0#frSuif;aom w&m;udk jyjcif;

þodkYvQif rdpämt,l&SdolwdkY\ wnf&mjzpfaom 0#fw&m;udk jyawmfrlNyD; ,cktcg tm;xkwftyfaom ur®|mef;&Sdaom &[ef;\ wnf&m jyKí 0#frSuif;aom w&m;udk jyawmfrlvdkaom jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ]],awm acg bdu©a0 bdu©K}}tp&Sdaom pum;udk rdefYMum;awmfrlavonf/
xdk ]],awm acg}}tp&Sdaom pum;&yfü ,awm-[lonf tMuiftcgü ([kwfwdkif;rSefpGm odjrif\)/ qEéH zóm,wemeH-[lonf tMuifzóm,we ajcmufyg;wdkYjzifh awGUxdí cHpm;Muonfh rdpämt,l&SdolwdkYtm; 0#fonf jzpf\/ xdkzóm,weajcmufyg;wdkY\omvQif (jzpfjcif;udk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm odjrif\)/
ork',H-tp&Sdaom ygXfwdkYü ]]t0dZÆmjzpfjcif;aMumifh pu©Kyom'\ jzpfay:vmjcif;onf jzpf\}}tp&Sdaom a0'emur®|mef;ü a[mMum;tyfaom enf;jzifh zóm,wewdkY\ jzpfjcif;ponfwdkYudk odtyfukef\/ txl;um; xdka0'emur®|mef;ü ]]zójzpfjcif;aMumifh? zócsKyfjcif;aMumifh}}[lí a[mMum;ouJhodkY þ0d0¥uxmü xdkzóXmeudk pu©m,we ponfwdkYü ]]tm[m&jzpfjcif;aMumifh? tm[m&csKyfjcif;aMumifh}}[lí odtyf\/ rem,weü ]]emrf½kyfjzpfjcif;aMumifh? emrf½kyfcsKyfjcif;aMumifh}}[lí odtyf\/

t&[wåzdkvfwdkifatmif odjrifol

Owå&dw&H yZmemwd-[lonf rdpämt,l&Sdolonf rdpämt,ludkomvQif od\/ þ&[ef;onfum; rdpämt,ludkvnf;aumif;? xdkrdpämt,lxuf omvGefonfh oDv? orm"d? ynm? 0drkwådudkvnf;aumif; od\/ t&[wåzdkvf wdkifatmif od\/ tb,f&[ef;onf ,if;wdkYudk odoenf;qdkaomf &[EÅm &[ef;onf od\/ tem*grf&[ef;? ou'g*grf&[ef;? aomwmyef&[ef;? tMum;tjrifrsm;aom A[kokw&[ef;? usrf;*efudk aqmifaom *E¦"& &[ef;onf od\/ 0dyóemtm;xkwfaom tm&'¨0dyóu &[ef;onf od\/ a'oemudkrl t&[wåzdkvf[laom txGwfjzifhomvQif NyD;qHk;aptyfayonf/ þum; tajzwnf;/

