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aejcif; trsKd;rsKd;

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ae&mXmeudk jyjcif;

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ZD0u\ o&ufO,smOfausmif;

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tazudk owfrnfh om;

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rdzk&m;onf ]]arG;NyD;rS owfawmhrnf}} [k MuHonf/ arG;NyD;aomtcgü vnf; tapmifhrsm;u uav;i,fudk z,fxm;vdkufMuonf/ xdkYaemuf wpfyg;aomtcgü BuD;jyif;jcif;odkY a&mufvmaom rif;om;udk rdzk&m;tm; jyMuonf/ rdzk&m;onf rif;om;udk jrifvQifjrifcsif;omvQif om;[laom cspfjcif;udk jzpfaponf/ xdkYaMumifh olYudk rowf&ufawmhacs/ crnf;awmf AdrÁdom&rif;BuD;uvnf; tpOftm;jzifh om;awmftm; tdrfa&SUrif; t&mudk ay;avonf/

a'0'wfu wdkufwGef;jcif;

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tZmwowf rif;jzpfjcif;

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tjywf&Sif;&ef ñTefMum;jcif;

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tpmjzwfí aoatmif owfyHk

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ajcz0g;udk "m;jzifhcGJ&ef trdefYay;jcif;

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AdrÁdom&rif;BuD; ewf&GmpHjcif;

wpfqifh pum; Mum;&onfum; AdrÁdom&rif;BuD;onf a&S;tcgu apwD&ifjyifü zdeyfpD;vsuf oGm;cJh\/ oHCmrsm; xdkif&ef cif;xm;aom oifjzL;udkvnf; raq;tyfaom ajcwdkYjzifh eif;cJh\/ þodkY ajcudk cGJí rD;uifcH&jcif;onf ,if;raumif;rI\ tusKd;quf jzpf\[k qdkMu\/
rif;BuD;tm; jyif;xefaom a0'em jzpfay:vm\/ rif;BuD;onf ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;um; tHhMozG,faumif;aypG? w&m;awmfum; tHhMozG,faumif;aypG? oHCmawmfum; tHhMozG,faumif;aypG}}[lí tzefzef atmufarh vsufomvQif apwD&ifjyifü ypfcsxm;tyfaom yef;uJhodkY ñdI;EGrf;oGm;NyD; pwkr[m&mZfewfjynfü a0ó0Pfewfrif;BuD;\ tvkyftauR; Ze0ob- rnfaom ewfom; jzpfoGm;avonf/

