ed'gef;pum;

þyxrr[moH*g,emwifpOfu 0denf;udk oH*g,emwifNyD; tqHk;wGif okwåefyd#uü tpOD;jzpfaom 'DCedum,f\ tpOD;okwfjzpfonfh jA[®Zmvokwfudk ar;jref;aom t&Sifr[muóyum; ]]igY&SiftmeE´m... jA[®Zmvokwfudk b,ft&yfü a[mMum;cJhygoenf;}} tp&Sdonfjzifh ajymqdkar;jref;tyfaom pum;tqHk;ü tMuift&yfü a[mMum;awmfrlcJh\/ tMuifyk*¾dKvfudk taMumif;jyKí a[mMum;awmfrlcJh\? xdktvHk;pHkudk azmfjyvdkaom t&SiftmeE´monf ]]{0H ar okwH}}tp&Sdaompum;udk rdefYMum;awmfrlavonf/ xdkYaMumifh ]]jA[®Zmvokwf\vnf; {0H ar okwH - tp&Sdaom yxroH*g,emwifpOftcgu t&SiftmeE´mrdefYMum;cJhaom ed'gef;pum;onf tp jzpf\}} [lí igqdkcJhjcif;jzpfayonf/

yk'fcGJyHk

1/ xdked'gef;pum;ü {0H-onf edygwfyk'f jzpf\/ ar-ponfwdkYonf emrfyk'frsm; jzpf\? y#dyaEém a[mwd-ü y#d-onf Oyo*¾yk'f jzpf\/ a[mwd- onf tmcsmwfyk'f jzpf\/1 þodkYaom enf;jzifh yk'fcGJyHkudk a&S;OD;pGm odtyf\/

{0H-o'´g\ teufrsm;

teuftm;jzifhum;-yxrOD;qHk; {0H-o'´gonf Oyrmteuf? Oya'oteuf? orÜ[Hoeteuf? *&[Pteuf? 0peorÜ#d*¾[teuf? tmum&teuf? ed'óeteuf? t0"m&Pteuf-tp&Sdaom rsm;aom teuftjym;&Sd\/ xdkpum;udk csJUOD;tHh/ þ{0Ho'´gonf ]]{0H Zmawe rapöe? uwåAÁH ukovH A[Hk}} (þenf;wlyif arG;zGm;vmaom owå0gonf rsm;pGmaom ukodkvfudk jyKtyf\) tp&Sdaom ygVdwdkYü EdIif;,SOfjcif; Oyrmteufü vm\/
]]{0H aw tbduúrdwAÁH? {0H aw y#duúrdwAÁH}} (þodkY oifonf a&SUodkY oGm;&m\? þodkY oifonf aemufodkY a&muf&m\) paom ygVdwdkYü ñTefjyjcif;-Oya'oteufü vm\/
]]{0arwH b*0g? {0arwH ok*w}} (jrwfpGmbk&m;...þpum;onf þtwdkif; rSefyg\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;...þpum;onf þtwdkif; rSefyg\) paom ygVdwdkYü &Tifysjcif; - orÜ[Hoeteufü vm\/
]]{0 ar0H yem,H 0ovD ,o®ð 0g wo®ð 0g wó rk@uó orPuó 0PÖH bmowd}} (þol,kwfrmonf þodkYomvQif xdkt&yf þt&yfü xdkOD;jynf;acgif;wHk;jzpfaom &[ef;,kwf\ *kPfudk csD;rGrf;bd\) paom ygVdwdkYü uJh&JUjcif; - *&[Pteufü vm\/
]]{0H baEÅwd acg aw bdu©L b*0awm ypöaómoHk (aumif;ygNyD bk&m;[lí xdk&[ef;wdkYonf jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; 0efcHMuukefNyD)paom ygVdwdkYü pum;udk 0efcHjcif; - orÜ#d*¾[teufü vm\/
]]{0H Asmacg t[H baEÅ b*0wm "r®H a'odwH tmZmemrd}} (wynfhawmfonf jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;tyfaom w&m;awmfudk þodkY em;vnfouJhodkY &Sdyg\) paom ygVdwdkYü tjcif;t&m-tmum&teufü vm\/
]]vkvifi,f...oGm;avmh? t&SiftmeE´mxH csOf;uyfí ig\ pum;jzifh t&SiftmeE´mtm; tem r&Sdjcif;? emusifrI r&Sdjcif;? vsifjrefaygYyg;pGm xEdkif oGm;Edkifjcif;? cGeftm;&Sdjcif;? csrf;ompGm ae&jcif;udk ar;avQmufygavmh}}
awma',sykPÖm;\ om;jzpfol okbvkvifonf t&SiftmeE´mtm; temuif;jcif;? emusifrIuif;jcif;? vsifjrefaygYyg;pGm xEdkif oGm;Edkifjcif;? cGeftm;&Sdjcif;? csrf;ompGmae&jcif;udk ar;avQmufvdkufyg\[lí avQmufMum; avmh? awmif;yefyg\? t&SiftmeE´monf tpOfoem;jcif;udk taMumif;jyKí okbvkvif\ tdrfodkY <ua&mufyg&ef awmif;yefyg\/ þodkYvnf; avQmufMum;avavmh-tp&Sdaom ygVdwdkYü {0Ho'´gonf ñTef;qdkjyjcif; - ed'óeteufü/ ]]wH uð rnx umvmrm/y/ {0H aem {w¬ a[mwd}} tp&Sdaom ygVdwdkYü {0Ho'´gonf ydkif;jcm;owfrSwf qHk;jzwfjcif; - t0"m&Pteufü vm\/
«umvmrrif;wdkY...xdkt&mudk oifwdkYrnfodkY xifMuoenf;? þw&m;wdkYonf ukodkvfw&m;rsm;avm? tukodkvfw&m;rsm;avm[k bk&m;&Sifu ar;awmfrlonf/ tukodkvfw&m;rsm; jzpfygonfbk&m;-[k umvmrrif;wdkYu ajzMuonf/ tjypf&Sdaom w&m;rsm; jzpfoavm? tjypfuif;aom w&m;rsm; jzpfoavm[k bk&m;&Sifu ar;awmfrlonf/ tjypf&Sdaom w&m;rsm; jzpfygonfbk&m;-[k umvmrrif;wdkYu ajzMuonf/ ynm&SdwdkY uJh&JUtyfaom w&m;rsm; jzpfygoavm? ynm&SdwdkY csD;rGrf;tyfaom w&m;rsm;jzpfygoavm[k bk&m;&Sifu ar;awmfrlonf/ ynm&SdwdkY uJh&JUtyfaom w&m;rsm;jzpfygonfbk&m;-[k umvmrrif;wdkYu ajzMum; avonf/ usifhoHk;aqmufwnftyfonf&Sdaomf tpD;tyGm;rJhjcif;? qif;&Jjcif;iSm jzpfukefoavm? rjzpfukefoavm? þt&mü oifwdkYtm; tb,fodkYxifjrifMujcif; jzpfygoenf; - [k bk&m;&Sifu ar;awmfrlonf/ usifhoHk;aqmufwnftyfonf&Sdaomf tpD;tyGm;rJhjcif;? qif;&Jjcif;iSm jzpfukef\/ þt&mü þodkYomvQif uREfkyfwdkYtm; xifjrifjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m; [k umvmrrif;wdkYu ajzMuonf/ þum; om"uygVd\ jrefrmjyef jzpf\/
xdk {0Ho'´gudk þt&mü tmum&teuf? ed'óeteuf t0"m&P teufwdkYü rSwf,ltyf\/

tmum&teuf

az:jyygteufoHk;rsKd;wdkYwGif tmum&teuf&Sdaom {0Ho'´gjzifh þqdkvwåHUaom teufudk az:jy\/ trsKd;rsKd;aom enf;wdkYjzifh odrfarGUaom? rsm;pGmaom tvdktZÑmo,rsm;vQifjzpfaMumif;&Sdaom? teufo'´gwdkYESifh jynfhpHkaom? txl;xl;aom jym#d[mrsm;yg&Sdaom? "r®? tw¬? a'oem? y#da0"wdkYjzifh eufeJaom rdrd rdrdwdkY\ bmompum; tm;avsmfpGm cyfodrf;aom owå0gwdkY\ em;vrf;aMumif;xJodkY 0ifa&mufoGm;aom xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;\ pum;awmfudk tvHk;pHkaom tjym;tm;jzifh tb,folonf odjrifjcif;iSm pGrf;EdkifygtHhenf;? pifppf tpGrf;ukef tm;xkwfí emvdkaom pdwfudk jzpfapum þodkY wynfhawmf em,lcJhygonf/ wpfckaom tjcif;t&m tm;jzifh em,lcJhygonf [k qdkvdk\/

ed'óeteuf

ed'óeteuf&Sdaom {0Ho'´gjzifh ]]wynfhawmfonf rdrdtvdkvdk odjrifaom o,rÇL r[kwfyg? wynfhawmfonf þokwfudk udk,fwdkif rsufarSmufjyKí odjriftyfonf r[kwfyg}} [lí rdrdudk,fudk udk,fwdkif odoltjzpfrS vGwfajrmufapvsuf ]]þodkY wynfhawmf em,lcJh&ygonf/ wynfhawmfonfvnf; þodkY em,lcJh&ygonf}}[lí ,ck qdkvwåHUaom okwfawmfwpfckvHk;udk ñTefjyawmfrlonf/

t0"m&Pteuf

t0"m&Pteuf&Sdaom {0Ho'´gjzifh ]]&[ef;wdkY...rsm;aom tMum; tjrif&Sdaom? ÓP*wd&Sdaom? owd&Sdaom? 0D&d,&Sdaom? vkyfauR;jyKpk wwfaom igYwynfh&[ef;wdkYwGif þtmeE´monf tjrwfqHk;jzpfay\}}[lí jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfwdkifuvnf;aumif;? ]]t&SiftmeE´monf teufü vdr®m\? ygVdü vdr®m\? yk'fAsnf;ü vdr®m\/ ed½kwådenf;ü vdr®m\/ a&SUaemuf tpOfü vdr®m\}} [lí w&m;ppfolBuD;jzpfaom t&Sifom&dykwå&mu vnf;aumif; csD;rGrf;tyfonftm;avsmfpGm rdrd\aqmifEdkifpGrf;udk jyvsuf owå0gwdkY\ emMum;vdkaom pdwfudk jzpfapawmfrl\/ þodkY wynfhawmf em,lcJh&ygonf/ xdk em,lcJh&aom okwfonfvnf; teuftm;jzifhvnf; aumif;? o'´gtm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? ,kwfavsmhjcif;vnf; r&Sd? ydkvGef;jcif;vnf; r&Sdyg? þMum;emcJh&onfh twdkif;omvQif rSwf,ltyfygonf/ wpfyg;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh rrSwf,ltyfyg[k qdkvdkygonf/

ar-o'´g\ teuf

]]{0H ar okwH}}ü ar-o'´gonf oHk;yg;aom teufwdkYü xif\/ xdkpum;udk csJUOD;tHh? ]]*gxmbd*DwH ar tabmZae,sH}} (*gxmjzifh zGJUqdk csD;rGrf;tyfaom qGrf;udk igonf rpm;tyf) tp&Sdaom ygVdwdkYü þ ar-o'´g\ ]]r,m - igonf}}[laom uwåm;teufonf jzpf\/
]]om"k ar baEÅ b*0g oHcdawåe "r®H a'aowk}} (t&Sifbk&m;... awmif;yefyg\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf wynfhawmftm; tusOf;tm;jzifh w&m;udk a[mMum;awmfrlyg)tp&Sdaom ygVdwdkYü ]]r,SH-wynfhawmftm;}} [laom orÜ'gefteufonf jzpf\/
]]"r®'g,m'g ar bdu©a0 b0x}} (&[ef;wdkY...oifwdkYonf ig\ w&m;tarGudk cH,lolrsm; jzpfMuukefavmh)tp&Sdaom ygVdwdkYü ]]rr - ig\}} [laom omrdteufonf jzpf\/
þae&müum; ar - o'´gonf ]]r,m okwH - wynfhawmf Mum;emcJh &ygonf[lívnf;aumif;? rr okwH - wynfhawmf\ Mum;emcJh&jcif;onf jzpf\}}[lí vnf;aumif;? uwåm;teufESifh omrdteufESpfrsKd;ü oifh\/