a'oemydkufuGefrS vGwfolr&Sd

146/ þodkY 0#fqif;&JrS uif;aom w&m;udk a[mMum;awmfrlNyD; ,cktcg ]]a'oemydkufuGefrS vGwfaom rdpämt,l&Sdol[lí r&Sd}}[k jyawmfrljcif;iSm ]]a,[d aupd bdu©a0}}tp&Sdaom pum;udk tm;xkwf (rdefYqdk)awmfrlav onf/ xdkpum;&yfü taEÅmZmvDuwm-[lonf ig\ þa'oemydkufuGef twGif;üomvQif jyKtyfukef\/ {w¬ odwm0-[lonf ig\ þa'oem ydkufuGefü rSDukefonfjzpfíomvQif ay:ukef\/ Or®KZÆrmem Or®KZÆEÅd-[laom ygXfü tb,fodkY qdkvdkoenf;[lrl xdkrdpämt,l&SdolwdkYonf atmufü epfjrKyfukefaomfvnf;aumif;? txufü ay:wufukefaomfvnf;aumif; ig\ a'oemydkufuGefü rSDukefonfjzpfíomvQif epfjrKyfvnf; epfjrKyfukef\/ ay:vnf; ay:wufukef\/ (þodkY qdkvdkayonf/) {w¬ y&d,myEém-[lonf ig\a'oemydkufuGefü yg0ifukef\/ þa'oemydkufuGefESifh pyfukefonfjzpfí vnf;aumif;? þa'oemydkufuGeftwGif;ü xnfhoGif;jcif; jyKtyfukefonf jzpfívnf;aumif; ay:vmukef\/ xdkpum; rSef\? þa'oemydkufuGef twGif;ü roGif;,ltyfaom rdpämt,l&Sdol[lí r&Sdacs/ þodkY rSwftyf\/

Oyrm Oyar,s ESD;aESmyHk

okckrpädaue-[lonf ao;i,faom tayguf&Sdaom (ydkufuGefjzifh ao;i,faom a&tdkifudk vTrf;rdk;ypfcs&m\)/ þodkY teufudk rSwftyf\/ csJUOD;tHh? þ ]]ao,sxmyd}}paom pum;&yfü wHigonfuJhodkY jrwfpGmbk&m;udk odtyf\/ ydkufuGefuJhodkY a'oemawmfudk odtyf\/ tenf;i,faom a&uJhodkY wpfaomif;aom avmu"mwfudk odtyf\/ xif&Sm;aom a&owå0grsm;uJhodkY ajcmufq,fhESpfyg;aom rdpämt,l&SdolwdkYudk odtyfukef\/ urf;pyfü &yfí Munfhaeaom xdkwHigonf\ xif&Sm;aom a&owå0grsm;tm;vHk; ydkufuGeftwGif;odkY a&mufonf\tjzpfudk jrif&jcif;uJhodkY rdpämt,lrsm;tm;vHk; a'oemydkufuGefxJodkY a&mufonfhtjzpfudk jrwfpGmbk&m;\ jrif&jcif;udk odtyf\/ þodkYvQif Oyrm Oyar,s ESD;aESmjcif;udk odtyf\/

b0aESmifBudK;jywfNyD;aom yk*¾dKvf

147/ þodkYvQif þajcmufq,fhESpfyg;aom rdpäm'd|dwdkYjzifh tvHk;pHkaom rdpämt,lwdkYudk odrf;,ltyfonfhtjzpfaMumifh tvHk;pHkaom rdpämt,l&SdolwdkY\ a'oemydkufuGefü tMuHK;0ifonf\ tjzpfudk jyawmfrlNyD; ,cktcg rdrd\ wpfpHkwpfckaom b0a,medponfwdkYürQ tMuHK;r0ifonf\ tjzpfudk jyawmfrlvdkaom jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ]]OpädEéb0aewådaum bdu©a0 wxm*wó uma,m}}tp&Sdaom pum;udk rdefYMum;awmfrlavonf/ xdkpum;&yfü vnfyif;wGif zGJUcsnfí aqmif,laMumif;jzpfaom BudK;onf aewåd-rnf\/ þae&mürl BudK;ESifhwlaomaMumifh b0wPSmudk aewåd[k qdkvdk\/ rSef\? xdkb0wPSmonf owå0gtrsm;udk vnfyif;ü zGJUcsnfí xdkxdkb0odkY aqmifwwfaomaMumifh b0aewåd-rnf\/ t&[wår*f[laom "m;jzifh jzwftyfNyD;onfh b0aESmifBudK;&SdaomaMumif jrwfpGmbk&m;\ udk,fawmfonf OpädEéb0aew¬du-rnf\/
um,ó ab'g O'¨H-[lonf cE¨mudk,fysufpD;onfrS txuf jzpfaomaemufumvü (xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;udk zl;jrifMu&awmhrnf r[kwf)/ ZD0dwy&d,m'gem-[lonf touf\ vHk;0 ukefqHk;jcif;aMumifh? wpfzef y#doaE¨ raeawmhjcif;aMumifh (xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;udk zl;jrifMu&awmhrnf r[kwf)/þodkY teufudk rSwftyf\/ e eH 'u©EÅd-[lonf xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;udk ewfwdkYonf vnf;aumif;? vlwdkYonfvnf;aumif; jrifMu&awmhrnf r[kwf/ trnfynwf r&Sdawmhonfh tjzpfodkY a&mufoGm;vdrfhrnf/ þodkY teufudk odtyf\/

