Untitled Document

1962-ckESpf? rwfv (2)&ufaeYwGif AkdvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; trSL;jyKaom awmfvSefa&;aumifpDonf EkdifiHawmftmPmudk ycHk;ajymif; wm0ef,lcJhonf/ odkYwm0ef,lNyD;aemuf 1965-ck Zefe0g&Dv (18)&ufwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpdk;&rS ]]1965-ck awmfvSefa&;aumifpD Oya'trSwf(1)}}udk xkwfjyefcJhonf/ 1311-ckESpf 0dedpä,Xme tufOya'ESifh 1316-ck 0dedpä,Xme jyifqifcsuf tufOya'wkdYtm; azmfjyyg awmfvSef;a&;aumifpD Oya'trSwf 1^65 jzifh ½kyfodrf;jcif; jzpfonf/
tqdkyg tufOya'½kyfodrf;jcif;ESifh ywfoufonfh oabm xm;udk awmfvSefa&;aumifpD Ouú|BuD; OD;ae0if; ]]EkdifiHawmf or®wBuD; tNidrf;pm;}}u 1965-ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvf bGJUESif; obifcef;rü usif;ycJhaom tvkyform; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJwGif ajymMum;onfh rdefYcGef;ü xnfhoGif;ajymMum;oGm;cJhonf/ tqdkyg tufOya'yk'fr (1)wGifvnf; ---
]]1311-ck 0dedpä,XmeESifh 0dedpä,cHk tufOya'onf oHCmh trItcif;udpörsm;udk oHCmtcsif;csif;yif ajyvnfjywfpJatmif aqmif&GufEdkif&ef &nfoefí jy|mef;cJhaomfvnf; &nfrSef;csuf atmifjrifjcif; r&Sdonfudk awGU&ygonf}}[lí ½kyfodrf;&jcif; taMumif;&if;udk azmfjyxm;onf/
wpfzef tqdkygOya'yk'fr (3)\ aemufwGif atmufyg twkdif; rSwfcsuf azmfjyxm;onf/
rSwfcsuf/ / 1311-ckESpf 0dedpä,XmeESifh 0dedpä,cHk tufOya'udk ½kyfodrf;vdkufaomfvnf; rNyD;rjywf jzpfaeMuonfh trIrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? aemifomoemtwGif; jzpfay:vmrnfh trIrsm; twGufvnf;aumif; rQrQww rSefrSefuefuef jzpfap&ef tpDtpOfopfrsm; jyKvkyfay;rnf jzpfygonf/ tpDtpOf opfrsm; jyKvkyf&mü wpfEkdifiHvHk;\ tusKd;udk a&S;½Ií &[ef;oHCmrsm;\ tMuHay;csufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;NyD;vQif aqmuf&Gufay;rnf jzpfygonf/
,if;aemufydkif;wGif omoema&; omoemrIrsm;udk oufqkdif&m (t&yfzuf) jy|mef;Oya'rsm;twkdif; vlw&m;½Hk; rsm;wGif ppfaq;vmonfrSm 1979-ckESpfwkdifatmif jzpfonf/ tcsKdUtcsKdUaom omoema&;qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;udk oufqkdif&m q&mawmfoHCmawmfrsm; tcsif;csif; nd§EIdif;í ajyNidrf;apav onf/ xkdYtjyif txufyg tcef;(6)ü jyqdkcJhaom a*gyutrI rsm;ESifhywfoufírl w&m;rusifhxHk; Oya'yk'fr 92-(1)yg jy|mef;csufESifh tnD aqmif&GufvmcJhonf/ ,if;yk'fr 92 (1)wGif awmif;qdkEdkifaom oufomcGifhrsm;udk rnfonfh,HkrSwftyfESHrI rsKd;rSom ,if;oufomcGifhudk &EkdifaMumif; jy|mef;xm;onf/
,if;yk'frwGif jy|mef;owfrSwfxm;onfh ,HkrSwftyfESHrI rsKd;rSm trsm;qdkif&m tvSL'geudpötwGufaomfvnf;aumif;? omoema&;udpötwGuf aomfvnf;aumif; twdtvif;jzpfap? t&dyft>rufjzpfap jyKvkyfxm;onfh ,HkrSwftyfESHrIjzpfygonf/ txufazmfjyyg ,HkrSwftyfESHrIudk azmufvGJazmufjyefjyKvQif? odkYr[kwf ,HkrSwftyfESHrI wpfpHkwpf&mudk pD&ifaqmif&Guf&ef ½Hk;trdefY tvdk&SdvQif atmufazmfjyyg oufomcGifh wpfpHkwpf&mudk &&SdEdkifavonf/ awmif;qdkEkdifaom oufomcGifhrsm;rSm ---
(u) ,HkrSwftyfESHxm;ola*gyutm; z,f&Sm;jcif;?