okw-o'´g\ teuf

]]{0H ar okwH}}ü a&SUquf Oyom&yk'f ygç rygtm;jzifh ESpfrsKd;aom okw-o'´gonf oGm;jcif;teuf? xif&Sm;jcif;teuf? pGwfpdkjcif;teuf? qnf;yl;jcif;teuf? tm;xkwfjcif;teuf? aomw0dnmOfjzifh odjcif;teuf? aomw'Gg&odkY tpOfvdkufí odjcif;teuf ponftm;jzifh rsm;aomteuf&Sd\/
xdkpum;udk csJUOD;tHh? ]]aoem, yokawm}} (ppfwyfodkY oGm;ol)tp&Sdaom ygVdwdkYü yokw - o'´g\ ]]*päaEÅm - oGm;ol}} [laom teufonf jzpf\/
]]okw"r®ó yóawm}} tp&Sdaom ygVdwdkYü xif&Sm;aom w&m;&Sdol [laom teufonf jzpf\/
]]t0ókwm t0ókwó}} tp&Sdaom ygVdwdkYü pGwfpdkonfjzpfí pGwfpdkaom [laom teufonf jzpf\/
]]wkarS[d yknH yokwH teyÜuH}} (oifwdkYonf rsm;pGmaom aumif;rIudk qnf;yl;tyfNyD)paom ygVdwdkYü qnf;yl;tyfNyD[laom teufonf jzpf\/
]]a, psmeyÜokwm "D&m}} (psmefü tm;xkwfaom tMuifynm&SdwdkYonf) tp&Sdaom ygVdwdkYü psmefü tm;xkwfaom teufonf jzpf\/
]]'d|H okwH rkwH}} (jriftyf? Mum;tyf? awGUxdtyfaom)tp&Sdaom ygVdwdkYü aomw0dnmOfjzifh odtyf\[laom teufonf jzpf\/
]]okw"a&m okwoEédpa,m}} (okwudk aqmifol? okwudk pkaqmif;ol) [laom ygVdwdkYü aomw0dnmOf bGJUtpOfavQmufí odtyfonfhw&m;udk aqmifol-[laom teufonf jzpf\/
þt&mürl]] aomw'Gg&odkY tpOfavQmufí aqmif,lrSwfom;tyfNyD}} [lívnf;aumif;? ]]aqmif,lrSwfom;jcif;onf jzpfNyD}}[lívnf;aumif; xdkokwo'´g\ teufonf oifh\/

{0Hç arç okwH yk'fwdkYjzifh jytyfaomteuf

þodkYvQif {0H ar okwH - [laom oHk;yk'fwdkYwGif {0H-onf aomw 0dnmOfpaom 0dnmOfwdkY\ udpöudk jyaomyk'f jzpf\/ ar-onf qdkcJhNyD;aom 0dnmOfwdkYESifh jynfhpHkaom yk*¾dKvfudk jyaom yk'f jzpf\/ okwH-onf rMum;em& onf\tjzpfudk y,fjcif;aMumifh r,kwfrydk razmufjyefaom rSwf,ljcif;udk jyaom yk'f jzpf\/
xdkYtwlyif {0H-onf aomw'Gg&odkY tpOfavQmufí jzpfaom xdk0dnmP0Dxd\ txl;xl; tjym;jym;tm;jzifh tm½Hkü jzpfjcif;udk jyaomyk'f jzpf\/ ar-onf rdrdudk,f rdrdjyaomyk'f jzpf\/ okwH-onf w&m;udk jyaomyk'f jzpfonf/
txl;xl; tjym;jym;tm;jzifh tm½Hküjzpfaom 0dnmP0Dxdjzifh wynfhawmfonf wpfyg;aomtrIudk jyKtyfonfr[kwf? þtrIudk jyKtyf\/ þw&m;udk emMum;tyf\/ þum; þ]]{0H ar okwH}} - [laom 0gusü vdk&if;tcsKyf jzpfygonf/
xdkYjyif {0H-onf ñTefjyzG,f&Sdaom "r®udk jyaomyk'f jzpf\/ ar-onf yk*¾dKvfudk jyaom yk'f jzpf\/ okwH-onf yk*¾dKvfudpöudk jyaom yk'f jzpfonf/ qdkvdk&if;um; - wynfhawmf ñTefjyrnfhokwfudk wynfhawmf þodkY Mum;emcJh& yg\ - [lí jzpf\/
xdkrSwpfyg; {0H-onf tMuifpdwftpOf\ trsKd;rsKd;jzpfjcif;jzifh txl;xl;aom teufo'´gudk ,ljcif; jzpfonf/ xdkpdwftpOf\ trsKd;rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mrsm;udk jyaomo'´g jzpf\/ rSef\? {0H-[laom þynwfonf tjcif;t&mudk jyaom tmum&ynwf jzpf\/ ar-onf uwåm;udkjyaom o'´g jzpf\/ okwH-onf tm½Hkudk jyaom o'´g jzpf\/ {0H ar okwH-oHk;yk'fjzifh txl;xl;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh jzpfaom pdwftpOfjzifh xdkpdwftpOfESifh jynfhpHkaom uwåm;\ tm½Hkudk ,ljcif;ü qHk;jzwfjcif;udk jyKtyfNyD;jzpfavonf/

yk*¾vudpöudk jyjcif;

wpfenf;um; - {0H-onf yk*¾dKvf\ udpöudk jyaom o'´g jzpf\/ okwH-onf 0dnmOf\ udpöudk jyaom o'´g jzpf\/ ar-onf az:jyyg udpöESpfrsKd;ESifh ,SOfaom yk*¾dKvfudk jyaom o'´g jzpf\/ þ ]]{0H ar okwH}}[laom 0gusü qdkvdk&if; tcsKyfum;-Mum;jcif;udpö&Sdonfh? 0dnmOfESifh jynfhpHkaom yk*¾dKvfjzpfonfh wynfhawmfonf &tyfaom Mum;jcif;udpö&Sd\[k qdktyfaom 0dnmOf\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh Mum;emcJh&ygonf - [lí jzpfavonf/

ynwfponfudk jyjcif;

xdk ]]{0H ar okwH}}[laom 0gusü {0H - [laom ynwf? ar - [laom ynwfwdkYonf rSefuefaom oabm? razmufjyefaom oabmtm;jzifh xif&Sm;r&Sdaom t0dZÆrmeynwf jzpf\/ xdkpum; rSef\? þ ]]{0H ar okwH}}[laom yk'fwdkY\teufü {0H-[lívnf;aumif;? ar-[lí vnf;aumif; ñTefjyjcif;udk &&Sdxdkufaom w&m;oabmonf y&rw¬tm;jzifh tb,frSm&Sd tHhenf;? okwH-[laom ynwfonf xif&Sm;&Sdaom 0dZÆrme ynwf jzpf\/ xdkpum; rSef\? þokwHyk'f\ teufü aomw'Gg&jzifh &&Sdtyfaom o'´g½Hkonf y&rw¬tm;jzifh xif&Sm;&Sd\/
xdkYjyif {0H-[laom ynwf? ar-[laom ynwfwdkYonf xdkxdk taMumif;t&mudk tpGJjyKí ajymqdktyfaomaMumifh Oyg'gynwfrnf\/ okwH [laom ynwfum; 'd|ponfwdkYudk axmufqí ajymqdktyfaomaMumifh Oyed"mynwfrnf\/
qufOD;tHh? þ ]]{0H ar okwH}} [laom 0gusü {0H - [laom pum;jzifh jyif;pGm rawGa0jcif;udk jy\/ xdkpum; rSef\? jyif;pGm awGa0aom olonf txl;xl; tjym;jym;tm;jzifh xdk;xGif;í odjcif;iSm rpGrf;Edkifacs/ okwH - [laom pum;jzifh em,ltyfaompum;\ raysmufysufjcif;udk jy\/ xdkpum; rSef\? tMuifol\ em,ltyfaompum;onf aysmufysufoGm;\/ xdkolonf wpfyg;aom umvü ]]uREfkyf em,lcJhygonf}} [lí 0efrcHEdkifacs/
þodkYvQif xdkt&SiftmeE´mtm; jyif;pGm rawGa0jcif;jzifh ynmNyD; ajrmufjcif; jzpf\/ rarhaysmufjcif;jzifhum; owdNyD;ajrmufrI jzpf\/ xdkynmowdESpfyg;wdkYwGif ynma&SUoGm;&Sdaom owdjzifh o'´gudk ydkif;jcm; owfrSwf qHk;jzwfjcif;ü pGrf;Edkifonf\tjzpfonf NyD;ajrmuf\/ owd a&SUoGm;&Sdaom ynmjzifh teufudk xdk;xGif;í odjcif;ü pGrf;Edkifonf\ tjzpfonf NyD;ajrmuf\/ xdkESpfyg;pHkü pGrf;Edkifonf\ tjzpfESifh,SOfjcif;jzifh teufo'´gESifh jynfhpHkaom w&m;b@mwdkufudk apmifha&Smuf&ef pGrf;Edkifonfh tjzpfaMumifh w&m;b@mpdk; ("r®b@m*g&du)\tjzpf NyD;ajrmufjcif; jzpfavonf/

'Dyew¬udk wpfenf;jyjcif;

wpfenf;um; - {0H-[laom pum;jzifh oifhaomtm;jzifh ESvHk;oGif;jcif;-a,medaom reodum&udk jy\/ taMumif;um;-roifhaomtm;jzifh ESvHk;oGif;oltm; txl;xl;aom tjym;tm;jzifh xdk;xGif;í odjcif;rjzpfEdkif aomaMumifhwnf;/ okwH-[laompum;jzifh pdwfrysHUvGifhjcif;udkjy\/ taMumif;um;-pdwfysHUvGifholtm; Mum;emrIrjzpfEdkifaomaMumifhwnf;/xdkpum; rSef\? ysHUvGifhaom pdwf&Sdolonf tvHk;pHkaom jynfhpHkrIjzifh ajymqdktyf jim;aomfvnf; ]]ig rMum;vdkufyg? xyfajymMuygOD;}} [lí qdkwwf\/
qufOD;tHh? þESpfyg;wdkYwGif oifhaomtm;jzifh ESvHk;oGif;jcif; ]]a,medaom reodum&}}jzifh rdrdudk,frdrd aumif;pGmxdef;odrf;jcif; ]]twåor®myPd"d}}udk vnf;aumif;? a&S;üjyKzl;aom aumif;rI&Sdjcif; ]]ykaAÁ p uwyknwm}}udk vnf;aumif; NyD;ajrmufap\/ taMumif;um; - rdrdudk,frdrd aumif;pGm rxdef;odrf;oltm;vnf;aumif;? a&S;üjyKzl;aom aumif;rIr&Sdoltm;vnf; aumif; a,medaom reodum& rjzpfEdkifaomaMumifhwnf;/ pdwfrysHUvGifhjcif; jzifh olawmfaumif;w&m; Mum;em&jcif;udkvnf;aumif;? olawmfaumif;wdkYtm; rSD0Jqnf;uyf&jcif;udkvnf;aumif; NyD;ajrmufap\/ xdkpum; rSef\? ysHUvGifhaom pdwf&Sdolonf olawmfaumif;w&m;udk Mum;emjcif;iSm rpGrf;Edkif? olawmfaumif; wdkYudk rSD0Jqnf;uyfjcif; rjyKoltm;vnf; olawmfaumif;w&m; Mum;em&jcif; onf r&SdEdkifacs/

twåor®myPd"d-ponfudk jyjcif;