o&ufoD;cdkifESifh b0aESmifBudK;Oyrm

ao,sxmyd bdu©a0-paom Oyrmüum; þqdkvwHhaom pum;onf Oyar,sESifh ESD;aESmjyaom pum; jzpf\/ o&ufyifuJhodkY jrwfpGmbk&m;\ udk,fawmfudk odtyf\/ xdko&ufyifü jzpfaom tn§mBuD;uJhodkY xdkjrwfpGm bk&m;\ udk,fawmfudk trSDjyKí a&S;ü jzpfaom wPSmudk odtyf\/ xdktn§mü zGJUpyfaeonfh ig;vHk;aom o&ufoD;rSnfh? wpfq,fhESpfvHk;aom o&ufoD;rSnfh? wpfq,fh&SpfvHk;aom o&ufoD;rSnfhtwdkif;t&Snf&Sdaom o&ufoD;cdkifuJhodkY wPSm&SdcJhvQif xdkwPSmESifh zGJUpyfaeonfjzpfí aemiftcg jzpfay:vmEdkifonfh cE¨mig;yg;? tm,wewpfq,fhESpfyg;? "mwfwpfq,fh&Spfyg;wdkYudk odtyfukef\/
qufOD;tHh? xdktn§mjywfoGm;rnfqdkvQif xdko&ufoD;tm;vHk;wdkYonf xdktn§modkYomvQif tpOfvdkufoGm;ukefouJhodkY ,if;enf;wlyif b0aESmifBudK; [laom tn§mrjywfao;jcif;aMumifh aemiftem*wfü jzpfvmzG,f&Sdonfh cE¨mig;yg;? tm,wewpfq,fhESpfyg;? "mwfwpfq,fh&Spfyg; [laom w&m;tm;vHk;wdkYonf wPSm[laom b0aESmifBudK;odkYom tpOfvdkufoGm; ukef\/ b0aESmifBudK;jywfvQif jywfoGm;onfom jzpfukef\/ þodkY teufudk odtyf\/
qufOD;tHh? xdko&ufyifonfvnf; zm;\ ql;ü wnfaom tqdyfESifh awGUxdjcif;udk taMumif;jyKí tpOftm;jzifh ajcmufaoGUNyD; aooGm;onf&Sdaomf ]]þt&yfü þodkYoabm&Sdaom o&ufyifonf &SdcJh\}}[lí ajymqdkjcif;rQ omvQif jzpfawmh\/ xdko&ufyifudkrl rjrif&awmhouJhodkY þenf;wlyif t&d,r*fESifh awGUxdjcif;udk taMumif;jyKí wPSm[laom tap;ukefcef;oGm; jcif;aMumifh tpOftm;jzifh ajcmufaoGUouJhodkY þudk,fcE¨m ysufpD;oGm;onf &Sdaomf udk,fcE¨m ysufpD;onfrS txufjzpfaom aemufumvü touf ukefoGm;jcif;aMumifh xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;udk awGUjrifMu&awmhrnf r[kwf/ xdkjrwfpGm bk&m;udkvnf; ewf vlwdkYonf awGUjrifMu&awmhrnf r[kwf/ ]]þomoemonf þodkYoabm&Sdaom jrwfpGmbk&m;\ omoemawmf jzpfowJh}}[lí ajymqdkjcif;rQonfomvQif jzpfawmhayvdrfhrnf/ þum; Oyar,sESifh ESD;aESmjcif;aywnf;/
þodkYvQif jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tEkyg'daooedAÁme"mwfodkY1 a&mufapí a'oemudk tqHk;owfawmfrlavonf/