ewf&GmpHNyD;rS owd&

crnf;awmfAdrÁdom&rif;BuD; ewf&GmpHaom aeYüyif tZmwowfrif;tm; om;awmfuav; arG;zGm;onf/ om;awmfuav; arG;zGm;aMumif;ESifh crnf;awmf ewf&GmpHaMumif;udk avQmufwif&ef pmvTmESpfapmifwdkYonf wpfNydKifeufaom cPüomvQif a&mufvmMu\/ trwfwdkYu ]]om;awmf uav; arG;zGm;onfhtaMumif;udk a&S;OD;pGm avQmufwifMuukeftHh}}[k wdkifyifí xdkom;awmfav; zGm;jrifaMumif; pmudk rif;\ vufü xnfhvdkufMuonf/ tZmwowfrif;tm; xdkcPüomvQif om;ü cspfjcif;onf jzpfay:vmí wpfudk,fvHk;udk acsmufcsm;apNyD; ½dk;wGif;jcifqDwdkifatmif cdkufí wnfavonf/ xdkrif;onf ]]ig arG;zGm;pOfuvnf; þenf;wlyif ig\ crnf;awmftm; cspfcifjcif; jzpfay:cJh\}}[lí xdkcPüyif zcif\ aus;Zl;udk odjrifvmonf/
]]tcsif;wdkY...oGm;Mu? igY crnf;awmfudk vTwfvdkufMu? vTwfvdkufMu}}[k tZmwowfrif;u trwfwdkYudk ajymqdkonf/ trwfwdkYu ]]tb,foludk tvTwfcdkif;ygoenf; t&Sifrif;BuD;}}[k qdkí tjcm;pmwpfapmifudk rif;BuD; vufxJü xnfhvdkufMuavonf/
tZmwowfrif;onf crnf;awmfewf&GmpHaMumif;udk Mum;od&vQif idka<u;vsuf r,fawmfhxH oGm;NyD; ]]r,fawmf ...uREfkyf arG;zGm;pOfu crnf;awmftm; cspfjcif; jzpfay:cJhygoavm}}[k ar;\/ xdktcg r,fawmfu þodkY ajymqdk avonf-
]][,f om;rdkuf...b,fvdk ajymbdoenf;? rif; i,fpOfwkef;u vufñdI;rSm temaygufcJhw,f? wpfidkwnf; idkaewJh rif;udk tidk wdwfatmif rwwfEdkifMuvdkY rifhudk ac:NyD; w&m;qHk;jzwfwJh ae&mrSm xdkifaewJh rif; cnf;awmfqD oGm;cJhMuw,f? rif; crnf;awmfu temeJY vufñdI;udk olYyg;pyfxJ xnfhxm;w,f? temu yg;pyfxJrSmyJ aygufoGm;w,f? tJ'Dtcg rif; crnf;awmfu rif;udk cspfvGef;vdkY aoG;eJY a&maewJh jynfawGudk axG;rypfbJ rsKdcscJhw,f? rif; crnf;awmf&JU cspfcsif;[m tJhoavmufudk BuD;rm;cJhygw,f}}
tZmwowfrif;onf (r,fawmf\ pum;udk Mum;&aomtcg) idka<u; jrnfwrf;NyD; crnf;awmf\ tavmif;tm; oN*ØK[fjcif;udpöudk jyKvkyfavonf/

a'0'wf ajrrsKdjcif;

a'0'wfuvnf; tZmwowftm; csOf;uyfNyD; ]]&[ef;a*gwrtm; owf&ef rif;csif;a,musfm;wdkYudk trdefYay;ygavmh}}[k ajymqdkavonf/ tZmwowfrif;u ay;aom rif;csif;a,musfm;wdkYudk apvTwfívnf;aumif;? udk,fwdkif*dZÑuk#fawmifodkY wufí ,EÅ&m;jzifh ausmufwHk;wdkYudk vSdrfhcsí vnf;aumif;? emVm*D&dqifudk vTwfapívnf;aumif; wpfpHkwpfckaom enf;ESifhrQ jrwfpGmbk&m;udk owf&ef rpGrf;Edkifonf&Sdaomf a'0'wfonf qkwf,kwfaom vmbf&Sdonfjzpfí (bk&m;&SifxHü) ig;rsKd;aom taMumif; 0w¬Kudk awmif;qdkonf/ xdkig;rsKd;aom taMumif;0w¬Kudk awmif;qdkí r&vwfaomf ]]xdktaMumif;0w¬Kig;rsKd;wdkYjzifh vltaygif;wdkYudk odaptHh}}[k MuHí oHCmudk oif;cGJavonf/
(xdkYaemuf) t&Sifom&dykwå&mESifh t&Sifarm*¾v’mefwdkYu ol\ y&dowfudk ac:,loGm;Muavaomf yg;pyfrS aoG;tefxGufNyD; udk;vwdkifwdkif olemckwifü tdyfae&avonf/ (,if;odkY tdyfae&pOf) pdwfESvHk;rom,mjcif; &Sdonfjzpfí ]],ck b,ft&yfü jrwfpGmbk&m; oDwif;oHk;aeoenf;}}[k ar;í aZw0ef ausmif;ü oDwif;oHk;aeaMumif; ajymqdkMu&m ]]igYudk anmifapmif;i,fjzifh aqmif,lí jrwfpGmbk&m;udk jyMuyg}} [k (olYwynfhrsm;tm;) ajymavonf/
odkYtm;jzifh a'0'wfudk olYwynfhwdkUu anmifapmif;i,fjzifh aqmif,loGm; Muonf/ odkYaomfvnf; bk&m;&Siftm; zl;jrifjcif;iSm rxdkufavmufatmif BuD;rm;vSonhf tukodkvfuHudk jyKvkyfcJhaom a'0'wfonf aZw0efausmif;awmf a&uefteD;üomvQif ESpfjcrf;uGJaom ajrBuD;xJodkY 0ifoGm;NyD; t0Dpdi&JBuD;ü wnfavonf/ þum; þt|uxmü tusOf;rQom jzpf\/ tus,fjyqdkaom enf;um; plV0*¾ oHCab'cE¨uü vmayonf/ ,if;odkY vmjcif;aMumifhyif þü tm;vHk;udk rqdkjcif; jzpf\/
þodkYvQif rarG;zGm;rDuyif crnf;awmf AdrÁdom&rif;BuD;\ &efoljzpf vdrfhrnf[lí edrdwfzwfq&mwdkYu ñTef;qdktyfoljzpfjcif;aMumifh tZmwowf[k trnfwGifcJhavonf/