wpfenf;um; - ]]{0H - [laom o'´gonf tMuifpdwftpOf\ trsKd;rsKd; aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh jzpfjcif;aMumifh trsKd;rsKd;aom teufo'´gwdkYudk ,ljcif;onf jzpf\/ xdkpdwftpOf\ txl;xl;aom tjym;udk jyaom o'´g jzpf\}} [k qdkcJhjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? ,if;odkYaumif;jrwfaom tjcif;t&mrnf onfrSmvnf; rdrdudk,frdrd aumif;pGm xdef;odrf;rI r&Sdol? a&SUujyKcJhaom aumif;rIr&SdolwdkYtm; rjzpfEdkifaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; {0H-[laom þo'´gjzifh aumif;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh rdrd\ twåor®myPd"d ykaAÁ p uwyknwm - [laom aemufpufESpfyg;ESifh jynfhpHkjcif;udk jyawmfrl\/ okwH-[laom o'´gjzifh Mum;emrIESifh ,SOfjcif;tm;jzifh y#d½lya'o0go? oyÜK&dolyedó, [laom a&SUpufESpfyg;ESifh jynfhpHkjcif;udk jyawmfrl\/ okwH-[laom o'´gjzifh Mum;emrIESifh ,SOfjcif;tm;jzifh y#d½lya'o0go? oyÜK&dolyedó, [laom a&SUpufESpfyg;ESifh jynfhpHkjcif;udk jyawmfrl\/ xdkpum; rSef\? roifhavsmfaomt&yfü aeol? olawmfaumif;wdkYudk rSD0Jqnf;uyf &jcif;rS uif;olwdkYtm; olawmfaumif;w&m;wdkYudk Mum;em&jcif;onf r&SdEdkifacs/
þodkYvQif xdkt&SiftmeE´mtm a&SUpufESpfyg;\ jynfhpHkjcif;aMumifh tmo,1pifMu,frI\ NyD;jcif;onf jzpf\/ aemufpufESpfyg;\ jynfhpHkjcif; aMumifh ya,m*2pifMu,frI\ NyD;jcif;onf jzpf\/ tmo,pifMu,fjcif; aMumifhvnf; xdk;xGif;í odtyfaom r*fzdkvfü uRrf;usifrI\ NyD;pD;jcif;onf jzpf\/ ya,m*\ pifMu,fjcif;aMumifhvnf; y&d,wfü uRrf;usifrI\ NyD;pD;jcif; onf jzpf\/
þodkYvQif ya,m*? tmo,ESpfyg;pHk pifMu,fjcif;&Sdaom? tm*r t"d*rESpfyg;vHk;ESifhvnf; jynfhpHkaom xdkt&SiftmeE´mrax&f\ {0H ar okwH - paom ed'gef;pum;onf jrwfpGmbk&m; pum;awmf\ a&S;ajy;jzpfjcif;iSm xdkufwefay\/ Oyrm - t½kPfwufvmjcif;onf aexGufvmjcif;\ a&SUajy; jzpfouJhodkYvnf;aumif;? a,medaom reodum&onf ukodkvfuH\ a&SUajy; jzpfouJhodkYvnf;aumif; rSwf,ltyfayonf/
þodkY oifhavsmf&mXmeü ed'gef;udk xm;awmfrlvdkonfjzpfí {0H ar okwH-tp&Sdaom pum;udk t&SiftmeE´mu rdefYqdkawmfrlcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/

y#dorÇd'gav;yg;udk jyjcif;

aemufwpfenf;um; - txl;xl;aom tjym;tm;jzifh xdk;xGif;í odjcif;udk jywwfonfh {0H-[laom pum;jzifh t&SiftmeE´monf rdrd\ tw¬y#dorÇd'g? y#dbmey#dorÇd'gwdkYESifh jynfhpHkjcif;udk jyawmfrl\/ Mum;emxdkufaom w&m; txl;tjym;udk xdk;xGif;í odjcif;udk jywwfonfh okwH-[laom pum;jzifh rdrd\ "r®y#dorÇd'g? ed½kwådy#dorÇd'gwdkYESifh jynfhpHkjcif;udk jyawmfrl\/
qufOD;tHh? a,medaomreodum&udk jywwfonfh {0H-[laom pum;udk qdkaom t&SiftmeE´monf ]]þw&m;wdkYudk igonf pdwfjzifh tzefzef qifjciftyfNyD;jzpf\/ ÓPfjzifhvnf; aumif;pGmxdk;xGif;í odtyfNyD;jzpf\ [laom t"dyÜg,fudk jyawmfrl\/
Mum;emrIESifh ,SOfjcif;udk jywwfonfh okwH-[laom pum;udk qdkaom t&SiftmeE´monf ]]rsm;pGmaom w&m;wdkYudk wynfhawmf Mum;emcJh\/ aqmifxm;cJh\/ EIwfjzifh avhusufxm;cJh\}}[laom t"dyÜg,fudk jyawmfrlonf/ ,if;pum;ESpf&yfvHk;jzifhvnf; teufo'´gESifh jynfh0yHkudk az:jyvsuf Mum;emrIü ½dkaoav;pm;jcif;udk jzpfap\/ xdkpum; rSef\? teufo'´gESifh jynfhpHkaom w&m;udk ½dkaopGm rMum;emolonf rsm;pGmaom tpD;tyGm;rS tjyifodkY a&mufaeoljzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh ½dkaoav;pm;jcif;udk jzpfapí þw&m;udk aumif;rGefpGm em,lxdkufayonf/
xdkrSwpfyg; ]]{0H ar okwH}} [laom þpum;wpf&yfvHk;jzifh t&SiftmeE´m onf jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;tyfaom w&m;udk rdrdydkiftjzpfjzifh rxm;onf jzpfí toyÜK&doe,fajrudk ausmfvGef\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;\ wynfhom0u tjzpfudk 0efcHonfjzpfí oyÜK&doe,fajrodkY ouf0if\/
xdkYtwl rolawmfw&m;rS pdwfudk xajrmufap\? olawmfaumif; w&m;ü pdwfudk wnfap\/ ]]þw&m;udk wynfhawmfonf Mum;em½HkrQom jzpfygonf/ pifppf xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;\ pum;awmfomvQif jzpfyg\}} [k az:jyvsuf rdrdudk,frdrd twkjyKjcif;rS vGwfap\/ q&mudk ñTefjy\/ jrwfpGm bk&m;\ pum;awmfudk oufa&mufap\/ w&m;wnf;[laom enf;Oya'oudk wnfap\/

o'¨g,HkMunfrIudk jzpfyGm;apjcif;

wpfenf;um; - ]]{0H ar okwH}} (þodkY wynfhawmf Mum;emcJh& ygonf)[lí rdrdjzpfaptyfonf\tjzpfudk 0efrcHbJ a&S;u&Sdonfhtwdkif; Mum;em&cJhjcif;udk az:jyaom t&SiftmeE´monf ]]a0om&ZÆÓPfav;yg;jzifh &GH&Smjcif;uif;awmfrlNyD;aom? ÓPtm;q,fyg;udk aqmifawmfrlaom? jrwfaomt&mü wnfawmfrlaom? jcaoFhrif;uJhodkY &J&ifhaom pum;udk >rufMum;awmfrlwwfaom? owå0gtm;vHk;wGif tjrwfqHk;jzpfawmfrlaom? w&m;&Sifjzpfawmfrlaom? w&m;rif;jzpfawmfrlaom? w&m;\ tBuD;tuJ jzpfawmfrlaom? w&m;wnf;[laom qDrD;wefaqmif&Sdawmfrlaom? w&m;[laom vJavsmif;&m&Sdawmfrlaom? w&m;[laom pMum&wemudk vnfapawmfrlwwf aom? w&m;tm;vHk;udk razmufrjyef rSefpGm udk,fwdkifodjrifawmfrlaom xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;\ rsufarSmufrS þpum;awmfrsm;udk wynfhawmf em,l rSwfom;cJh&ygonf/ þpum;awmfrsm;ü teufygVdwdkYESifh ywfoufí vnf;aumif;? yk'fAsnf;wdkYESifh ywfoufívnf;aumif;? ,HkrSm;jcif;? awG;awmjcif;udk rjyKtyfay}}[lí ewfvltm;vHk;wdkYtm; þw&m;awmfü r,HkMunfrIudk ysufjym;ap\/ o'¨g,HkMunfrIESifh jynfhpHkjcif;udk jzpfyGm;ap\/ xdkYaMumifh--
]]{0H ar okwH-[k &Gwfqdkawmfrlaom a*gwrbk&m;&Sif\ wynfhjzpfawmfrlonfh t&SiftmeE´monf omoemawmfü rMunfndKrIudk ysufjym;apawmfrl\/ o'¨gMunfndKrIudk wdk;yGm;apawmfrl\}}
[laom þpum;udk qdktyfayonf/

or,-o'´g\ teufrsm;

({uH or,H b*0g paom ygVdü) {uH-o'´gonf ta&twGufjzifh ydkif;jcm;jcif;udk ñTefjyaom o'´g jzpf\/ or,H-onf ydkif;jcm;tyfaomt&mudk ñTefjyaom o'´g jzpf\/ {uH or,H-[laom yk'fESpfyk'ftaygif;um; rowfrSwftyfaom or,udk az:jyaomyk'frsm; jzpf\/ ,if;ESpfyk'fwGif yg0ifonfh or,-o'´gonf taMumif;nDñGwfjcif;? tcGifh? tcsdeftcg? taygif;? taMumif;? t,l? &&Sdjcif;? y,fjcif;? xdk;xGif;í odtyfaomoabm [laom teufwdkYü xif\/
xdkpum;udk csJUOD;tHh? ]]tayÜ0 emr aoGyd OyouFar,smr umvÍö or ,Íö Oyg'g,}} (tcsdeftcgudkvnf;aumif;? taMumif;nDñGwfjcif;udk vnf;aumif;? csifhcsdefí eufjzefüvnf; vmaumif;vmEdkifukef&m\) paom ygVdwdkYü or,o'´g\ taMumif;nDñGwfjcif; [laom or0g, teufonf xif\/
]]{aum0 acg bdu©a0 caPm p ora,m p jA[®p&d,0gom,}} (&[ef;wdkY...tusifhjrwfudk usifhoHk;&ef tcGifhtcgonf wpfckwnf;om jzpf\) paom ygVdwdkYü or,o'´g\ tcGifh-[laom cPteufonf xif\/
]]OPSora,m y&dVm[ora,m}} (ylaomtcg tdkufaomtcg)paom ygVdwdkYü or,o'´g\ tcsdeftcg-[laom umvteufonf xif\/
]]r[mora,m y0eo®ð}} (r[m0kefawmtkyfBuD;xJü rsm;pGmaom ewfjA[®mtaygif;onf jzpf\) paom ygVdwdkYü or,o'´g\ tpktaygif; [laom orl[teufonf xif\/
]]ora,myd acg aw b'´gvd tyÜ#d0da'¨g ta[mod}} (b'´gvd... oifonf taMumif;rSefudkvnf; rod? jrwfpGmbk&m;onf om0w¬djynfü aeawmfrl\/ ]]b'´gvdrnfaom &[ef;onf igbk&m;omoemü odu©moHk;yg;udk jznfhusifhjcif;r&Sd}} [lí jrwfpGmbk&m;uvnf; igYudk odawmfrlvdrfhrnf/ b'´gvd...oifonf þodkYaom taMumif;udkvnf; rodtyfonf jzpf\) tp&Sdaom ygVdwdkYüom or,o'´g\ taMumif;[laom a[wkteufonf xif\/
]]awe acg ye ora,e/y/ or,yÜ0g'au/y/ y#d0owd}} (xdktcg &[ef;OD;jynf;\ om;jzpfaom O*¾[rmernfaom y&dAdkZfonf t,l0g'rsm;udk NydKifqdkifajymqdk&mjzpfaom? wnfyifwef;wdkYjzifh um&Htyfaom? {uomvu rnfaom rv’dum\ t&Hü ae\) tp&Sdaom ygVdwdkYü or,o'´g\ t,l-[laom 'd|dteufonf xif\/
]]'da| "ar® p a,m taw¬m? a,m paw¬m orÜ&m,daum/
tw¬mbdor,m "Da&m? y@dawmwd y0kpöwd}}
(rsufarSmuftusKd;pD;yGm;? wrvGeftusKd;pD;yGm;[laom tusKd;pD;yGm; ESpfyg;udk &&Sdjcif;aMumifh ynm&Sdudk y@dwf[k qdktyf\) tp&Sdaom ygVdwdkYü or,o'´g\ &&Sdjcif;[laom y#dvmbteufonf xif\/
]]or®m rmembdor,m tEÅrumod 'ku©ó}} (aumif;pGm rmeudk y,fjcif;aMumifh 'ku©\ tqHk;udk jyKav\) tp&Sdaom ygVdwdkYü or,o'´g\ y,fjcif;[laom y[meteufonf xif\/
]]'ku©ó yDVea|m/y/ tbdor,a|m}} ('ku©\ ESdyfpufjcif; teuf oabm? jyKpD&iftyfaom teufoabm? ylyefjcif; teufoabm? azmufjyef ajymif;vJjcif; teufoabm? xdk;xGif;odtyfaom teufoabm)paom ygVdwdkYü or,o'´g\ xdk;xGif;í odtyfaomoabm[laom y#da0" teufonf xif\/
þ ]]{uH or,H}} [laom ygVdüum; or,o'´g\ tcsdefumv[laom teufonf xif\/ xdkor,o'´gjzifh ESpf? Owk? v? v0uf? n? aeY? eHeuf? aeYv,f? nae? nOD;,H? nv,f,H? rdk;aomuf,H tp&Sdonftm;jzifh umvtxl;tjym;jzpfaom tcsdeftcgwdkYwGif wpfckaom tcsdeftcgü - [lí az:jy\/