a'oemawmf\ trnf

148/ {0H 0kawå tm,o®m tmeaE´m-[lonf þodkYjrwfpGmbk&m;u þjA[®Zmvokwfudk a[mMum;tyfonf&Sdaomf t&SiftmeE´mrax&fonf tprS pí okwfawmfwpfckvHk;udk qifjcifESvHk;oGif;awmfrlNyD; ]]þodkY Ak'¨pGrf;&nfudk jyí a[mMum;tyfaom okwfawmf\ trnfudk jrwfpGmbk&m;onf r,ltyfao;/ ,ck igonf xdkokwfawmf\ emrnfudk ,laptHh}}[k MuHí jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; þpum;udk avQmufMum;avonf/
wo®mwd[ wGH-tp&Sdaom ygXfwdkYü þqdkvwHhum; teufa,mZemjcif; (teufudk ,SOfapjcif;) jzpf\/ tmeE´m...tMuifaMumifh þw&m;a'oemü þypöKyÜefb0ESifh qdkifaom tusKd;pD;yGm;udkvnf;aumif;? aemifwrvGefb0ESifh qdkifaom tusKd;pD;yGm;udkvnf;aumif; tus,f a0zeftyf\/ xdkYaMumifh oifonf þw&m;a'oemudk tusKd;pD;yGm;[laom uGef&uf&Sdaom tw¬Zmva'oem-[lívnf; rSwf,lavmh/
xdkrSwpfyg; þw&m;a'oemü rsm;pGmukefaom ygVdtpOfw&m;wdkYudk a[mMum;tyfukef\/ xdkYaMumifh þw&m;a'oemudk ygVdtpOfw&m;[laom uGef&uf&Sdonfh "r®Zmva'oem-[lívnf; rSwf,lygavm/
xdkYjyifvnf; tMuifaMumifh þw&m;a'oemü jrwfaom oAÁnKw ÓPfawmfudk tus,fa0zeftyf\/ xdkYaMumifh þw&m;a'oemudk jrwfaom oAÁnKwÓPf[laom uGef&uf&Sdonfh jA[®Zmva'oem-[lívnf; rSwf,lavmh/
tMuifaMumifh þw&m;a'oemü ajcmufq,fhESpfyg;aom rdpämt,lwdkYudk tus,fa0zeftyfukef\/ xdkYaMumifh þw&m;a'oemudk rdpäm'd|d[laom uGef&uf&Sdonfh 'd|dZmva'oem-[lívnf; rSwf,lavmh/
xdkrSwpfyg; tMuifaMumifh þw&m;a'oemudk Mum;em&onf&Sdaomf a'0ykwårm&fudkvnf;aumif;? cE¨rm&fudkvnf;aumif;? rpöKrm&fudkvnf;aumif;? udavomrm&fudkvnf;aumif; ESdyfuGyfjcif;iSm pGrf;Edkif\/ xdkYaMumifh þw&m; a'oemudk twkr&Sdaom ppfyGJudk atmifEdkifaMumif; (tEkwå&o*Fgr0dZ,) a'oem[lívnf; rSwf,lavmh/ þodkY jrwfpGmbk&m;u rdefYMum;awmfrl avonf/

&[ef;wdkYu 0rf;ajrmufpGm vufcHMujcif;