(c) ,HkrSwftyfESH&ef a*gyutopf cefYtyfjcif;?
(*) ypönf;wpfpHkwpf&mudk ,HkrSwftyfESHcH&ol a*gyuwpfOD;OD;okdY tyfESHjcif;?
(C) pm&if;tif; ppfaq;pHkprf;ap&atmif qifhqdkjcif;?
(i) ,HkrSwfypönf;? odkYr[kwf ¤if;rS tusKd;tjrwfudk pDrHcefYcGJ&ef twGuf aMunmay;jcif;?
(p) ,HkrSwftyfESHonfh ypönf;tm;vHk;udk jzpfap? tcsKdUwpf0ufudk jzpfap iSm;&rf;a&mif;cs? aygifESHvJvS,fjcif; jyKEkdif&ef tcGifhta&;ay;tyfjcif;?
(q) enf;vrf;rsm;udk owfrSwfjcif;?
(Z) trItaetxm;tvkduf oifhavsmf&m oufomcGifhrsm;udk ay;tyfjcif;wkdY jzpfonf/
]]OD;ynmaZmwyg(3)ESifh OD;ÓPduyg(2)}} trI\ tqdkvTm wGif ygonfh pGyfpGJcsufrsm;twdkif; qHk;jzwfMu&efudk ,ciftrIrS &efukefo&ufawmausmif;wkdufudk BuD;Muyf&ef ,cif atmufjrefrm jynf w&m;½Hk;csKyf\ 1913-ck yxrt,lcHrI trSwf(129)wGif jyifqifa&;qGJxm;aom puif;enf;vrf; pnf;rsOf;ESifh w&m;r usihfxHk;Oya'yk'fr-92 (1) (c)t& x&yfpwD; (Trustee) ac: Ouú|r[max&fESpfyg; wifajr§muf&ef trdefYESifh ñTefMum;csuf rsm;udk xkwfqifhyg&ef oufomcGifhwGif awmif;qdkxm;onfudk awGU&onf/
w&m;NydKiftrSwf(1)udk 1308-ckESpf? (1946)uyif a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;&m 1964-ckESpf Mo*kwf(10)&ufaeYrSom ¤if;tay: pGJqdkonfjzpfí (6)ESpfxuf ausmfvGefaeNyD;jzpf&um; umvpnf;urf;owf tufOya' yxrZ,m;u@trSwf(120) ESifh tusKH;0ifojzifh w&m;NydKiftay: umvpnf;urf;ouf ausmfvGefaeNyD jzpfonf/ puif;enf;vrf; pnf;rsOf;t& rJqE´ pm&if;vnf; rxm;? e,fuq&mawmfrsm;udk (3)ESpf wpfBudrf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif; r&SdonfwkdYaMumifh a&G;aumufwif ajr§mufyGJ jyKvkyf&rnfjzpf&m puif;enf;vrf; pnf;rsOf;rSm ygonfh twdkif; rJqE´pm&if;wpfck jyKvkyfxm;&rnf/
¤if;wGif azmfjyxm;aom t&nftcsif;&Sdonfh yk*¾dKvfrsm;om pnf;rsOf;t& wduspGm rvdkufemaomfvnf; bk&m;b@mawmfESifh ywfoufí azmufvGJazmufjyefrI r&Sdonfudk awGU&ojzifh a*gyu vlBuD;rsm;tjzpf aqmif&Gufjcif;rS xkwfy,f&ef taMumif;r&Sd[k atmuf½kH;\ qHk;jzwfcsufudk rauseyfí w&m;vdku t,lcH wifoGif;vmjcif; jzpfonf/