{uH or,H-jzifh jytyfaom t"dyÜg,f

xdk {uH or,H - [laom ygVdü ESpf? Owk tp&Sdaom tcsdeftcgwdkYwGif tMuiftMuifokwfudk tMuif tMuifESpf? Owk? v? yu©? ntzdkY? aeYtzdkYü a[mMum;tyf\/ xdktcsdeftcgtm;vHk;onf t&SiftmeE´mrax&ftm; aumif;pGm xif&Sm;onf jzpf\/ ynmjzifh aumif;pGmydkif;jcm; rSwfom;tyf onfom jzpf\/ odkYaomfvnf; ]]wynfhawmfonf þrnfaom ESpf? þrnfaom Owk? þrnfaom v? þrnfaom yu©? þrnfaom ntzdkY? þrnfaom aeYtzdkYü Mum;emcJh&ygonf}} [lí qdkcJhvQif vG,fulpGm aqmifjcif? &Gwfqdkjcif;? &Gwfqdkapjcif;iSm pGrf;Edkifrnf r[kwf? rsm;pGmvnf; qdk&rnf jzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh {uH or,H wpfyk'fwnf;jzifhomvQif xdkteuftm;vHk;udk aygif;í t&SiftmeE´mu rdefYqdkawmfrlcJhonf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh r,fawmf0rf;ü y#doaE¨aeaom tcsdef? zGm;jrifawmfrlaom tcsdef? oHa0*ÓPfjzpfay:aom tcsdef? awmxGufawmfrlaom tcsdef? 'kuú&p&d,m usifhawmfrlaom tcsdef? rm&fewfudk atmifjrifawmfrlaom tcsdef? opömav;yg;udk odjrifawmfrlaom tcsdef? rsufarSmufcsrf;omjzifh aeawmfrlaom tcsdef? w&m;a[mawmfrlaomtcsdef? y&dedAÁmefpHawmfrlaom tcsdef tp&Sdaom ewfvlwdkYü tvGefxif&Sm;ukefaom? rsm;pGmaom umv tjym;&Sdukefaom jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tcsdefumvwdkYwGif w&m;a[m&m tcsdef[k qdktyfaom wpfckaom tcsdefü [lí az:jyawmfrlonf/
xdkYjyif ÓPfawmfudpö jyK&mtcsdefESifh u½kPmudpö jyK&mtcsdefwdkYwGif u½kPmudpö jyK&mtcsdef? rdrdtpD;tyGm;udk usifh&mtcsdefESifh olwpfyg; tpD;tyGm;udk usifh&mtcsdefwdkYwGif olwpfyg;tpD;tyGm;udk usifh&mtcsdef? pnf;a0;olrsm; jyKoifhjyKxdkufonfh udpöESpfrsKd; wdkYwGif w&m;pum; a[majym&m tcsdef? w&m;a[m&m tcsdefESifh w&m;usifh&m tcsdefwdkYwGif w&m;a[m&mtcsdef [k qdktyfonfh wpfyg;aom tcsdefudk &nf&G,fívnf; {uH or,H - [k t&SiftmeE´mu rdefYqdkawmfrlcJhonf/

'kwd,m0dbwfjzifh qdkjcif;taMumif;

þae&mü ar;zG,f&Sd\/ tbd"r®yd#uü ]],o®ð ora, umrm0p&H}} [lívnf;aumif;? þ {uH or,H-rS wpfyg;aom okwfyk'fwdkYüvnf; ]],o®ð bdu©a0 ora,}} ponfjzifhvnf;aumif;? owårD0dbwfjzifh ñTefjyjcif; jyKawmfrlouJhodkYvnf;aumif;? 0de,yd#uü ]]awe ora,e Aka'¨g b*0g}} [lí u½dkPf;0dbwfjzifh ñTefjyjcif;jyKouJhodkYvnf;aumif;? xdkYtwl þjA[®Zmvokwfü tb,fhaMumifh owårD0dbwf? u½dkPf;0dbwfwdkYjzifh ñTefjyjcif; rjyKbJ {uH or,H-[lí 'kwd,m0dbwfjzifh ñTefjyjcif; jyKawmfrlcJhyg oenf;? þum; ar;cGef; jzpf\/
tajzum;-xdktbd"r®yd#uESifh tjcm;okwfyk'fwdkYü owårD0dbwfjzifh vnf;aumif;? þjA[®Zmvokwf ed'gef;ü wpfyg;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh vnf;aumif;? teufjzpfoifhaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; 'kwd,m0dbwfjzifh ñTefjyjcif;jzpf\[lí ajzqdk&rnf jzpfygonf/
csJUOD;tHh? tbd"r®yd#uESifh tjcm;okwfyk'fwdkYü t"du&PteufESifh bma0ebm0vu©Pteuf1onf jzpfoifh\/ xdkpum; rSef\? umvteuf jzpfaom or,ESifh orl[teufjzpfaom or,wdkYonf xdkxdktbd"r®yd#u ESifh tjcm;okwfyk'fwdkYü a[mMum;tyfaom w&m;wdkY\wnf&m jzpf\? cP? or0g,? a[wk-[kqdktyfaom or,\ jzpfjcif; ud&d,mjzifhvnf; xdkzó paom w&m;wdkY\ jzpfjcif;ud&d,mudk rSwfom;tyf\/ xdkYaMumifh tqdkyg t"du&Pteuf? bma0ebm0vu©PteufwdkYudk xGef;jy&ef tvdkYiSm xdkt&mwdkYü owårD0dbwfjzifh ñTefjyjcif;udk jyKtyfayonf/
0de,yd#uüum; [dwfteufESifh u½dkPf;teufonf jzpfoifh\/ xdkpum; rSef\? tMuifodu©myk'fynwf&mtcgudk t&Sifom&dykwå&m ponfwdkYonfyif odEdkifcJ\/ taMumif;[dwfjzpfaom xdktcgaMumifh odu©myk'fudk ynwf&ef taMumif;udk iJhawmfrlvsufvnf;aumif;? u½dkPf; jzpfaom xdktcgjzifh odu©myk'fwdkYudk ynwfawmfrlvsufvnf;aumif; jrwfpGm bk&m;onf xdkxdkt&yfü aeawmfrlcJh\/ odkYjzpfí xdk[dwfteuf? u½dkPf; teufwdkYudk xGef;jy&eftvdkYiSm 0de,yd#uü awe ora,e-[k u½dkPf; 0dbwfjzifh ñTefjyjcif;udk jyKawmfrlonf/
þjA[®Zmvokwfed'gef;ESifh tjcm; tvm;wl t&mwdkYüum; tpöEÅoHa,m* teufonf2 jzpfoifh\/ xdkpum; rSef\? jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tMuif umvywfvHk; þjA[®Zmvokwfudkaomfvnf;aumif;? tjcm;aom okwåefudk aomfvnf;aumif; a[mMum;awmfrlonf/ xdkumvywfvHk; tqufrjywf u½kPm0d[m&jzifhom aeawmfrl\/ odkYjzpfí xdkteuft"dyÜg,fudk xGef;jy&eftvdkYiSm þjA[®Zmvokwfed'gef;ü {uH or,H-[k 'kwd,m0dbwfjzifh ñTefjyjcif;udk jyKawmfrlavonf/
odkYjzpfjcif;aMumifh - ]]wpfyg;aom t&mwdkYü xdkxdkteufrsm;udk iJhí owårD0dbwf? u½dkPf;0dbwfwdkYjzifh or,o'´gudk qdktyf\/ þae&müum; tpöEÅoHa,m*teufudk iJhí or,o'´gudk qdktyf\}} [laom þtcsKyfpum;udk qdktyfayonf/ a&S;q&mwdkYurl ]]wo®ð ora,? awe ora,e? {uH or,H- [laom pum;rsm;rSm o'´gtm;jzifhomvQif uGJjym;ukef\/ ,if;pum; tm;vHk;ü owårDteufom jzpf\}}[k zGifhqdkawmfrlMu\/ xdkYaMumifh ]]{uH or,H}}[k qdkaomfvnf; ]]{uo®ð ora,}} (wpfyg;aom tcgü) [laom teufudkomvQif odtyfayonf/

b*0g-yk'f\ tzGifh

b*0g-[lonf tav;jyKxdkufaom yk*¾dKvf jzpf\/ xdkpum; rSef\? tav;jyKxdkufaom yk*¾dKvfudk avmuü b*0g-[k qdkMu\/ þjrwfpGm bk&m;onfvnf; tvHk;pHkaom *kPfwdkYjzifh xl;jcm;onf\ tjzpfaMumifh owå0gtm;vHk;wdkY tav;jyKxdkufaom yk*¾dKvf jzpfawmfrl\/ xdkYaMumifh b*0g-[k odtyfayonf/ a&S;q&mwdkYuvnf; -
]]b*0g-[laom o'´gonf txl;ojzifh csD;rGrf;tyfaom o'´g jzpf\/ b*0g-[laom o'´gonf jrwfaom o'´g jzpf\/ tav;jyKxdkufaom *kPfwdkYESifh ,SOfjcif;aMumifh xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;udk b*0g-[k qdktyfay\}}
[laom þpum;udk rdefYqdkcJhMuay\/
wpfenf;um; - ]]bm*s0g b*¾0g ,kawåm}}tp&Sdaom *gxm\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh þb*0gyk'f\ teufudk tus,ftm;jzifh odtyf\/ xdkteuf us,fudkvnf; 0dok'¨dr*f? Ak'¨gEkówdeda'´oü jyqdkxm;NyD; jzpfayonf/
txufyg *gxm\ t"dyÜg,fum; - jrwfpGmbk&m;onf bkef;uHyg&rD&Sd awmfrl\/ udavomwdkYudk csKd;zsufNyD;jzpfawmfrl\/ £ó&d,-ponfh bkef;awmfajcmufyg;wdkYESifh ,SOfawmfrl\/ ukodkvftp&Sdaom w&m;wdkYudk a0zef a[mMum;awmfrlwwf\/ psmef r*fzdkvf w&m;jrwfwdkYudk rSD0Jawmfrlwwf\/ b0oHo&mü ajy;oGm;usifvnfaMumif;jzpfaom wPSmudk axG;tef (pGefYy,f) awmfrlNyD;jzpf\/ þtaMumif;rsm;aMumifh b*0g-rnfawmfrl\[k qdkvdkygonf/

