrdtdrfü &Sdonfh {nfhonf (bk&m;avmif;)ESifh tmvmy ov’my pum;pjrnfrsm; ajymí pum;vufqHkusaeonf/
&aohonf vrf;c&D;udk twefi,foGm;NyD;vQif ]]þol<u,fudk ig vSnfhpm;tHh}}[k MuHqvsuf qHuspf tMum;ü jrufrdIufudk xm;um jyefvmavonf/ ol<u,fESifh {nfhonfwdkYonf pum;pjrnf ajymqdk aeMu&if;rS &aohjyefvmonfudk jrif&aomtcg ol<u,fonf jymjymovJ xí c&D;OD;BudKqdkum ]]q&m&aoh...tb,faMumifh jyefvmygoenf; bk&m;}}[k ar;avQmuf\/ xdktcg &aohonf ]]'g,um...oifh tdrfacgifrdk;rS jrufrdIufwpfyif onf ig\ qHuspftMum;ü uyfNidygvmonf? ydkif&Sifray;aom Opömudk ,loGm;jcif;rnfonf &aoh&[ef;wdkYtm; rtyf? xdkYaMumifh þjrufrIdufudk jyefvmydkY&\ ol<u,f}}[k qdk\/
&aohonf ,if;odkY ajymqdkí qHuspftMum;rS jrufrdIufudk xkwfay;aomtcg ol<u,fonf ]]aMomf- ighq&monf jruf0g;jcrf;wpfpdwfrQaom olwpfyg; Opömudk r,lwwfay? t'dEém'geuH usL;vGef&rnfh tjypfudk tvGefyif ylyefaMumufvefYí oDv pifMu,faypGwum;}}[k ESvHk;oGif; atmufarhum &aoh\ tay:wGif ydkrdkMunfndKaerdawmhonf/
qifjcifw&m;ESifh jynfhpHkaom {nfhonf (bk&m;tavmif;) onf &aoh\taMumif;udk ol<u,fajymjyxm;jcif; aMumifh odNyD;jzpfonf/ &aoYESifh ol<u,fwdkY\ tjyef tvSef ajymqdkjyKrljcif; trlt&mwdkYudk jrifaomtcg {nfhonfonf pdwfxJwGif oHo, jzpfvmawmhonf/ wpfqufwnf;rSmyif ]]þ&aohysufonf þol<u,f\ wpfpHkwpfckaom ypönf;Opömudk cdk;,lxm; ayvdrfhrnf}} [k awG;awm qifjcifrdjyefonf/
rdrdawG;awmqifjcifrdaom taMumif;wdkYudk ol<u,ftm; ajymjyaqG;aEG;aomtcg ol<u,fonf ¤if;MunfndKonfh&aoh\ *kPfodu©m nd§K;EGrf;zG,f wdkYukd ajym&ma&mufaomaMumifh {nfhonfudkyif pdwfqdk;aeawmhonf/
vlom;wkdYonf tvGefyif cufvS\/ rdrdonf tvGefw&m MunfndKaeygu txifBuD;aeygu xdkyk*¾dKvfu jzLqdkvQif jzLí rnf;qdkvQif rnf;wwfMu onf/ qifjcifwHkw&m; enf;yg;olwdkY\ MunfndKrI? txifBuD;rIwkdYonf trSefw&m;udkvnf; uG,fap\/ trSm;w&m;wkdYvnf; xifap\/ trSefudk trSm; trSm;udkvnf; trSef[k jzpfap\/ ,if;wdkYrSm qifjcifwHkw&m; acgif;yg;olwdkY\ p½dkufvu©Pm rsm;yif/ xdkolwkdY &&SdcHpm;&rnfh tusdK;w&m;rsm;rSm rsufarSmufa&m wrvGefyg qdk;usdK;rsm;om jzpfonf/
,ckvnf;Munfh? {nfhonfonf qifjcifwHk w&m; BuD;rm;olyDyD &aoh\ oGifjyifESifh rlrrSef azmufjyef vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk ajymjyaomtcg ol<u,fonf {nfhonftay: pdwftqdk;BuD; qdk;aeawmhonf/ xdktcg {nfhonf(bk&m;tavmif;)onf ]]tdk rdwfaqG ol<u,f...xkd&aohxHwGif oif\ ypönf;Opöm wpfpHkwpf&m tyfESHxm;wm &Sdygoavm}}[k ar;\/ xdktcg ol<u,fonf ]]rSefygonf? a&Tpifedu© (a&T'*Fg;) wpf&mudk tyfESHjr§Kyfxm;zl;ygonf}}[k qdkonf/