bk&m; apwD ykxdk;ponfh bmoma&;taqmufttHkrsm;tm; xdef;odrf;pDrH&onfh a*gyutzGJU0if vlBuD;rsm;rSm tcaMu;aiGESifh 0ifa&mufvkyfudkifMuolrsm; r[kwfay/ omoemBuD; t"GefY&Snf&ef &nf&G,fMuolrsm;om jzpfMuonf/ xkdYaMumifh ¤if;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY xdef;odrf;&onfh bk&m;ykxdk;rsm;\ a0,sm0pörsm; aqmif&Guf&mü cRwf,Gif;csufrsm;onf tvGJoHk;pm;jyKrI? azmufvGJ azmufjyefvkyfrI ponfh wm0efESifh tvsif; ravsmfuefaom cRwf,Gif;csufrsm; r[kwfvQif ¤if;wkdYtm; a*gyutzGJU0if vlBuD;rsm;tjzpfrS xkwfy,f&efaomfvnf;aumif;? &yfpJ&efaomfvnf;aumif; rjyKvkyfoifhacs/
a*gyutzGJU0ifrsm;tm; &yfpJoifh roifh? xkwfy,foifh roifhqdkaomudpö pOf;pm;&mwGif xdka*gyutzGJUudk qufvuf xm;&Sdjcif;tm;jzifh xdka*gyutzGJU pDrHxdef;odrf;&onfh apwDykxdk; rsm;wGif aumif;usKd;jyKonf rjyKonfqdkjcif;udk t"duxm;í pOf;pm;&rnf/
tu,fí a*gyutzGJUtaejzifh rdrdwdkY pDrHtkyfcsKyf&onfh apwDykxdk;ydkif b@maiG? odkYr[kwf tjcm;ypönf;rsm;udk tvGJoHk;pm; jyKvQifaomfvnf;aumif;? azmufvGJazmufjyef jyKvQifaomfvnf; aumif; xkda*gyutzGJUudk qufvufxm;&Sdjcif;jzifh tusKd;,kwfap &efom &Sdrnfjzpfí xkwfy,f &yfpJ&efrSty tjcm;taMumif; r&SdEkdifay/ ,if;odkY azmufvGJazmufjyeftvGJoHk;pm;rI r&Sdygrl pDrHcefYcGJ&mü tenf;i,f cRwf,Gif;onfqdkaom taMumif;jycsufESifh a*gyutzGJUtm; xkwfy,f &yfpJ&ef taMumif; vkHavmufonf [k rqdkEdkifacs/
wpfzef a&Twd*HkapwDawmfBuD;\ a*gyutzGJUESifh ywfouf í azmfjytyfygonf/ a&Twd*HkapwDawmfBuD;onf wpfjynfvHk;&Sd Ak'¨bmom0if vlwkdif;\ MunfndKylaZmfjcif;rQomru wpfurÇm vHk;wGif ausmfapmxif&Sm;aom tHhzG,f&m wpfckjzpfonfhtm; avsmfpGm apwDawmfBuD;udk pDrHtkyfcsKyf ,HkrSwftyfESHa&;twGuf b@mawmfxdef; a*gyuvlBuD;jzpf&ef jrefrmAk'¨bmom0if tjzpfomru Oygoumvnf; jzpf&rnf[k pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJxm; ayonf/
Oygoumrnfonf trsKd;,kwfnHh r[l o&P*Hkwnfol rSeforQ Oygoumrnf\/ Oygoumonf bk&m; w&m; oHCm &wemoHk;yg;udk qnf;uyfwwfaomol jzpf\/ Oygoum\ oDvum; ig;yg;oDv rnf\/ Oygoum\ toufarG; 0rf;ausmif;&mrSm ---
1/ vufeuf
2/ vl
3/ om;ig;
4/ ao&nf ao&uf
5/ tqdyf
ponfwkdYudk a&mif;0,fukefoG,fjcif; [lonfh þrdpämukefoG,fjcif; ig;rsKd;udk a&Smif&Sm;í w&m;ESifhtnD a&mif;0,fukefoG,f toufarG;rI jyKvkyfol jzpf&rnf/ tqdkyg rdpämukefoG,fjcif; ig;rsKd;wGif wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzifh ukefoG,fí toufarG;vQif Oygoum\ tjzpf ysufpD;avawmh\/ xkdYaMumifh ig;yg;oDvESifh w&m;aom toufarG;rIwkYd\ ysufpD;jcif;onf Oygoum\ ysufpD;jcif; rnf\/ rysufpD;vQif Oygoum\ tjzpf jynfhpHkae\[k qdkvdkonf/
