Untitled Document

(u) yk*Hacwf

yk*HacwfwGif rif;quf (55)quf &Sdavonf/ yk*Hrif;quf (42)qufajrmuf taemf&xmrif;apm eef;rwufrDtcsdefu Ak'¨ omoemawmf a&muf&SdNyD; jzpfaomfvnf; wdk;wufxGef;um;jcif; r&Sdao;acs/ omoemawmf npfEGrf;apaom t&nf;BuD;rsm;aMumifh wa&GUa&GU tm;enf;vmí yd#uwfawmf r&Sdao;jcif;aMumifh ykyÜg;apm &[ef;vufxufwGif t&nf;BuD;wdkY tvGeftm;aumif;vmum rif;ESifhwuG wpfjynfvHk;tm; vTrf;rdk;vmcJhonf/
taemf&xmrif;apm eef;wufNyD;onfhaemuf oxHkNrdKUrS <ua&mufvmaom &Sift&[Hudk zl;ajrmfawGUonfrS pí yk*HwGif Ak'¨omoemawmf yGifhvef;vmacs\/ (tus,fudk tcef; 3 (u) Ak'¨omoemudk vdkvm;pGm aqmif&Gufaom rif;rsm; u@wGif azmfjyNyD; jzpf\/) taemf&xmrif;apm taejzifh vufaqmif yPÖmrsm; qufoí oxHkrEl[mxHrS yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk ylaZmfcGifhawmif;&m rEl[mrif;\ racsriH ajymqdkrI? yifhaqmif ylaZmfcGifh rjyKrIrsm;aMumifh ppfa&;enf;jzifh wdkufcdkufodrf;,lonfh tqifhokdY a&muf&SdcJhonf/
,if; tjzpftysufudk axmufcsifhygu omoema&;udpöudk Ak'¨\ tqHk;trt& El;nHhodrfarGUaom enf;jzifh ajz&Sif;&rnf jzpfaomfvnf; xdkacwfumv\ taetxm;t&vnf;aumif;? t,ltqydkif;qdkif&mt&vnf;aumif;? jyóemjzpfyGm;aom um,uH&Sifrsm;onf jynfh&Sifbk&ifrsm;jzpfívnf;aumif; ppfa&; enf;jzifh ajz&Sif;vdkufMuaMumif; awGU&Sd&onf/ oxHkaejynfawmf wpf0dkufwGif Ak'¨omoemawmf xGef;um;aeonfhtm;avsmfpGm omoema&; rIcif;udpörsm;wGif bk&m;&Sif ynwfawmfrlcJhaom 0denf;a'oemawmfESifh tnD ajz&Sif;aqmif&GufzG,f&m &Sdayonf/ Ak'¨\ tqHk;trrsm;udk rsm;pGm av;pm; wefzdk;xm;aMumif; xif&Sm;ayonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqkdaomf &SifawmfAk'¨\ w&m; awmfrsm;udk av;pm;wefzdk;xm;rIESifh ywfoufí taemf&xm bk&if\ arwåm&yfcHcsufudk vufrcHbJ BuD;rm;onfh ppfa&;udpö BuD;tjzpf a&muf&Sd jzpfay:apjcif;onf omoemawmfudk vGefpGm jrwfEdk;ojzifh tjcm;olwyg;tm; udk;uG,fcGifhudkyifvQif ray;vdk aom qE´jzpfay:aMumif; xif&Sm;ayonf/
yk*HacwfwGif Ak'¨omoema&;qkdif&m rIcif;udpörsm; ta&;,l aqmif&Gufcsuf rSwfwrf;rsm; txl; rawGU&acs/