a0a'[Drdzk&m;\ om;

a0a'[dykawåm- [l&mü þtZmwowfrif;onf r[maumovrif;\ orD;awmf\om; jzpf\/ 0da'[rif;\ orD;awmf\om; r[kwf/ pifppf a0a'[D- [laom o'´gonf ynm&Sdol [laom teufudk a[maom o'´g jzpf\/ om"uum; ]]a0a'[dum *[ywmeD}} (ynmjzifh tm;xkwfwwfaom tdrf&Sifr) ]]ta,sm tmeaE´m a0a'[rked}} (ynmjzifh tm;xkwfwwfonfh &[ef;jzpfaom t&SiftmeE´m) [laom ygVdrsm; jzpf\/ xdka0a'[dykawåm- [laomyk'fü o'´gteuf (0pew¬)um; þodkY jzpf\- odjrifaMumif;jzpf aomaMumifh ÓPfonf a0'-rnf\/ ÓPfjzifh tm;xkwfwwfaomaMumifh (rdzk&m;onf) a0a'[D-rnf\/ ÓPfjzifh tm;xkwfwwfaom rdzk&m;\om; jzpfjcif;aMumifh (tZmwowfonf) a0a'[dykwå-rnf\/

Oaygoxo'´g\ teuf

w'[k- [lonf xdkaeYü[k teufudk rSwftyf\/ jynfhpHkonfjzpfí ae&mjzpfjcif;aMumifh Oaygox-rnf\/ jynfhpHkonfjzpfí aeukef\ [lonf oDvESifhvnf;aumif;? tpmrpm;jcif;ESifhvnf;aumif; jynfpHkukefonf jzpfí aeukef\[k teufudk rSwftyf\/
þOaygoaxm- [laom yk'fü ,ck qdkvwHhum; &EdkiforQaom teufwdkYudk xkwfjyjcif; jzpfonf/ ]]tm,mrm0kaomuyÜde OaygoxH *rdómr}} (igY&Sif uyÜde...vmyg? OykofjyK&modkY oGm;MuygpdkY ) paom ygVdwdkYü ygwdarmufjyjcif;onf Oaygox-rnf\/
]]{0H t|*ForEém*awm a0g 0domac Oaygoaxm Oy0kaw¬m}} (0domcg...þodkY t*Fg&Spfyg;ESifh jynfhpHkaom Oykofudk usifhoHk;tyf\/) paom ygVdwdkYü oDvonf Oaygox-rnf\/
ok'¨ó a0 o'g z*¾K? ok'¨ókaygoaxm o'g (udavom tnpf taMu;wdkYrS uif;a0;pifMu,faom yk*¾dKvftm; tcgcyfodrf; z*¾KeD eu©wfaumif;onf jzpfae\/ udavom tnpftaMu;wdkYrS uif;a0; pifMu,faom yk*¾dKvftm; tcgcyfodrf; OykofapmifhoHk;jcif;onf jzpfae\/) paom ygVdwdkYü OykofapmifhoHk;jcif;onf Oaygox-rnf\/
]]Oaygoaxm emr em*&mZm}} (Oaygoxrnfaom qifrif;onf) paom ygVdwdkYü trnfynwfonf Oaygox-rnf\/