w&m;½Hk;csKyfodkY a&mufvmaom ]]OD;bcifESifh (1)OD;om0if; (2)a&Twd*Hk apwDawmfa*gyu}} (1) trIwGif t,lcHw&m;vdkESifh t,lcHw&m;NydKiftrSwf (1)wkdUonf ta&G;cH&ef emrnfwifoGif;í tzGJUu ppfaq;aomtcg puif;Oya'ESifh udkufnDaMumif; qHk;jzwfNyD; ¤if;wdkYudk vufcHí a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;twGuf aMumfjim&ef pDpOfxm;onftxd t,lcHw&m;vdk\ uefYuGuf vTmwGif yg&Sdaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk tzGJUu rod&ao;ay/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; ¤if;wkdYudk vufcHcJhonf/ odkYaomf aemufydkif; wGif uefYuGufvTmyg&Sdaom tcsuftvufudk od&SdNyD; pGyfpGJcsufrsm; rSefaeaMumif; od&Sdvmaomtcg tzGJUu w&m;½Hk;rS pkHprf; ppfaq; í qHk;jzwfcsuf&,l&ef ñTefMum;csufray;bJ 0wå&m;&Sdonfh twdkif; tzGJUuyif pHkprf; ppfaq;í qHk;jzwfcsufay;Edkifonf/ qHk;jzwfcsufESpfckyif &Sdvifhupm; wpfckESifhwpfck qefYusifp&m r&SdEkdif? taMumif;t&mrSmvnf; rwlay/
þuJhodkY jyKvkyfcJhygu ,cktrIonf w&m;½Hk;odkY ra&mufbJ vpfvyfaeaom b@mawmfxdef; a*gyuvlBuD;ae&mudk ,ckuJhodkY rMuefYMumbJ jznfhoGif;NyD;pD;&m a&mufayrnfrSm txl;ajym&ef rvdkay/ yxruefYuGuf csufrsm;r&Sd? puif;ESifh udkufnDrnfudkom tzGJUuyif pHkprf;ppfaq; qHk;jzwfcsufay;&ef tmPmr&Sd[k rqdkEkdifay/
qHk;jzwfay;í b@mawmfxdef; a*gyuvlBuD; cefYtyfcJh onfudk rauseyfolu w&m;rusifhxHk; yk'fr 92(u) (c)t& w&m;½Hk;wGif avQmufxm;Edkifayonf/ tzGJU\ wm0ef0wå&m;rSm vpfvyfaeaom ae&mwGif jznfhpGuf&efom jzpfonf/ trSefrSm puif;tydk'f (2)ydk'ft& b@mawmfxdef; a*gyuvlBuD;wdkYudk &efukefNrdKU&Sd jrefrmAk'¨bmom0ifwkdYtm; a&G;aumuf wifajr§muf &rnfh tjiif;yGm;rIr&Sdí tzGJUu qHk;jzwfcsufay;&ef tcuftcJESifh awGUMuHKrSom w&m;½Hk;rS ñTefMum;csuf awmif;,l&rnf? odkYr[kwf tajctaet& w&m;pGJqdk&rnf/ ,ckudpörSm tzGJUu qHkk;jzwf ay;EdkifcJhavonf/
w&m;rusifhxHk; yk'fr 92-t& twnfjyKxm;aom a*gyuzGJUpnf;yHk pnf;rsOf;rsm;qkdif&m w&m;r txl;t,lcHtrIudk 1971-ck arv(23)&ufaeYxkwf vkyfom;aeYpOfowif;pmwGif atmufygtwdkif; azmfjyxm;cJhonf/