ork'g,w¬udk jyjcif;

qufOD;tHh? þjA[®Zmvokwfed'gef;ü þrQtwdkif;t&Snf&Sdonfh {0H ar okwH-[laom pum;jzifh t&SiftmeE´monf rdrdMum;emcJh&onfhtwdkif; jzpfaom w&m;udk jyvsuf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ "r®um,tm; rsufarSmufjyKawmf rl\/ xdkodkY rsufarSmufjyKjcif;jzifh ]]þjrwfpGmbk&m;\ pum;awmfonf uG,fvGefNyD;aom q&m&Sdonfr[kwf? þw&m;awmfonf oifwdkY\ q&m jzpf\}}[lí jrwfpGmbk&m;udk rzl;jrif&jcif;aMumifh NiD;aiGUpdwfysufaeaom vltaygif;tm; oufom&m &apawmfrl\/
]]{uH or,H b*0g}}[laom pum;jzifh oH*g,emwifcsdefü jrwfpGm bk&m;\ xif&Sm;&SdawmfrrlawmhaMumif;udk jyvsuf ½lyum,\ y&dedAÁmef pH0ifawmfrljcif;udk NyD;apawmfrl\/ ,if;odkY NyD;apjcif;jzifh ]]þodkY oabm&Sdonfh t&d,"r®udk a[mMum;awmfrlwwfaom? tm;q,fyg;udk aqmifawmfrlaom? 0Zd&pdefwHk;ESifh wlonfhudk,f&Sdawmfrlaom xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;onfyif y&dedAÁmef jyKawmfrl&ao;\/ tjcm;b,folonf toufü awmifhwjcif;udk jzpfaptyf rnfenf;}}[lí touf&Sifjcif;ü rmef,pfaeaom vltaygif;udk xdwfvefY apawmfrl\/ xdkvltaygif;tm; olawmfaumif;w&m;ü tm;xkwfjcif;udkvnf; jzpfapawmfrl\/
qufOD;tHh? t&SiftmeE´monf {0H-[kqdkvsuf a'oemawmf\ jynfhpHkjcif;udk jyKawmfrl\/ ar okwH-[kqdkvsuf Mum;emol\ jynfhpHkjcif;udk jyawmfrl\/ {uH or,H-[kqdkvsuf tcsdeftcg\ jynfhpHkjcif;udk jyawmfrl\/ b*0g-[k qdkvsuf a[mMum;aom yk*¾dKvf\ jynfhpHkjcif;udk jyawmfrl\/

tEÅ&m-o'´g\ teufrsm;

tEÅ&m p &mZ*[H tEÅ&m p emVE´H - [laom ygXfü tEÅ&m-o'´gonf taMumif;? cP? pdwf? tv,f? tMum; paom teufwdkYü xif\/
csJUOD;tHh? ]]w'EÅ&H aum Zmae,s tnMw wxm*wm}} (jrwfpGmbk&m;rS wpfyg; xdktaMumif;udk tb,fol odrnfenf;) ]]Zem o*Fr® raEÅEÅd? rÍö wÍö udrEÅ&H}} (vlwdkYonf pka0;í wynfhawmfESifh t&Sifbk&m;udk wD;wdk; ajymqdkaeMuygonf/ b,fvdktaMumif;ygvJ)paom ygVdwdkYü tEÅ&m o'´gonf taMumif;[laom teufü xif\/
]]t'´o rH baEÅ tnw&m £w¬D 0dZÆEÅ&dum, bmZeH a"m0EÅD}} (t&Sifbk&m;...rdef;rwpfa,mufonf vQyfpD;vufqJcPü wynfhawmfudk jrifoGm;ygonf)paom ygVdwdkYü tEÅ&mo'´gonf cP[laom teufü xif\/
]],óEÅ&awm e oEÅd aumyg}} (tMuifyk*¾dKvf\ pdwfü pdwfudk zsufqD;wwfaom udavomwdkYonf r&Sdukef)paom ygVdwdkYü tEÅ&mo'´g onf pdwf-[laomteufü xif\/
]]tEÅ&m a0gomermyg'd}} (tv,fü NyD;qHk;jcif;odkY a&mufav\) paom ygVdwdkYü tEÅ&mo'´gonf tv,f-[laom teufü xif\/
]]tyd pm,H bdu©a0 wayg'g 'dGEéH r[med&,meH tEÅ&dum, tm*päwd}} (&[ef;wdkY...pifppf þwayg'gjrpfonf i&JBuD;ESpfckwdkY\ Mum;jzifh pD;vm\) paom ygVdwdkYü tEÅ&mo'´gonf tMum;-[laom teufü xif\/
þae&mum; tEÅ&mo'´gonf tMum;[laom teufü jzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh &mZN*dK[fNrdKU\vnf;aumif;? emVE´mNrdKU\vnf;aumif; tMum;ü-[laom teufudk odtyf\/ txl;um; tEÅ&mo'´gESifh ,SOfjcif;aMumifh &mZ*[H - emVE´Hyk'fwdkYü 'kwd,m0dbwf oufxm;\/
qufOD;tHh? þodkYaom t&mwdkYü o'´gq&mwdkYonf ]]tEÅ&m *grÍö e'dÍö ,mwd}} (&GmESifhjrpfMum;wdkY\ tMum;ü oGm;\) [lí tEÅ&mo'´gwpfyk'f wnf;udkomvQif ,SOfapMuukef\/ xdkwpfyk'fwnf;aom tEÅ&mo'´gudk e'dÍö[laom 'kwd,yk'fESifhvnf; ,SOfpyftyf\/ þodkY r,SOfpyfvQif 'kwd,m 0dbwfonf e'Dyk'fodkY ra&mufEdkifacs/ odkYaomf þae&mum; emVE´H-[laom 'kwd,yk'fESifh ,SOfpyfíom rdefYqdkxm;avonf/

t'¨ger*¾-ponfwdkY\ tzGifh

t'¨ger*¾yÜ#dyaEém a[mwd-[lonf t"GefY[k qdktyfaom c&D;udk <uoGm;awmfrl\/ &Snfaom c&D;udk <uoGm;awmfrl\-[k qdkvdkygonf/ xdkpum; rSef\? t"GefY&Snfaom c&D;udk oGm;&mtcg\ teufudk zGifhqdkaom bdu©K0dbif;ü ]],lZem0ufc&D;udk oGm;tHh[k ESvHk;oGif;í *PabmZOfudk pm;tyf\}}[k qdkjcif;aMumifh ,lZem0ufonfvnf; t"GefY&Snfaom c&D;yif jzpf\/ odkYaomf &mZN*dK[frS emVE´mum; wpf,lZemc&D; jzpfayonf/
r[wm bdu©KoHaCe o'¨ð-[laom ygXfü *kPftm;jzifh jrwfjcif; aMumifhvnf; r[wm-[k qdktyf\/ ta&twGuftm;jzifh rsm;jcif;aMumifhvnf; r[wm-[k qdktyf\/ csJUOD;tHh? xdk&[ef;taygif;onf tvdkenf;jcif;paom *kPfwdkYESifh jynfhpHkjcif;aMumifh *kPftm;jzifhvnf; jrwf\? ig;&mta&twGuf&Sd jcif;aMumifh ta&twGuftm;jzifhvnf; rsm;\? &[ef;wdkY\ taygif;onf bdu©KoHCrnf\? t,loDv wlrQonf\ tjzpfjzifh aygif;pktyfaom &[ef; taygif;[k qdkvdk\/ o'¨ð-[lonf twlwuG[k qdktyf\/
yÍörawå[d bdu©Koaw[d-[laom ygXfü ig;cktwdkif;t&Snf &SdaomaMumifh yÍörwå - rnf\/ rwå-[lonf twdkif;t&SnfyrmPudk qdkvdk\/ ]]abmZae rwånL}}[kqdk&mwGif abmZOfü twdkif;t&Snf yrmPudk od\ - [laom teufonf jzpfouJhodkY xdkYtwl þae&müvnf; xdk&[ef; wpf&mwdkY\ ig;vDtwdkif;t&Snf[laom teufudk rSwftyf\/ &[ef;wdkY\ wpf&mwdkYonf bdu©Kowrnf\/ ig;vDtwdkif;t&Snf&Sdaom xdk&[ef; t&mwdkYESifh-[k qdkvdk\/

okyÜd,y&dAdkZf

okyÜda,myd acg y&dAÁmZaum-[laom ygVdü okyÜda,m-[lonf xdky&dAdkZf\ emrnf jzpf\/ yd-o'´gonf c&D;oGm;olcsif; oabmwlonf\ tjzpfaMumifh yk*¾dKvfudk aygif;pnf;jcif;teuf&Sd\/ acg-o'´gum; yk'fpyfjcif;udk jyKaom o'´g jzpfonf/ o'´gajyjypf½HkrQ\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh acg-o'´gudk qdkxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ y&dAÁmZu-[lonf odÍÆnf;q&mBuD;\ wynfh t0wf 0wfaom y&dAdkZfwpfOD; jzpfonf/ xdkt"GefY&Snfaom c&D;udk jrwfpGmbk&m; <uoGm;aomtcg okyÜd,rnfaom y&dAdkZfonfvnf; xdkc&D;udk oGm;cJhavonf [k qdkvdkygonf/ xdkpum; rSef\? þ0gusü a[mwd-o'´gonf twdwf umvteufudk a[m\/

rmP0o'´g\ teuf

o'¨ð taEÅ0godem jA[®'awåe rmPa0e-[laom ygXfü teD;ü aewwfaomaMumifh taEÅ0goD-rnf\/ q&m\ teD;tyg;ü aewwfaom twGif;wynfh[k qdkvdk\/ jA[®'wå-[lonf xdkvkvif\ emrnf jzpf\/ owå0gudkvnf;aumif;? cdk;oludkvnf;aumif;? vkvifysKdudkvnf;aumif; rmP0[k ac:\/ csJUOD;tHh?
]]apm'dwm a'0'law[d? a, yrZÆEÅd rmP0g/
aw 'DC&wåH aompEÅd? [Deum,ly*g e&m}}
tp&Sdaom ygVdwdkYü owå0gudk rmP0[k qdk\/ xdk*gxm\ teufum; - ewfwrefwdkYu wdkufwGef; EdI;aqmftyfygvsuf arhavsmhaeaom owå0gwdkYonf ,kwfnHhaom bHkodkY a&mufoGm;NyD; umvMumjrifhpGm pdk;&drfylyefí aeMu&ukef\[k qdkvdkygonf/
]]rmPa0[dyd orm*päEÅd uwuar®[dyd tuwuar®[dyd}} (cdk;,lrI jyKvkyfNyD;aom cdk;ol? rjyKvkyf&ao;aom cdk;olwdkYESifhvnf; awGUqHkrdukef\) paom ygVdwdkYü cdk;oludk rmP0[k qdk\/
]]trÁa|m rmPa0g t*Faum rmPa0g}} (trÁ|rnfaomvkvif? t*Furnfaom vkvif) paom ygVdwdkYü vkvifysKdudk rmP0[k ac:onf/
þae&müvnf; þvkvifysKd[laom teufyif jzpf\/ jA[®'wå rnfaom vkvifysKdwynfhESifh twl oGm;cJh\-[k qdkvdkygonf/