OykofaeYoHk;rsKd;

]]e bdu©a0 w'[kaygoax obdu©Kum tm0gom}} (&[ef;wdkY xdkOykofaeYü &[ef;&Sdaom ausmif;rS &[ef;r&Sdaom ausmif;odkY roGm;tyf/) paom ygVdwdkYü OykofaeYonf Oaygox-rnf\/ þae&müvnf; xdkOykofaeY udkyif Oaygox-[kqdkvdk\/ ,if;OykofaeYonfum; &Spf&ufajrmuf t|rDOykofaeY? wpfq,fhav;&ufajrmuf pmwk'´oDOykofaeY? wpfq,fhig;&uf ajrmuf yEé&oDOykofaeYtm;jzifh okH;rsKd;tjym;&Sdonf/ xdkYaMumifh <uif;aom OykofaeYESpfrsKd;udk wm;jrpf&eftvdkYiSm yEé&ao-[k qdktyfayonf/

jynfhjcif;oHk;rsKd;ESifh ,SOfaomn

aumrk'd,m - [lonf ukrkj'mMumyef;rsm; &Sdaom (nü)/ xdktcsdefü ukrkj'mMumyef;rsm; aumif;pGm yGifhaeMu\ [k qdkygonf/ xdkukrkj'mMumyef;rsm; &SdaomaMumifh xdknonf aumrk'D-rnf\/ pmwkrmoded,m - [lonf rdk;av;vwdkY\ jynfhaMumif;jzpfaom (nü xdkifae\)/ xdkpum; rSef\? tqdkyg nonf rdk;av;vwdkY\ tqHk;jzpfaomaMumifh pmwkrmoD-rnf\/ þae&mürl ]]pmwkrmodeD}}[k qdktyf\/
wefaqmifrkef;v\ jynfhonfh tjzpftm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? rdk;Owk\ jynfhonfh tjzpftm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? Muwådumeu©wfjzifh owfrSwftyfonfh ESpf\ jynfhonfhtjzpftm;jzifhvnf;aumif; jynfhjcif;? aumif;pGmjynfhjcif; aMumifh ykPÖm-rnf\/ vAdrmefudk rm-[kqdktyf\/ xdkvAdrmef\ jynfh&m njzpfjcif;aMumifh ykPÖrm-rnf\/ þodkYvQif ykPÖm, ykPÖrm, [laom þyk'fESpfcktaygif;ü teufudk odtyf\?

tZmwowfrif; jymom'fxufü xdkifaejcif;