bmoma&; ukodkvfa&;ESifh ywfoufaom trsm;jynfol qkdif&m a*gyutzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk tkyfcsKyfxdef;odrf;&mwGif w&m;½Hk;rsm;\ pD&ifydkifcGifh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;ESifh ywfoufaom ta&;BuD;onfh pD&ifxHk;wpf&yfudk EkdifiHawmfw&m;½Hk;csKyf w&m; olBuD;csKyf a'gufwmarmifarmifESifh w&m;olBuD; OD;ausmfZHOD;wdkY yg0ifaom cHk½Hk;u w&m;r txl;t,lcHrI wpfrIudk ,aeYpD&ifcsuf csrSwfvdkuf\/
1966-ck {NyDvtwGif; a&Twd*HkapwDawmfBuD; b@mawmf xdef; a*gyutzGJUwGif (2) ae&m vpfvyfonfudk jznfhwif;&ef a&G;aumufyGJ usif;ycJhonf/ 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom yk*¾dKvfav;OD; teuf OD;ausmfpdef ESifhOD;udkukdwkdYonf rJqE´trsm;qHk; &&SdMuNyD; a&G;aumuf wifajr§mufjcif; cH&olrsm; jzpfonf[k a*gyutzGJUu zGJUpnf;yHk pnf;rsOf;tydk'f 5(i)ESifh tnD aMunmcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf tydk'f (6)t& w&m;½Hk;csKyfodkY twnfjyK ay;yg&ef avQmufxm;cJh Muonf/
w&m;½kH;csKyfu twnfjyKjcif;udk uefYuGuf&ef r&Sd? vkyf½dk; vkyfpOftwdkif; aMunmar;jref;cJh&m ,SOfNydKifolwpfOD;ESifh rJqE´&Sif tcsKdUu a&G;aumufyGJ rrQwaMumif;? ta&G;cH&olwdkY t&nftcsif; csKdUwJhaMumif;jzifh uefYuGufMuonf/ ½Hk;u trIudk ppfaq;NyD;aemuf OD;udkudktm; twnfjyKay;í OD;ausmfpdefonf toufvGefae onf[k qHk;jzwfum twnfrjyKcJhacs/ OD;ausmfpdefu t,lcH 0ifaomtcgrS tEkdif&&Sd&m a*gyuvlBuD;tjzpf twnfjyKjcif; cHcJh&onf/
txl;t,lcHwGif ay:aygufvmaom jyóemrSm w&m;r usifhxHk; yk'fr 92-wGif tusKH;0ifaom bmoma&; ukodkvfa&;ESifh ywfoufaom trsm;jynfolqdkif&m a*gyutzGJUtpnf;rsm;u zGJUpnf;yHk pnf;rsOf;ESifhtnD a*gyuvlBuD;rsm; a&G;aumufNyD;í tzGJUu a&G;aumufNyD;aMumif; aMunmNyD;vQif w&m;½Hk;\ twnfjyKcsufudk rvdk? a&Gwd*HkapwD a*gyuzGJUpnf;yHk pnf;rsOf;wGif ygaom tydk'f (6)onf tydkjzpfae rjzpfae jzpfay\/
cHk½Hk;u ,if;jyóemay:wGif EdkifiHawmfa&SUaecsKyfESifh a&SUaeBuD;rsm;udk tus,fw0ifh Mum;emNyD;aemuf atmufyguJhokYd rSwfcsufjyKum qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/