149/ twårem aw bdu©L-[lonf xdkig;&maom &[ef;wdkYonf rdrdpdwf&SdMuukefonfjzpfí? jrwfpGmbk&m;ü jzpfaom yDwdjzifh wuf<uaom pdwf&SdMuukefonfjzpfí (jrwfpGmbk&m;\ a[mMum;csufudk ESpfoufpGm vufcHMuavonf)[k qdkvdkygonf/ b*0awm bmodwH-[lonf u&0dufiSuf\ jrnfwGefoHuJhodkY csKdomaom? em;udk csrf;omapaom? ynm&Sd wdkY\ ESvHk;om;rsm;udk tNrdKufa&pifjzifh oGef;jzef;vdkufjcif;ESifhwlaom? jA[®mrif;\ toHESifh wlaom toHjzifh a[mMum;awmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;\ pum;awmfjzpfaom qef;Mu,faom enf;rsm;ESifh a'oemawmf\ wifhw,f pHy,fjcif;wdkYESifh ,SOfaom þjA[®Zmvokwfawmfudk/ tbdeE´HK-[lonf tzefzefvnf; 0rf;ajrmufMuukef\/ vufcHvnf; vufcHMuukef\/

tbdeE´o'´g\ teuf

csJUOD;tHh? þtbdeE´-o'´gonf ]]tbdeE´wd tbd0'wd}} (vGefpGm ESpfouf\? tm;&ESpfoufpGm ajymqdk\)paom ygVdwdkYü wPSm[laom teufüvnf; vm\/ ]]tEéar0gbdeE´EÅd? Oba, a'0rmEkom}} (ewfa&mvlyg ESpfrsKd;vHk;aom owå0gwdkYonf pm;p&modkYom csOf;uyfMuukef\) paom ygVdwdkYü csOf;uyfjcif;[laom teufüvnf; vm\/
]]pd&yÜ0goð yk&doH? 'l&awm aomw¬drm*wH/
Ówdrdwåm ok[ZÆm p? tbdeE´EÅd tm*wH}}
paom ygVdwdkY\ tbdeE´o'´gonf vufcHjcif;teufüvnf; vm\/
(*gxm\teuf-MumjrifhpGm auGuGif;í ae&NyD; t&yfa0;rS csrf;ompGm jyefa&mufvmaom oludk aqGrsKd;rdwfaqGrsm;ESifh cifrifolwdkYu ]csrf;ompGm jyefa&mufvmay\}[lí 0rf;ajrmufpGm BudKqdkvufcHMuukef\)/
]]tbdeE´dwGm tEkarm'dwGm}} (vGefpGmESpfoufí? tzefzef 0rf;ajrmufí) paom ygVdwdkYü tbdeE´o'´gonf tzefzef 0rf;ajrmufjcif;teufüvnf; vm\/ þae&müvnf; þtbdeE´o'´gonf tzefzef 0rf;ajrmufjcif;? vufcHjcif; teufwdkYü oifh\/ xdkYaMumifh ]]tbdeE´KEÅd tEkarm'ðok ap0 orÜ#dpäðok p}}[k ig zGifhqdkcJhjcif; jzpf\/
avmu"H&Spfyg;wdkYaMumifh azmufjym;wkefvIyfjcif;r&Sd? wm'd*kPfESifh jynfhpHkaom jrwfpGmbk&m;\ o'´gtm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? teuftm;jzifh vnf;aumif; aumif;pGm a[mMum;tyfaom þjA[®Zmvokwåefa'oem awmfudk &[ef;wdkYu tzefzef 0rf;ajrmufMuukefvsuf OD;xdyfjzifh wdkufum vufcHcJhMuavonf/

a0,smu&Pa'oem

£ro®ð p ye a0,smu&Po®ð bnrmae-[lonf *gxmrzuf pum;ajyoufoufjzpfaom þjA[®Zmvokwfudk a[mMum;tyfonf&Sdaomf (wpfaomif;aom avmu"mwfonf wkefvIyfav\)/ rSef\? *gxmrzuf pum;ajyoufoufjzpfjcif;aMumifh þjA[®Zmvokwfudk ]]a0,smu&P}}[k qdktyf\/

wpfaomif;aom avmu"mwfwkefvIyfjcif;