y&d,m,o'´g\ teuf

wMw-xdkt"GefY&Snfaom c&D;ü odkYr[kwf xdkq&mwynfhESpfOD;wdkYwGif[k qdkvdkygonf/ ok'H-um; edygwfrQom jzpf\/ taeuy&d,ma,e-[laom yk'fü yg0ifaom y&d,m,-o'´gonf tvSnfhtBudrf? w&m;a'oem? taMumif; [laom teufwdkYü jzpf\/
csJUOD;tHh? ]]uó Ek acg tmeE´ tZÆ y&d,ma,m bdu©Keda,m Mo0'dwHk}} (tmeE´m...bdu©KeDwdkYudk qHk;r&ef ,aeY b,f&[ef;\ tvSnfh jzpfoenf;) paom ygVdwdkYü y&d,m,o'´gonf tvSnfhtBudrf-[laom teufü jzpf\/
]]r"kyd@duy&d,ma,mawG0 eH "ma&[d}} (þokwåefudk r"kyd@du a'oem[líomvQif rSwfom;avmh)paom ygVdwdkYü y&d,m,o'´gonf w&m;a'oem[laom teufü jzpfonf/
]]£rdemyd acg &mZn y&d,ma,e {0H a[mwk}} (yg,modrif;... þtaMumif;tm;jzifhvnf; oifhtm; þodkY jzpfygap) paom ygVdwdkYü y&d,m,o'´gonf taMumif;[laom teufü jzpf\/
xdky&d,m,o'´gonf þae&müvnf; taMumif;[laom teufü jzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh þtaeuy&d,ma,e-[laom yk'fü wpfyg;ruaom taMumif;jzifh-[laom teufudk rSwftyf\/ rsm;pGmaom taMumif;wdkYjzifh[k qdkvdk\/

okyÜd,u uJh&JUyHk

Ak'¨ó t0PÖH bmowd-[lonf tjypfrS uif;aom? rEdIif;,SOf tyfonfh *kPfaus;Zl;wdkYESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;\aomfrSyif (aus;Zl;rJhudk ajymqdk\)/
]]avmuü touftm;jzifh BuD;olwdkYtay:0,f jyKvkyftyfonfh &Sdcdk;jcif;paom tMuift½dktaojyKjcif;udk nDñGwfrI\ t&om[k qdktyf\/ xdknDñGwfrI\ t&omonf &[ef;a*gwrtm; r&Sd? xdkYaMumifh &[ef; a*gwronf omr*¾D&o uif;rJhol jzpf\/ omr*¾D&oudk rcHpm;wwfol jzpf\/ tud&d,0g'&Sdol jzpf\/ Oapä'0g'&Sdol jzpf\/ avmu0wfudk pufqkyfol jzpf\/ BuD;jrwfolwdkYtm; ylavmifapol jzpf\/ avmu0wfudk zsufqD;ol jzpf\/ ewfjynfESifha0;ol jzpf\/ &[ef;a*gwrtm; vlwdkY\ ukodkvfur®yx w&m;q,fyg;xuf omvGefaom t&d,tjzpfodkY a&mufapEdkifaom ÓPf tjrifxl;onf r&Sd? &[ef;a*gwronf MuHpnfjcif;jzifh yGwfwdkuftyfaom qifjcifrIjzifh tzefzefoHk;oyftyfaom? tvdktavsmuf xifjrifvmaom w&m;udk a[mMum;\/ &[ef;a*gwronf tvHk;pHkudk odjrifol r[kwf? avmuudk odjrifol r[kwf? twkrJhyk*¾dKvf r[kwf? jrwfaom tvSLudk cHxdkufol r[kwf}}
okyÜd,y&dAdkZfonf þodkYvQif r[kwfrSefaom xdkxdktaMumif;rsm;udkyif [kwfrSefaom taMumif;[k qdkí xdkxdktjcif;t&mrsm;jzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;\ aus;Zl;rJh? tjypf? uJh&JUpum;rsm;udk ajymqdkavonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ aus;Zl;rJhudk ajymqdkouJhodkYyif ]]&[ef;a*gwr\ w&m;onf raumif;ojzifh a[mMum;tyfaom w&m; jzpf\/ raumif;ojzifh odaptyfaom w&m; jzpf\/ 'ku©rS vGwfajrmufapEdkifaom w&m;r[kwf? Nidrf;at;jcif;udk jzpfapEdkifaom w&m;r[kwf}} [lí taMumif;r[kwf onfudkyif taMumif;[kwf\[k ajymqdkNyD; w&m;awmf\ aus;Zl;rJhudkvnf; xdkxdktjcif;t&mrsm;jzifh uJh&JUajymqdk\/
w&m;awmf\ aus;Zl;rJhudk ajymqdkouJhodkYyif ]]&[ef;a*gwr\ wynfh taygif;onf azmufjyefpGm usifh\? aumufauGUpGm usifh\? tusifhjrwfESifh qefYusifaom tusifhudk usifh\/ olawmfaumif;w&m;ESifh ravsmfaom tusifhudk usifh\/ avmukwå&mw&m;ESifh ravsmfaom tusifhudk usifh\}} [lí xdkxdk þþ r[kwfrSefaom taMumif;udkomvQif [kwfrSefaom taMumif;[k ajymqdkNyD; oHCmawmf\ aus;Zl;rJhudkvnf; xdkxdk tjcif;t&mrsm;jzifh uJh&JUajymqdk\/

jA[®'wåvkvifu csD;rGrf;yHk

okyÜd,y&dAdkZf\wynfh jA[®'wåvkvifurl (þodkYpOf;pm;\)/]]igwdkYq&monf roHk;oyfoifhonfudk oHk;oyf\/ reif;oifhonfudk eif;\/ wdkYq&monf rD;udk rsKdouJhodkYvnf;aumif;? vufjzifh oefvsufoGm;udk oHk;oyfouJhodkYvnf;aumif;? vufoD;jzifh jrif;rdk&fawmifudk azmufcGJvdkouJhodkY vnf;aumif;? vToGm;wef;ay:ü upm;ouJhodkYvnf;aumif;? rkef,dkaeaom qifMurf;BuD;udk vufjzifh udkifouJhodkYvnf;aumif;? csD;rGrf;xdkufonfomvQif jzpfaom &wemoHk;yg;\ aus;Zl;rJhudk ajymqdkvsuf tusKd;rJhysufpD;jcif;odkY a&muf&Smawmhrnf/
q&mu rpifudkjzpfap? rD;udkjzpfap? ql;udkjzpfap? a>ra[mufudkjzpfap eif;aomfvnf;aumif;? ql;ajimifhcvkwfudk wufrdaomfvnf;aumif; avmavmvwfvwf aoapEdkifonfhtqdyfudk pm;rdaomfvnf;aumif;? qm;cg;a&ay:ü acsmfvJaomfvnf;aumif;? e&ufacsmufxJodkY usaomf vnf;aumif; wynfhonf xdkq&m\ tjyKtrlrsm;udk twkvdkufí rjyKoifh/xdkpum; rSef\? owå0gwdkYonf uHomvQif udk,fydkifOpöm&Sdukef\/ rdrdwdkY\ uHtm; avsmfpGmomvQif a&mufoifh&mb0odkY a&mufMu&ukef\/ tzonf om;\ uHjzifh a&mufonfr[kwf? om;onfvnf; tz\uHjzifh a&mufonf r[kwf? trdonf om;\uHjzifh a&mufonfr[kwf? om;onfvnf; trd\uHjzifh a&mufonfr[kwf? armifonf ESr\uHjzifh a&mufonf r[kwf? ESronfvnf; armif\uHjzifh a&mufEdkifonfr[kwf? q&monf wynfh\ uHjzifh a&mufonfr[kwf? wynfhonfvnf; q&m\uHjzifh a&mufonf r[kwf? igYq&monf &wemoHk;yg;wdkY\ aus;Zl;rJhudk ajymqdkae\/ t&d,m yk*¾dKvfwdkYtm; uJh&JUpGyfpGJjcif;um; tjypfBuD;vS\}}
jA[®'wåvkvifonf þodkY oifhaom taMumif;tm;jzifh pOf;pm;qifjcifNyD; q&m\0g'udk eif;acsvsuf rSefuefaom taMumif;udkomvQif taMumif; jyvsuf trsKd;rsKd;aom taMumif;wdkYjzifh &wemoHk;yg;wdkY\ *kPfaus;Zl;udk ajymqdk&ef tm;xkwfavonf/ ynm&Sdaom trsKd;aumif;om;wpfOD; jyKrlouJhodkY jA[®'wåvkvifu jyKrljcif;yif jzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh ]]okyÜd,ó ye y&dAÁmZuó taEÅ0goD/y/ 0PÖH bmowd}} [lí (ygVdawmfü) qdkxm;avonf/

0PÖ-o'´g\ teufrsm;

txufygpum;&yfwGif yg0ifonfh 0PÖH-[laom yk'frS 0PÖo'´gonf toGiftjyif? trsKd;Zmwf? tqif;? taMumif;? t&G,fyrmP? *kPfaus;Zl;? csD;rGrf;jcif; paom teufwdkYü xif\/
xdkteufwdkYwGif ]]r[EÅH oyÜ&mZ0PÖH tbdedr®dedwGm}} (BuD;pGmaom a>rrif;\ toGifudk zefqif;í) paom ygVdwdkYü toGiftjyifudk 0PÖ[k qdk\/
]]jAm[®aPm0 aoa|m 0aPÖm? [Daem tanm 0aPÖm}} (ykPÖm;onf omvQif jrwfaom trsKd;Zmwf jzpf\? wpfyg;aom trsKd;Zmwfonf ,kwfnHh\ paom ygVdwdkYü trsKd;Zmwfudk 0PÖ[k qdk\/
]]y&rm, 0PÖaygu©&wm, orEém*awm}} (vGefjrwfaom tqif;\ aumif;jcif;ESifh jynfhpHk\) paom ygVdwdkYü tqif;udk 0PÖ[k qdk\/
]]e [&mrd e bÍÆmrd? tm&m odCFmrd 0g&dZH/
tx aue Ek 0aPÖe? *E¨aw¬aemwd 0kpöwd}}
tp&Sdaom ygVdwdkYü taMumif;udk 0PÖ[k qdk\/ *gxm\teufum; -
]]igonf a&üjzpfaom MumyGifhudk ,lvnf; ,lroGm;? csKd;vnf; rcsKd;? ta0;rS erf;½Hkom erf;\? odkYygvsuf tb,ftaMumif;aMumifh igYudk eHYomolcdk;[k qdktyfygoenf;}} [lí jzpf\/
]]wa,m ywåó 0PÖm}} (oydwf\ t&G,fyrmPwdkYonf oHk;rsKd;oHk;pm; &Sdukef\) paom ygVdwdkYü t&G,fyrmPudk 0PÖ[k qdk\/
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0denf;a'oemenf;ESifh okwåefa'oemenf;

3/ orÁ[kvmeH-[lonf rsm;pGmukefaom ([kqdkvdk\)/ xdkorÁ[kvmeHyk'fü 0denf;a'oemenf;tm;jzifh oHk;yg;aom &[ef;wdkYudk orÁ[kvm (rsm;pGm)[k qdktyfukef\/ xdkrS txufum; oHCm[k qdktyf\/ okwåefa'oemenf;tm; jzifhrl oHk;yg;aom &[ef;wdkYudk oHk;yg;[líyif qdktyfukef\/ oHk;yg;rSpí (txufudk) orÁ[kvm (rsm;pGm) [k qdktyfukef\/ þae&mü okwåefa'oem enf;tm;jzifh orÁ[kvm[lí odtyfukef\/
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odyHk jrifyHk trsKd;rsKd;

awe b*0wm Zmewm yówm-paom 0gusü þqdkvwåHUum; tusOf;csKyfxm;aom teuf jzpf\/
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wpfenf;um; ... ykaAÁed0go paom ÓPfwdkYjzifh odawmfrlaom? 'dAÁpu©Kjzifh jrifawmfrlaom? 0dZÆmoHk;yg;? tbdnmOfajcmufyg;wdkYjzifh odawmfrl aom? t&m&mü tqD;twm;r&Sdaom orEÅpu©Kjzifh jrifawmfrlaom? w&m;tm;vHk;udk odpGrf;Edkifaom ynmjzifh odawmfrlaom? owå0gtm;vHk;wdkY\ rsufpdt&mudk ausmfvGefonfh eH&Hwpfzuf ponfwdkYü wnfaom ½lyg½HkwdkYudkyif tvGefpifMu,faom rHopu©Kjzifh jrifawmfrlaom? rdrd\ tusKd;pD;yGm;udk NyD;apEdkifonfh orm"dvQif taMumif;cH&Sdaom y#da0"ynmjzifh odawmfrlaom? wpfyg;olwdkY\ tusKd;pD;yGm;udk NyD;apEdkifonfh u½kPmvQif taMumif;cH&Sd onfh a'oemynmjzifh jrifawmfrlaom ...
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owå0gtrsKd;rsKd;udk odjrifyHk