]]om"uvkyfxHk; rSm;,Gif;cRwfacsmfaeonfudk jrif&vQif oifhjrwfovdk jyifay;&ef w&m;½Hk;csKyfwGif wm0ef&Sdonf/ aumif;jrwfaom a&S;xHk;wdkYudk ry,faumif;? odkY&mwGif a&S;xHk;udk omvQif &if0,fydkufum jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif; rjyKvQifrlum; w&m;Oya'onf a&S;acwfüyifvQif 0yfvQKd;í ae&pfrnfjzpf aMumif;udkvnf; tvsOf;oifhovdk aqmif&Guf&ef ñTefMum;cJhNyD;jzpfí w&m;½Hk;\ w&m;Oya' obm0,kwådwkdYESifhtnD csrSwfcJhaom pD&ifxHk;wdYkudk atmuf½Hk;rsm;u wnDwñGwfwnf; vdkufemMu&ef jzpfaomfvnf; w&m;½Hk;csKyf\ pD&ifxHk;onfyifvQif rSm;,Gif;cRwf acsmfaevQif? odkYr[kwf acwfESifh ravsmfnD jzpfaeonfudk awGU&vQif w&m;½Hk;csKyfuyif vdktyfovdk jyefvnfoHk;oyf jyifqifay;&rnf jzpfayonf/ xdkodkY r[kwfu trSm;\ toufonf &Snfvdrfhrnf/ w&m;Oya'onf vufawGUtajctaeESifh uif;uGmaevdrfhrnf/
þtrIwGif a&Twd*HkapwDawmfBuD;\ b@mawmfxdef; a*gyuvlBuD;tjzpf ta&G;cHvdkaom yk*¾dKvfwkdYonf t&nftcsif; udk pdppfqHk;jzwfNyD;aemuf nd§EIdif;um pnf;urf;xHk;wrf;ESifhtnD a&G;aumufyGJudk usif;ycJhjcif; jzpfonf/ rJqE´&SifwkdYuvnf; rJay;í a&G;aumufwifajr§mufNyD;cJhMuNyD? a&G;aumufwif ajr§mufjcif;udkvnf; a*gyutzGJUu pnf;a0;pdppfqHk;jzwf aMunmNyD;jzpfonf/ ,if;odkY aMunmNyD;onfudk w&m;½Hk;u xyfrHpdppfí twnfjyK&ef rvdk? a&G;aumufyGJudk twnfrjyKrae jyK&rnfomqdkvQif MuefYMum tvkyfydk p&dwfukefí tcsnf;ESD; tv[ó jzpfrnf/
tqifhqifhü pdppfum a*gyuvlBuD; jzpf&ef t&nftcsif; jynfh0aom yk*¾dKvfjzpfonf[k a*gyutzGJUu owfrSwfNyD;aom rJqE´&Sifuvnf; qE´ay; a&G;aumufNyD;aom a&G;aumufjcif;udk a*gyutzGJUu aMunmNyD;aom yk*d¾Kvftm; w&m;½Hk;u twnf rjyKjyefvQifvnf; vufawGUoabmtm;jzifh a&G;aumufjcif; cH&aom yk*¾dKvftm; a*gyuvlBuD;tjzpfrS xkwfy,fjcif;yifjzpf onf/ a&G;aumufjcif;udk twnfrjyKjcif;onf a&G;aumufcH&ol tm; xkwfy,fjcif;yif jzpfojzifh yk'fr(92)u jy|mef;aom pnf;urf;csufwdkYESifh tnD wifoGif;vmaom w&m;rBuD;rIudk tajccHíom w&m;½Hk;u qHk;jzwf&rnfh av;eufaom udpö jzpfonf/ ,if;okYd w&m;Oya'ESifh tnD pGJqdkaom w&m;rBuD;rI\ tyü w&m;½Hk;u xkwfy,fEkdifcGifh r&Sd/
xdkYaMumifh a&Twd*HkapwDawmfBuD;\ b@mxdef; a*gyu tzGJU zGJUpnf;ykH pnf;rsOf;yg tydk'f (6)onf rvdkbJ ydkaeí tcsnf;ESD; jzpfaom jy|mef;csuf jzpfonf/ a*gyuvlBuD; a&G;aumufjcif;udk a*gyutzGJUu tydk'f 5 (i)ESifhtnD aMunmonfESifh aMunmjcif; cH&aom yk*d¾Kvfonf a*gyuvlBuD;tjzpfodkY a&mufum wm0ef 0wå&m;rsm;udk xrf;aqmifEdkifonf/ w&m;½Hk;csKyfodkY twnfjyKay;&ef avQmufxm;&efrvdk/ a&G;aumufjcif;udk apm'uwufvdkaom yk*¾dKvfwkdYonf w&m;r usifhxHk;Oya'yk'fr (92)ESifh tnDjzpfap? tjcm;qDavsmfaom Oya't&jzpfap w&m;rBuD;rI pGJqdk&efom &Sdonf/