&mZmrpöy&d0kawm - [laom ygVdü aiGtdk;rS xGufusvmonfh EdkY&nftvsOfwdkYjzifh aq;aMumtyfaom t&yfrsufESmtzdkY &SdouJhodkYvnf; jzpfaom? aiGAdrmefrS xGufvmonfh oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ykvJoG,f? jrwfav; yef;uHk;? bGJUjzLykqdk;? ukrkj'mMumyef;wdkYjzifh aumif;pGm xuf0ef;usif a&m>yrf; ouJhodkYvnf;jzpfaom av;yg;aom tnpftaMu;wdkYrS uif;vGwfonfh vjynfh0ef;\ ta&miftaygif;wdkYjzifh wifhw,faom nü rif;trwfwdkYESifh jcH&Htyfonfjzpfí xdkifae\/ þodkY teufudk rSwftyf\/
Oy&dygom'0&*awm-[lonf jrwfaom jymom'f\ txufodkY a&mufonfjzpfí jrwfaom yk*¾dKvfwdkYESifh xdkufwefonfh aumif;pGm aqmif;tyfaom xD;jzL&Sdaom a&Tyv’ifü xdkifae\/ tb,faMumifh xdkifae oenf;qdkaomf - tdyfidkufrIudk y,fazsmuf&ef xdkifaejcif; jzpf\/ csJOD;tHh? þrif;onf crnf;awmfudk vkyfMuH&ef tm;xkwfcJhonfh aeYrSpí ]]ig tdyf awmhtHh}}[k MuHí rsufpdESpfvHk;udk rSdwfumrQüomvQif vSHtacsmif;aygif; wpf&mwdkYjzifh xdk;tyfbdouJhodkY a,mif,rf;jrnfwrf;vsufomvQif tdyf&mrS Edk;avonf/ ]]bmjzpfwmvJ}}[k ar;vQifvnf; ]]bmrQ r[kwfbl;}}[k ajym\/ xdkYaMumifh tdyfaysmfjcif;udk olrESpfoufEdkifbJ jzpfae\/ odkYjzpfjcif;aMumifh tdyfidkufjcif;udk y,fazsmuf&eftvdkYiSm jymom'fxufü xdkifaejcif; jzpfavonf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh xdkwefaqmifrkef;vjynfhaeYwGif eu©wfyGJ aMujim xm;\/ wpfNrdKUvHk;udk zHkodyfatmif a&zsef;í wHjrufpnf; vSnf;xm;\/ oJrsm; jzefYusJxm;\/ tdrfwHcg;aygufwdkYü tqif;ig;rsKd;&Sdaom yef;? aygufayguf? a&jynfhtdk;wdkYjzifh wefqmqifxm;\/ tvHk;pHkaom t&yfrsufESmtzdkYwdkYü wHcGefukuúm;rsm; aumif;pGm pdkufxlxm;í qef;Mu,faom rD;yef;rsm; xGef;n§dvsuf vSywifhw,fatmif jyifqifxm;\/ vrf;rBuD;rsm; tvdkuftm;jzifh vnf;aumif;? vrf;wdk vrf;Mum;rsm; tvdkuftm;jzifh vnf;aumif; eu©wf obif aysmf&TifrIudk cHpm;aeMuonfh vltrsm;ESifh wpfNrdKUvHk; a&m>yrf;ae avonf/ þodkY eu©wfyGJaeYjzpfjcif;aMumifhvnf; tZmwowfrif;onf rif;trwfwdkYjzifh jcH&Hvsuf jymom'fxufwGif xdkifaejcif; jzpf\ [lí tcsKdUu qdkMu\/ þodkYqdkjim;aomfvnf; ]]rif;rsKd;wdkYtzdkYrl tcgcyfodrf; eu©wfyGJ &Sdaeonfom jzpfonf/ pifppftm;jzifh tdyfidkufrIudk y,fazsmuf&ef twGufomvQif þrif;onf jymom'ftxufü xdkifaejcif; jzpf\}}[lí (r[mt|uxmü) qHk;jzwfcsuf jyKxm;avonf/

O'gef;pum; >rufqdkjcif;