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(1) qGrf;rpm;rD jyKvkyftyfaom yka&bwåudpö
(2) qGrf;pm;NyD;aemuf jyKvkyftyfaom ypämbwåudpö
(3) nOD;,Hü jyKvkyftyfaom yk&dr,mrudpö
(4) oef;acgif,Hü jyKvkyftyfaom rZÑdr,mrudpö
(5) rdk;aomuf,Hü jyKvkyftyfaom ypädr,mrudpö
[lí ig;rsKd;&Sd\/

yka&bwåudpö

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qGrf;cHawmfrlyHk

(qGrf;tvdkYiSm 0if&müvnf;) wpfcgwpf&H yuwdtm;jzifh 0ifawmfrl\/ wpfcgwpf&H trsKd;rsKd;aom wefcdk;jym#d[mrsm; jzpfay:ukefvsuf 0ifawmfrl\/ trsKd;rsKd;aom wefcdk;jym#d[mrsm; jzpfay:yHkum;- qGrf;tvdkYiSm 0ifawmfrl aom jrwfpGmbk&m;\ a&SUrS a&SUrS oGm;í El;nHhpGm wdkufcwfaom avwdkYonf ajrjyifudk okwfoifukef\/ rdk;wdrfwdkufwdkYonf rdk;a&aygufrsm;udk vTwfay; ukefvsuf vrf;ü zkefrsm;udk wdwfapNyD; txufü rsufESmMuufjzpfí wnfukef\/ tjcm;aom avwdkYuvnf; yef;rsm;udk aqmif,lvmNyD; vrf;ay:ü jzefYMuJMu\/ jrifharmufaeaom ajrt&yfrsm; edrfhoGm;Muonf/ edrfhcsKdifhaeaom ajrt&yfrsm;uvnf; jrifhwufvmMuonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m; ajcawmfcsaom tcsdefü ajrjyifonf wnDwnf; jzpfoGm;\/ odkYr[kwf aumif;aom tawGU&Sdonfh y'kr®mMumyef;wdkYu bk&m;&Sif\ ajcawmfwdkYudk cHvifhukef\/
bk&m;&Sifonf NrdKUwHcg; &GmwHcg;cHk\twGif;odkY vuf,m ajcawmfudk csumrQü udk,fawmfrS ajcmufrsKd;aom tqif;&Sdaom a&mifjcnfawmfwdkY xGufay:vmNyD; a&T&nftvsOfwdkYuJhodkYvnf;aumif;? qef;Mu,faom t0wfwdkYjzifh um&HtyfouJhodkYvnf;aumif; jzpfukefvsuf jymom'f txGwfwyfaom taqmufttHkponfwdkYudk wefqmqifukefvsuf xdkrS þrS ajy;oGm; aeukef\/
qif? jrif;? iSufpaom owå0gwdkYonf rdrd rdrdwdkYae&mü wnfukefvsuf omvQif csKdomaom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh toHudk jyKukef\/ pnf? apmif; paom wl&d,mrsm;ESifh vlwdkY\ udk,fay:&Sd tqifwefqmwdkYuvnf; xdkenf;wlyif toHjrnfukef\/ ,if;odkY toHjrnfaom trSwfjzifh ]],aeY jrwfpGmbk&m;onf þt&yfü qGrf;tvdkYiSm 0ifawmfrlvmNyD}} [lí vlwdkY odMuavonf/

qGrf;avmif;vSLMuyHk

xdkodkYodaom vlwdkYonf cg;0wfxnfudk aumif;pGm0wfukefvsuf? tay:½HkjcHKxnfudk aumif;pGm jcHKMuukefvsuf eHYomyef;ponfwdkYudk ,lí tdrfrS xGufvmMuonf/ vrf;rodkY a&mufaomtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;udk eHYomyef; ponfwdkYjzifh ½dkaopGm ylaZmfí &Sdcdk;MuNyD; ]] wynfhawmfwdkYtm; &[ef;q,fyg; ay;awmfrlyg bk&m;? wynfhawmfwdkYtm; &[ef;ESpfq,f ay;awmfrlygbk&m;? &[ef;ig;q,f? &[ef;wpf&m ay;awmfrlygbk&m;}} [lí awmif;qdkMuukefonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m; oydwfawmfudkvnf; ,lí ae&mcif;ay;NyD; qGrf;jzifh ½dkaopGm vkyfauR;Muonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf qGrf;udpö jyKNyD;awmfrlvQif xdkxdkowå0gwdkY\ pdwftpOf wdkYudk MunfhawmfrlNyD; w&m;a[mMum;awmfrlonf/ ,if;odkY a[mMum;jcif; aMumifh tcsKdU o&P*HkoHk;yg;wdkYü wnfMuonf/ tcsKdU ig;yg;oDvwdkYü wnfMu onf/ tcsKdU aomwmywådzdkvf? ou'g*grdzdkvf? tem*grdzdkvfwdkYwGif wpfyg;yg;ü wnfMuonf/ tcsKdUum; &[ef;jyKí tjrwfqHk;jzpfaom t&[wåzdkvfü wnfMuavonf/
þodkYvQif jrwfpGmbk&m;onf rsm;pGmaom vltaygif;udk csD;ajr§muf awmfrlNyD; ae&mrS xí ausmif;awmfodkY jyef<uawmfrlonf/ ausmif;awmfodkY <uoGm;NyD; &[ef;wdkY\ qGrf;udpö NyD;qHk;csdefudk apmifhqdkif;vsuf wefaqmif; 0ef;twGif; cif;xm;onfh jrwfaom bk&m;ae&mü xdkifaeawmfrl\/ xdkaemuf &[ef;wdkY\ qGrf;udpö NyD;qHk;csdefwGif tvkyftauR;&[ef;u jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; avQmufMum;onf/ xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf *E¨uk#dodkY 0ifawmfrlav\/
þum; yxrOD;pGm qGrf;rpm;rD eHeufydkif;ü jyKtyfaom yka&bwåudpö jzpf\/

ypämbwåudpö ('kv’big;yg;)

xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf þodkY jyKtyfNyD;aom yka&bwåudpö&Sdonfjzpf í *E¨uk#d\ teD;ü xdkifí ajcwdkYudk aq;NyD; ajcaq;tif;ysOfay:ü &yfawmfrl vsuf &[ef;taygif;udk qHk;rawmfrlavonf/
]]&[ef;wdkY...oifwdkYonf rarhravsmhaom owdjzifh oDv?orm"d? ynm? odu©moHk;yg;udk NyD;ajrmufapMuukefavmh/ avmuü bk&m;yGifh&mtcgudk &EdkifcJ\/ vltjzpfudkvnf; &EdkifcJ\/ o'¨gw&m; ponfwdkYESifh jynfhpHkrIudkvnf; &EdkifcJ\/ &Sif&[ef;tjzpfudk &EdkifcJ\/ olawmfaumif;w&m; Mum;em&rIudk &EdkifcJ\}}
þodkY Mo0g' ay;awmfrlNyD;aomtcg tcsKdUaom &[ef;wdkYonf jrwfpGm bk&m;tm; ur®|mef;udk ar;avQmufMuonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;uvnf; xdk&[ef; wdkY\ p½dkuftm;avsmfpGm ur®|mef;udk ay;awmfrl\/ xdkYaemuf &[ef;tm;vHk; jrwfpGmbk&m;udk &Sdcdk;NyD; rdrd rdrdwdkY\ aeYoefY&mt&yf nOfhoefY&mt&yfrsm;odkY toD;toD; oGm;Muavonf/ tcsKdUawmxJodkY? tcsKdU opfyif&if;odkY? tcsKdUawmif paom ae&mwpfckckodkY oGm;Muonf/ tcsKdU pwkr[m&mZfewfjynfodkY vnf;aumif;/y/ tcsKdU 0o0wåDewfjynfodkYvnf;aumif; oGm;Muonf/
xdkYaemuf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf *E¨uk#dodkY 0ifawmfrlNyD; usdef;pufawmfrlvdkvQif owdorÜZOf &Sdawmfrlonfjzpfí vuf,mbufeHyg;jzifh jcaoFhrif;tdyf ouJhodkY wpfcPrQ usdef;pufjcif;udk jyKawmfrlonf/ xdkYaemuf aumif;pGm oufom&m &NyD;aom udk,f&Sdonfjzpfí tdyf&mrS xawmfrlNyD; ypämbwåumv 'kwd,tzdkYü avmuudk Munfh½Iawmfrl\/ wwd,tzdkYü bk&m;&Sif trSDjyKí aeaom&Gm?odkYr[kwf ed*Hk;rS rsm;pGmaom vltaygif;onf qGrf;pm;csdefrwdkifrD eHeufydkif;ü tvSLtwef;rsm; jyKcJhMuNyD; qGrf;pm;csdefrS aemufydkif;wGif udk,f0wf udk,f½HkwdkYudk aumif;pGm 0wf½HkMuvsuf eHYomyef;ponfwdkYudk ,lí ausmif;awmfü pka0;Muavonf/
xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf a&mufvmaom y&dowfESifh oifhavsmfaom wefcdk;jym#d[mjzifh <uvmí "r®obifü cif;xm;tyfonfh jrwfaom bk&m;ae&mü xdkifawmfrlNyD; tcsdeftcgESifh oifhavsmfaom w&m;udk a[mawmf rlavonf/ xdkYaemuf tcsdeftcgudk odí y&dowfudk jyefvTwfawmfrlavonf/ vlwdkYonf jrwfpGmbk&m;udk &Sdcdk;NyD; xGufcGmoGm;Muavonf/
þum; qGrf;pm;NyD;aemuf aeYv,fydkif;ü jyKtyfaom ypämbwåudpö jzpf\/

yk&dr,mrudpö

þodkY ypämbwåudpö NyD;ajrmufNyD;aom jrwfpGmbk&m;onf udk,fawmfudk a&oGef;avmif;vdk (a&csKd;vdk)awmfrlvQif bk&m;ae&mrS xí a&csKd;tHk? (a&csKd;cef;)odkY 0ifawmfrlNyD; tvkyftauR;&[ef;jyifqifxm;aom a&jzifh udk,fawmfudk taiGU,lapawmfrlonf/ (a&csKd;awmfrlonf)/ tvkyftauR; &[ef;uvnf; bk&m;ae&mawmfudk aqmif,lí *E¨uk#dy&d0kPfü cif;xm;\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf aumif;pGmqdk;xm;onfh ESpfxyf oif;ydkifudk 0wf? cg;yef;BudK;udk zGJU? udk,f½Hk {uoDudk vuf0JycHk;üwifí <uvmawmfrlNyD; wpfyg;wnf;omvQif wrk[kwfrQ zvormywf0ifpm;vsuf aeawmfrl\/ xdktcsdefwGif &[ef;wdkY onf xdkxdkt&yfrS a&mufvmMuNyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; qnf;uyfjcif; jyKMuonf/ xdk&[ef;wdkYwGif tcsKdUu jyóemar;avQmufMuonf/ tcsKdUu ur®|mef;udk ar;avQmufMuonf/ tcsKdUu emvdkaomw&m;udk a[mMum;&ef awmif;yefMuonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf xdk&[ef;wdkY\ vdkvm;csufudk jynfhapvsuf nOD;ydkif; yk&dr,Hudk vGefapawmfrl\/
þum; nydkif;ü jyKtyfaom yk&dr,mrudpö jzpf\/