w&m;½Hk;rsm;u yk'fr (92)t& twnfjyKxm;aom a*gyu tzGJU zGJUpnf;yHk pnf;rsOf;rsm;wGif a*gyua&G;aumufyGJudk aMunm NyD;aemuf w&m;½Hk;odkY twnfjyK&ef avQmufxm;&rnf[k a&Twd*Hk apwDawmfBuD; a*gyutzGJU zGJUpnf;yHk pnf;rsOf;tydk'f (6)uJhodkYaom jy|mef;csufrsm; &SdaecJhvQif ,if;wdkYonf tcsnf;ESD; jzpfonfhtjyif w&m;½Hk;wkdYudk tmPmvGefí qHk;jzwfapEdkifonf[k awGUjrif& ojzifh ,if;jy|mef;csufwkdYudk vdkufem&ef rvdk[k pD&ifxHk; jyKonf/
,if;odkYaom jy|mef;csuf yg&Sdapumrl w&m;½Hk;rsm;onf a&G;aumufyGJudk twnfjyKay;&ef avQmufxm;vmygu qufvuf ta&;,l aqmif&Gufjcif; rjyKrlí a*gyuaMunmNyD;onfh twdkif;om jzpfap&rnf[k rSwfcsufjyK&ef jzpfonf/ a*gyutzGJU rsm;uvnf; a&G;aumufjcif;udk twnfjyK&ef w&m;½Hk;odkY avQmufxm;&ef rvdkacs/ aemiftcgrsm;ü a*gyuzGJUpnf;yHk pnf;rsOf;udk w&m;½Hk;u pdppftwnfjyKay;vQif a&G;aumufyGJudk ½Hk;u twnfjyKay;&rnfhoabm yg&Sdonfh jy|mef;csufrsKd;udk xnfhoGif;ay;jcif; rjyKap&[k azmfjyxm;onf/(1)
qufvufí avhvmawGU&Sd&aom ausmif;vkrI wpfckudk wifjytyfygonf/ jypfrIqkdif&m usifhxHk;Oya'yk'fr-522(1) jy|mef;csuft& tcsif;jzpf ausmif;udk jyefíay;tyfjcif; jyKoifh rjyKoifh jyóemESifh ywfoufí ]]OD;pE´drm0HoESifh OD;okr*Fvyg (3) (2)}} trIwGif awGU&Sd&onfrSm ---
arwåm&yfcHol q&mawmf(w&m;vdk)u ausmif;wHcg;udk aomhcwfNyD; tjcm;wpfae&modkY acwåoGm;aepOf aemufydkif;rSm arwåm&yfjcif; cH&olrsm; (w&m;cHrsm;) u ausmif;wHcg;aomhudk zsufqD;NyD; 0ifa&mufaexdkifjcif; jyKcJhonf/ ppfudkif;NrdKU puf&Sif½Hk;rS 1963-ck? &mZ0wfjyifqifrI trSwf (24)wGif csrSwfcJhaom trdefY udk rauseyfí w&m;½Hk;csKyfodkY jyifqifrI wifvmjcif; jzpfonf/ w&m;½Hk;csKyfu pOf;pm;&mü ---
]]þjyifqifrIwGif atmuf½Hk;\ qHk;jzwfcsufonf trI aMumif;jcif;&m oufaocHcsufrsm;ESifh Oya't&r[kwfbJ rSm;,Gif;cJh vQif w&m;½Hk;csKyf taeESifh ,if;yk'fr 522(1)t& trdefY csrSwfEdkifovm;[laom tcsufwdkYudk t"duxm; pOf;pm;onf/}}