O'geH O'gaeod - [lonf 0rf;ajrmufESpfvdk >rufqdktyfaom pum;udk >rufqdkavonf/ xdkpum;udk xif&Sm;apygtHh? tMuif qDonf jcifcGufudk ,ljcif;iSm rpGrf;Edkif (jcifcGufxJü rqefY)/ vQHxGufí oGm;\/ xdkqDudk qDydkqDvQH[k qdktyfouJhodkYvnf;aumif;? tMuifa&onf wpfzufqnfuefudk ,ljcif;iSm rpGrf;Edkif (wpfzufqnfuefü rqefY)/ vQHxGufí oGm;\/ xdka&udk a&ydka&vQH[k qdktyfouJhodkYvnf;aumif; xdkYtwl tMuifyDwdaMumifh jzpfaom pum;onf pdwfESvHk;udk ,ljcif;iSm rpGrf;Edkif/ ydkvGefonfjzpfí twGif;ü rwnfbJ tjyifodkY xGufoGm;\/ xdkyDwdaMumifhjzpfaom pum;udk O'ge (O'gef;)- [lí qdkyg\/ þokdYoabm&Sdonfh yDwdaMumifhjzpfaom pum;udk tZmwowfrif;u >rufqdkav\/ þodkY teufudk odtyf\/

arGUavsmfzG,faumif;aom n

a'godem - [lonf tjypfuif;\/ wdrfwdkuf? qD;ESif;? tcdk;taiGU? jrLrIef? &m[k [laom tnpftaMu;ig;rsKd;wdkYrS uif;\[k qkdkvdkygonf/ ]]&rPD,m}} - tp&Sdaom yk'fig;yk'fwdkYum; xdktjypfuif;aom nudk csD;usL;aom pum;rsm; jzpf\/ csJOD;tHh? xdknonf vltrsm;\ pdwfudk arGUavsmfapwwfaomaMumifh &rPD,m-rnf\/ qdkcJhonfh tjypfig;rsKd;rS uif;vGwfaom va&mifjzifh awmufyonfjzpfí vGefpGm aumif;aom tqif;&Sdjcif;aMumifh tbd½lyg-rnf\/ Munfh½Ijcif;iSm oifhavsmfaomaMumifh 'óeD,m-rnf\/ pdwfudk MunfvifapwwfaomaMumifh ygom'dum-rnf\? aeYç vponfwdkY\ trSwfvu©Pm jzpfjcif;iSm oifhavsmfaomaMumifh vu©nm-rnf\/

orPESifh jAm[®P

uH Ek cGZÆ - [lonf tb,frnfaom (&[ef;ykPÖm;udk qnf;uyf&ukef tHhenf;)/ orPH 0g jAm[®PH 0g - [lonf Nidrf;aptyfNyD;aom raumif;rI &Sdjcif;aMumifh orPrnfaom yk*¾dKvfudkaomfvnf;aumif;? y,fcGmtyfNyD;aom raumif;rI&Sdjcif;aMumifh jAm[®Prnfaom yk*¾dKvfudkaomfvnf;aumif; csOf;uyf&ukeftHhenf;/
,H aem y,d½kygoawm- [laom þo'´gonf A[k0kpfteufudk qdkvdkvsuf {u0kpf0dbwfjzifh ajymif;í qdkxm;aomo'´g jzpf\/ tMuif orP jAm[®Pudk jyóemar;jcif;\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh csOf;uyfukefaomf igwdkY\ pdwfonf csKdNrdefaom w&m;udk Mum;em&jcif;aMumifh Munfvifvm&m\- [lí teufudk odtyf\/

t&dyfedrdwf jyjcif;

þodkYvQif tZmwowfrif;onf ]]&rPD,m 0w}} tp&Sdonfh tvHk;pHkaom pum;jzifh t&dyfedrdwfjyjcif;udk jyKavonf/ tb,foltm; t&dyfedrdwfjyjcif;udk jyKoenf;qdkaomf ZD0utm; t&dyfedrdwfjyjcif;udk jyK\/ tb,ftusKd;iSm t&dyfedrdwfjyjcif;udk jyKoenf;qdkaomf jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; zl;jrif&jcif;tusKd;iSm t&dyfedrdwfjyjcif;udk jyKvkyfjcif; jzpf\/
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qdwfqdwfaeaom ZD0u\ tMuH

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