rZÑdr,mrudpö

nOD;,HudpöNyD;qHk;í jrwfpGmbk&m;udk &Sdcdk;NyD; &[ef;wdkY xGufcGmoGm; MuaomtcsdefwGifrl avmu"mwfaygif; wpfaomif;vHk;rS ewfwdkYonf tcgcGifh &Muukefonfjzpfí jrwfpGmbk&m;xH csOf;uyfNyD; rdrdwdkY BudKwifpDpOfcJhonfh t,kwfqHk;tm;jzifh tu©&mav;vHk;rQyg&Sdaom jyóemyifjzpfap? ar;vdk&m jyóemudk ar;avQmufMuonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf xdkewfwdkY\ jyóem rsm;udk ajzMum;vsuf nv,fydkif;jzpfaom rZÑdr,Hudk ukefvGefapawmfrl\/
þum; nv,fydkif;ü jyKtyfaom rZÑdr,mrudpö jzpf\/

ypädr,mrudpö

jrwfpGmbk&m;onf n\aemufydkif;jzpfaom ypädr,Hudkrl oHk;zdkYoHk;pk jyKawmfrlNyD; qGrf;rpm;rD eHeufydkif;rSpí xdkifjcif;jzifh ESdyfpuftyfaom udk,fawmftm; anmif;nmjcif;rS vGwfap&eftwGuf wpfckaomtzdkYudk pBuøavQmufjcif;jzifh ukefvGefapawmfrl\/ 'kwd,tzdkYü *E¨uk#dodkY 0ifí owdyrÜZOf&Sdawmfrlonfjzpfí vuf,meHyg;jzifh jcaoFhrif;\ tdyfjcif;uJhodkY jrwfaomtdyfpufjcif;udk jyKawmfrl\/ wwd,tzdkYü tdyf&mrS xí xdkifae awmfrlNyD; a&S;a&S;bk&m;&SifwdkYxHü 'geoDv ponftm;jzifh jyKcJhzl;aom ukodkvfxl;&Sdonfh yk*¾dKvfwdkYudk Munfh½I&ef tvdkYiSm Ak'¨pu©Kjzifh wpfavmuvHk;udk vTrf;jcHKí Munfhawmfrlavonf/
þum; n\aemufqHk;ydkif;jzpfaom ypädr,Hü jyKtyfaom udpö jzpfay onf/

ypädr,mrudpöudk jyKpOfü Mum;odawmfrljcif;

xdkaeYwGifrl jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf yka&bwåudpöudk &mZN*dK[fü NyD;apcJhNyD; qGrf;pm;NyD; aeYv,fydkif;ü c&D;xGufawmfrlcJh\/ nOD;,Hü &[ef;wdkYtm; ur®|mef;udk a[mMum;NyD; oef;acgif,Hü ewfwdkY\ jyóemudk ajzMum;í rdk;aomuf,Hü pBuøodkY wufí pBuøavQmuf aeawmfrlpOf oAÁnKwÓPfudk taMumif;jyKí &[ef;ig;&mwdkYtm; jzpfay:aeaompum;udk oAÁnKwÓPf jzifhomvQif Mum;odawmfrlavonf/ xdkYaMumifh ]]ypädr,mrudpöudk jyKawmfrlpOf Mum;odawmfrlavonf}} [lí a&SUü igqdkcJhjcif; jzpf\/

wefaqmif;0ef;odkY <uawmfrljcif;

,if;odkY odjrifawmfrljcif;aMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; þodkYtMuH jzpfawmfrlavonf/
]]þ&[ef;wdkYonf ig\ oAÁnKwÓPfudk taMumif;jyKí *kPfaus;Zl;udk ajymqdkaeMu\/ odkYaomf ,if;wdkYtm; oAÁnKwÓPf\ udpöonf rxif&Sm;/igYtm;omvQif xif&Sm;\/ igoGm;cJhvQifum; þ&[ef;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY\ pum;udk r>cif;rcsef avQmufxm;Muvdrfhrnf/ xdktcg igonf xdk&[ef;wdkYtm; xdkpum;udk taMumif;jyKí oHk;yg;aom oDvudk a0zefvsuf? ajcmufq,fh ESpfyg;aom t&mwdkYü rnfolrQ ruefYuGufEdkifaom jcaoFha[mufoHESifhwlonfh &J&ifhaom pum;udk >rufMum;vsuf? taMumif;w&m;wdkY\ aus;Zl;jyKyHk tjcif;t&m y#dpöorkyÜg'f a'oemudk aygif;pnf;í? Ak'¨*kPfawmfrsm;udk xif&Sm;jyKü jrif;rdk&fawmifudk ajr§mufcsDouJhodkYvnf;aumif;? a&Twljzifh aumif;uifudk xkouJhodkYvnf;aumif; wpfaomif;aom avmu"mwfudk wkefvIyfapEdkifaom jA[®Zmvokwåefudk t&[wåzdkvftxGwfjzifh NyD;qHk; apvsuf a[mMum;aytHh/ xdkw&m;a'oemonf ig y&dedAÁmef jyKoGm;aomfvnf; ESpfaygif; ig;axmifwdkifatmif owå0gwdkYtm; tNrdKufedAÁmefjrwfodkY a&mufap Edkifonf jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
þodkY MuHpnfawmfrlrdonfjzpfí jrwfpGmbk&m;onf wefaqmif;0ef;&Sd&m t&yfodkY csOf;uyfawmfrlavonf/
a,e-[lonf tMuift&yfrsufESmtzdkYjzifh xdkwefaqmif;0ef;odkY csOf;uyfoifh\/ (xdkt&yfrsufESmtzdkYjzifh csOf;uyfawmfrl\)/ wpfenf;um; þa,e-[laom o'´gonf owårDteufü u½dkPf;0dbwfoufxm;aom o'´g jzpf\/ tMuift&yfü xdkwefaqmif;0ef;onf &Sd\/ xdkt&yfodkY <uoGm; awmfrl\-[lí þ0gusü teufay;tyf\/

cif;xm;aom ae&mü xdkifawmfrljcif;

ynawå tmoae edoD'd (cif;xm;aom ae&mü xdkifawmfrl\)-[laom ygVdü rSwfom;zG,fum; - jrwfpGmbk&m; oufawmfxif&Sm; &SdpOftcgü &[ef; wpfyg;rQyifjzpfap aexdkifaom t&yf[lorQü jrwfpGmbk&m; xdkif&ef ae&mudk cif;xm;jrJyif jzpf\[k qdkygonf/ tb,fhaMumifh cif;xm;oenf; qdkaomf-jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf rdrdxHü ur®|mef;,lNyD; csrf;om&mt&yfü aeaom &[ef;rsm;udk qifjcifawmfrlavh&Sd\[k qdkygonf/
]]þrnfaom &[ef;onf igYxHü ur®|mef;,lí oGm;\/ olonf w&m;xl;udk jzpfap&ef pGrf;Edkifrnfavm? odkYr[kwf rpGrf;Edkifrnfavm}}
þodkY qifjcifawmfrlaomtcg ur®|mef;udk pGefYí tukodkvf0dwufudk MuHpnfaeaom xdk&[ef;udk jrifawmfrlonf/ xdkYaMumifh ]]iguJhodkYaom q&mhxHü ur®|mef;,líaeaom þtrsKd;aumif;om;udk tb,fhaMumifh tukodkvf0dwufrsm; vTrf;rdk;í tprxifaom 0#fqif;&Jü epfrGef;ap&tHh enf;}}[k MuHí xdktrsKd;aumif;om;tm; csD;ajr§muf&eftwGuf xdk&[ef;ae&m t&yfodkYomvQif udk,fawmfudk jyí xdktrsKd;aumif;om;udk qHk;rawmfrlNyD; aumif;uifodkY ysHwufí wpfzef rdrdae&mt&yfodkYomvQif <uoGm;awmfrl\/
odkYjzpfí þodkY qHk;rtyfaom &[ef;wdkYu pOf;pm;rdMuavonf/
]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf igwdkY\ pdwfudk odí <uvmawmfrlNyD; igwdkY\ teD;ü wnfvsufomvQif udk,fawmfudk jyawmfrl\/ xdkodkY <ua&mufvmaom cPü þae&mwGif xdkifawmfrlygbk&m;? þae&mwGif xdkifawmfrlygbk&m;-[k avQmufMum;í ae&&Sm&onfrSm 0efav;vSap\}}
xdk&[ef;wdkYonf þodkY pOf;pm;rdMuonfjzpfí jrwfpGmbk&m;xdkif&ef ae&mudk cif;íomvQif aeMuonf/ xdkifcHk&Sdaom &[ef;u xdkifcHkudk cif;xm;\/ xdkifcHkr&Sdaom &[ef;u anmifapmif;ysOfcsyf? opfwHk;? ausmufzsm? oJyHkwdkYwGif wpfckckudk cif;xm;\/ anmifapmif;ponfudk r&&Sdaom &[ef;wdkYonfum; opf&Gufa[mif;rsm;udkyif pk½Hk;NyD; ,if;opf&Gufrsm;ay:ü yHhoulouFef;udk jzefYí cif;xm;Muonf/ þtrÁv|dumO,smOfürl bk&ifxdkifaom ae&m &Sd\/ xdk&[ef;wdkYonf xdkae&mudk cgí cif;xm;MuNyD; 0ef;&Hí jrwfpGmbk&m;\ t"drkwåduÓPfudk taMumif;jyKí *kPfawmfudk csD;rGrf;Muukefvsuf xdkifaeMu avonf/ ,if;odkY xdkifaejcif;udk &nf&G,fí ]]ynawå tmoae edoD'd}} [k qdkjcif; jzpf\/
qufOD;tHh? þodkY xdkifaeawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;onf pum;jzpfap&ef &[ef;wdkYudk ar;awmfrlonf/ xdk&[ef;wdkYuvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; taMumif;pHkudk avQmufMum;Muonf/ xdkYaMumifh ]]edoZÆ acg b*0g}} (jrwfpGmbk&m;onf xdkifawmfrlNyD;í) paom ygVdudk qdkxm;jcif; jzpf\/ xdkygVdwGif ]]um,Ekw¬}}-[laom pum;ü tb,frnfaom pum;jzifh xdkifaeMu oenf;[k teufay;tyf\/ ]]um,aew¬}}-[kvnf; ygVd&Sdwwf\/ xdkygVdü tb,frnfaom pum;jzifh þae&mü xdkifaeMuoenf;[k teufay;tyf\/ ]]um,aemw¬}}-[kvnf; ygVd&Sdwwf\/ xdkygVdüvnf; a&SUteufudkyif odtyf\/

oAÁnKbk&m;&SifwdkY\ zdwfMum;jcif;

tEÅ&muxm-[lonf ur®|mef;ESvHk;oGif;jcif;? ygVd&Gwfqdkjcif;? teuft"dyÜg,f ar;jref;aqG;aEG;jcif;ponfwdkY\ Mum;ü jzpfaom tjcm;pum; wpfrsKd; jzpf\/ 0dyÜuwm-[lonf ig<uvmjcif;[laom taMumif;aMumifh rNyD;qHk;ao;aom? txGwftxdyfodkY ra&mufao;aom pum;[k (qdkvdk\)/ xdk ]]um p ye a0g tEÅ&muxm 0dyÜuwm}}-[laom pum;jzifh tb,fudk jyoenf; qdkaomf ]]igonf oifwdkY\ pum;udk ysufap&ef vmonfr[kwf? pifppf igonf oAÁnLjzpfjcif;aMumifh oifwdkY\ pum;udk NyD;qHk;apí txGwftxdyfodkY a&mufonfudk jyKí ay;tHh}} [k MuHí vmcJhjcif;jzpf\[lí xdkifvQif xdkifjcif;omvQif oAÁnLjrwfpGmbk&m;wdkY\ zdwfMum;jcif;udk zdwfMum;awmfrlonf/
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