w&m;½Hk;csKyfu ,if;tcsufrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í twif;t"r® tEkdiftxufjyKvkyfjcif; (Use of Criminal Force)? odkYr[kwf twif;t"r® tEkdiftxufjyKvkyfrnfudk azmfjyjcif; (Show of Criminal Force) odkYr[kwf Budrf;armif;ajcmufvSefYjcif; (Criminal Intimidation)? udk jyKvkyf&ef ponfh tcsufrsm;udk xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;NyD;vQif w&m;½Hk;u ]]OD;ausmfvSESifh jrefrmEdkifiH}} ]]udkoef;armif ESifh jrefrmEdkifiH}} ponfh pD&ifxHk;rsm;wGif ]],lEkd;ESifh &wf*sfrdk[mruf}} ]]½dk'gygrsm;ESifh atmhwmqif;? e&drf;qif;yg(1)ESifh b@mvm;vf}} ponfh pD&ifxHk;rsm;udk udk;um;í qHk;jzwfoGm; onfrSm atmufyg twdkif;jzpfonf/
trItaMumif;jcif;&mESifh ywfoufí oufaocHcsufrsm; t& arwåm&yfjcif; cHMu&olq&mawmfwkdYonf tcsif;jzpf ausmif;odkY vmí arwåm&yfcHol q&mawmf w&m;vdk OD;pE´drm0Ho cwfxm;aom ausmif;wHcg; aomhcavmufudk ½dkufcsKd;NyD; ausmif;wGif;odkY t"r® 0ifa&muf aexdkifaMumif; ay:vGifxif&Sm; aomfvnf; xdkodkY usL;vGefpOftcgwGif ausmif;wGif;ü arwåm&yfcH ol(w&m;vdk) ¤if;\ wynfhom; oHCm r&SdcJhojzifh azmfjycJhaom pD&ifxHk;rsm;t& ypönf;udkom tEdkiftxuf jyKvkyf usL;ausmf jcif;jzpfí vuf&Sdydkifqdkifoltm; tEkdiftxuf jyKvkyf&m ra&muf onfhtjyif arwåm&yfcHolq&mawmf ausmif;odkY vmí tqdkyg q&mawmftm; xGufcGm z,f&Sm;í oGm;&ef ajymonfh tcgwGif vnf; usL;ausmfolq&mawmfwdkY tMurf;zuf tEdkiftxuf pD;eif;jyKrl ½HkrQru arwåm&yfcHolq&mawmfuvnf; Oya'udk vuf0,f xm;í toHk;rjyKbJ (not take law into own hands) oufqdkif&m XmeESifh w&m;½Hk;okdY oGm;a&mufwdkifMum; pGJqdkojzifh þ½Hk;u ¤if;tm; tultnDay;&ef oifhaomfvnf; txufu azmfjyyg pD&ifxHk;rsm;wGif qHk;jzwfxm;csuft& jypfrIqdkif&m usifhxHk;yk'fr 522(1) jy|mef;xm;onfh tcsuftvufrsm; jynfhpHkjcif; r&Sdojzifh cJ,Of;vsuf &Sdonf/ arwåm&yfcHol q&mawmfuom oufqdkif&m ½Hk;odkY Oya't& qufvuf aqmif&Guf&efom jzpfaMumif; qHk;jzwfcJhonf/
txufazmfjyyg om"ursm;t& vlESifh &[ef;jzpfap? a*gyurIrsm;wGifjzpfap ,if;omoema&; omoemrIrsm;udk vlw&m;½Hk;rsm;wGif ppfaq;cJhayonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif vlw&m;½Hk;odkY ra&mufrlbJ &[ef;oHCmrsm; tcsif;csif; taus tvnfjzpfap&ef nd§EdIif;aqmif&GufcJhonfrsm;vnf; &SdaMumif; avhvm od&Sd&onf/ omoemhajr? ausmif; ponfwkdYESifh ywfoufí 'g,um(vl) tcsif;csif; *dkPf;uGJ jzpfyGm;ygu ESpfzuf ajyvnfatmif nd§EIdif;NyD; tcsif;jzpf ausmif;tm; q&mawmf wpfyg;yg;odkY tm;vHk;oabmwl n§dEIdif; vSL'gef;jcif;jzifh ausat; onfh enf;vrf;rsm;udkvnf; avhvmod&Sd&ygonf/