]]taqGol<u,f...uREkfyfajymonfudk r,HkvQif xdka&Tjr§Kyfxm;onfh ae&mokdY ,ck oGm;í pHkprf;ygacs}}[k qdk\/ xdktcg ol<u,fonf &aohaecJhaom ausmif;odkY oGm;um rdrdjr§Kyfxm;onfh a&Tudk &SmazG\/ rawGU aomtcg {nfhonf\ txHokdY jyefvmum r&Sdawmh rawGUawmhaMumif;udk ajym\/ ol<u,f onf ]]þq&m&aohawmh ,lrnfr[kwf? tjcm;wpf a,mufa,mufrsm; odí wl;azmf,laqmifoGm;av ovm;rod}}[k {nfhonftm; ajym\/

xdyfcsíyif "m;jyrSef; rodcsif

vltawmfrsm;rsm;wdkYonf rdrdtxifBuD; ,HkMunf rdvQif xdktxifBuD;rI? MunfndKrI tpGJtvrf;udk y,fazsmuf&ef cJ,Of;vSonf/ Budwfí rdSwfí ,HkMunf jcif;? cGifhvTwfí ,kHMunfjcif;? rod[efaqmifí ,HkMunfjcif; ponfrsm;jzifhom ,HkMunfrI 0uFyg0,f vnfywfaeMu &awmhonf/ þonfwdkYrSm qifjcifwHkw&m; enf;yg; olwdkY\ xHk;pH[kyif qdk&ygrnf/
þol<u,fonf rdrdudk,fwdkif &aohtm; today; jr§KyfESHxm;onfh a&Trsm; aysmufonfhwdkifatmifyif &aohtay:0,f trsdK;rsdK; cGifhvTwfí MunfndKae onfrSm pdwfr&SnfEdkifp&myif jzpfonf/ ]]xdyfukdcsrS "m;jyrSef; odonf}}[laom qdk½dk;pum; &Sdonf/ þol<u,fum; xdyfudk tcscH&onfhwdkifatmif "m;jyrSef;rod jzpfaeonfu cufvSonf/
{nfhonf(bk&m;tavmif;)onf pdwfr&SnfEdkif awmhojzifh ol<u,fudk ac:um &aohoGm;&mvrf;odkY vsifjrefpGm vdkufcJhonf/ tawmfMum vdkufrdaomtcg &aohnpftm; rDawmhonf/ xdktcg {nfhonfonf &aohudk zrf;vsuf ½dkufESufykwfcwfí awmif;&m ol<u,f\ a&Trsm; tukefjyef&onf/ xdktcg {nhfonf onf &aoh,kwftm;---
]]tdk &aoh...El;nHhajyjypfaom pum;udk qdkwwfaom oif&aohonf pum;omvQif El;nHh ajyjypf\/ jrufrIdufwpfyifrQüum; uyfNidygvm cJhonf[k qdk\/a&Tpifedu©(a&T'*Fg;)udk ckd;,ljcif; udkum; Niduyfjcif; &Sdonf[k rajymawmhNyDavm}} qdkí xkESuf½dkufykwfum qHk;rvTwfvdkuf\/ &aohvnf; ]]wpfoufvHk; zHk;orQ ukef;rSay:}}qkdonfhtwkdif; wpfoufvHk; vltrsm; txifBuD;atmif? MunfndKatmif vkyfcJhorQ qifjcif wHkw&m; BuD;rm;aom {nfhonf (bk&m;tavmif;)ESifh awGUcgrS t&SufwuGJ tusdK;enf; jzpfum xdk&GmrS a0;&m t&yfodkY xGufoGm;&avawmh onf/
þom"urSm t'dEém'ge (olwpfyg;\ ypönf; Opömudk cdk;,ljcif;) uHudk usL;vGefrdjcif;aMumifh t&Suf wuGJ tusdK;enf; cHpm;&yHk jzpfonf/ xdk&aohonf raumif;rI 'kp½dkufrsm;udk ,if;okdY usL;vGefaejcif; aMumifh pkwdjywfa<u aovGefNyD;onf\ aemufwGif vnf; tyg,f'k*¾wdpaom raumif;usdK;w&m;wdkYudk cHpm;&awmhrnfrSm aMumufp&myif aumif;vSygonf/ oifcef;pm ,lzG,fyif/