'oo[óD avmu"mwk-[lonf wpfaomif;aom pMu0Vm twdkif;t&Snf&Sdaom þavmu"mwfonf (wkefvIyfav\)/ turÜdw¬-[lonf okwfawmf\ tqHk;üomvQif wkefvIyf\[k rodtyf/ rSef\? ]]bnrmae}} (a[mMum;tyfpOf)[lí oH*g,emwifrax&fwdkY rdefYqdkcJhMu\/ ,if;odkY qdkjcif;aMumifh ajcmufq,fhESpfyg;aom rdpämt,lwdkYudk ajz&Sif;í a[mMum;tyfukefonf&Sdaomf xdkxdkrdpämt,l\ tqHk;wdkif; tqHk;wdkif;ü wkefvIyfonfjzpfí ajcmufq,fhESpfyg;aom XmewdkYü wkefvIyfcJh\[lí odtyfayonf/

ajrivsifvIyfjcif;\ taMumif;&Spfyg;

xdkturÜdw¬-[laom ygXfü "mwfacsmufcsm;jcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? wefcdk;&Sif\ tmEkabmfaMumifhvnf;aumif;? bk&m;avmif;\ r,fawmf0rf;odkY ouf0ifjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? r,fawmf0rf;rS zGm;jrifjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? or®moarÁm"dÓPfodkY a&mufawmfrljcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? "r®pMumw&m; a[mMum;jcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? tm,kocFg& vTwfjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? y&dedAÁmefpH jcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif; þtaMumif;&Spfyg;wdkYaMumifh ajrivsifvIyfjcif;udk odtyf\/ ,if;taMumif;&Spfyg;wdkYESifh qdkifaom tqHk;tjzwfudk ]]tmeE´m...BuD;pGmaom ajrivsifvIyfrI jzpfay:jcif;\ taMumif;wdkYum; þ&Spfyg;;wdkYwnf;}} [lí r[my&dedAÁmeokwfü vmaom ygVdudk zGifhqdkaom tcgusrS igwdkY zGifhqdkMuygrnf/

awmxGufaomtcg ponfüvnf; wkefvIyf

þr[myx0DajrBuD;um; tjcm;aom t&mXme&Spfyg;wdkYüvnf; wkefvIyf\/ ,if;&Spfyg;wdkYrSm bk&m;avmif;\ jrwfaom awmxGufawmfrl onfhtcg? aAm"dr@dKifodkY csOf;uyfonfhtcg? yHhoulouFef;udk aumuf,lonfh tcg? yHhoulouFef;udk aq;avQmfonfhtcg? umVum&mrokwfudk a[mMum; onfhtcg? a*gwruokwfudk a[mMum;onfhtcg? a0óEÅ&Zmwfawmfudk a[mMum;onfhtcg? þjAm[®Zmvokwfudk a[mMum;onfhtcgwdkY jzpf\/
,if;taMumif; &Spfyg;wdkYwGif jrwfaom awmxGuf&mtcg? aAm"dr@dKifodkY csOf;uyf&mtcgwdkYü 0D&d,\ tpGrf;aMumifh r[myx0DajrBuD;onf wkefvIyfcJh\/ yHhoulouFef;udk aumuf,laomtcg ]]uRef;i,fESpfaxmif tjcHt&H&Sdonfh uRef;BuD;av;uRef;wdkYudk pGefYy,fí &[ef;jyKNyD; okomefodkY oGm;í yHhoul ouFef;udk aumuf,lawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;onf jyKEdkifcJaomtrIudk jyKawmfrlay\}}[lí tHhMojcif;t&Sdefjzifh ½dkufcwftyfonfjzpfí r[myx0D ajrBuD;onf wkefvIyfcJh\/
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