odkYygaomfvnf; Ak'¨omoemawmf yGifhvef;pumv pdwftm; xufoefcdkufjzpfí omoema&;qdkif&m rIcif;udpörsm; enf;yg;ao; onf[k ,lq&ef &Sdonf/ txl;ojzifh &Sifbk&ifESifh oHCmawmfrsm;\ qufqHa&;onf t"dutusqHk; jzpfonf/ ta&;ygvSonf/ jynfh&Sifbk&if taemf&xmrif;apmonf w&m;ESifh tnD usifhMuHí omoemhtqHk;tr &Sdonfjzpf&m &[ef;awmfrsm;uvnf; EkdifiH ta&;ESifh ywfoufvmvQif jynfh&Sifbk&ifü tcuftcJ&SdaevQif raeomcJhacs/ yk*H&mZ0ifwGif w,fwkjynf (yDuif;)odkY oHCmawmf t&Sif'domysmrkwfac: (t&Sif'domygarmu©) onf &moDOwk vrf;yef;c&D; Murf;wrf;aom a'oodkY vtwefMumrQ oGm;a&mufum ppfa&;udpörsm; ray:aygufatmif 0ifa&muf ajz&Sif;ay;cJhonfh om"u &Sdayonf/ (t&Sif'domygarmu©\ c&D;oGm;rSwfwrf;toGif a&;xdk;xm;aom ausmufpmonf yk*HacwfwGifvnf;aumif;? ordkif;aMumif;wGifvnf;aumif; txl; xif&Sm; ausmfMum;vsuf &Sdayonf/)
taemf&xmrif;BuD;\ yk*Honf yxrjrefrmEkdifiHawmftjzpf pnf;vHk;nDñGwfaom rif;aejynf jzpf½HkrQomru ax&0g'xGef; um;&mtcsuftcsma'o jzpfcJhonf/ xD;vIdif&Sif (usefppfom; at'D 1084-1113)vufxufwGif a&;xdk;cJhaom ausmufpmrsm; t& ax&0g'Ak'¨omoemawmf qufvuf tm;aumif;vsuf &SdaMumif; awGU&onf/ e&ywdpnfolrif;vufxufwGif oD[dkVfESifh tquftoG,frsm;cJhonfhtavsmuf ax&0g'Ak'¨omoemawmf onf EkdifiHt0ef; xGef;um;aecsdef jzpf\/
yk*Hacwfü xif&Sm;vSaom oHCmawmfrSm &Sift&[H (t&Sif"r®'óD) yifwnf;/ &Sift&[Honf yk*HjynfodkY omoemawmf ,laqmifvmonfrS pí yxrOD;qHk;aom oHC&mZm? odkYr[kwf omoemydkif[k rSwf,lEdkifayonf/ taemf&xmrif;apm? apmvl;rif;? usefppfom;rif;? tavmif;pnfolrif;wdkY\ vufxuf omoemouú&mZf-1658? (at'D-1114) wdkifatmif oHC&mZm tjzpf &GufaqmifoGm;cJhonf/ &Sift&[H\ aemufyg oHCmaygif; tenf;qHk; (4108)yg; &Sdrnf[k &mZ0ifü qdk\/
at'D-13&mpk ausmufpmrsm;wGif 0denf;"dk&ftrnfcH q&mawmfwpfyg;\ trnfudk rMumcP azmfjyxm;onfudk awGU&\/ at'D-1216-ckrS pí ausmfMum;vmNyD; at'D-1261-ckESpfwGif 0denf;awmftwdkif; wpfqHcsnfr,Gif; vdkufem&rnf [laom jy|mef;csuf jyif;xefonfh oHCmh*dkPf;wGif acgif;aqmif vsuf &Sd\/ wpfzef e&ywdpnfolrif;vufxuf ouú&mZf-(543)wGif oD[dkVfodkY <uawmfrlaom qyÜ'rax&fESifh twl oD[dkVfrS rax&fav;yg; yk*HjynfodkY <ua&mufvmí yk*Homoem tvGefpnfum;aecsdef jzpfonf[k qdkEdkif\/ þodkYtm;jzifh yk*HacwfwGif ax&0g'omoemawmf txl; yGifhvef;cJh&mrS ---
ork"d&mZfrif;rS ausmfpGmrif;txd yk*Hrif; (55)qufajrmuf aemuf apmepf apmrGefepfvufxufwGif omoemawmf arS;rSdef vm\/ omoemouú&mZf-1912 (at'D 1369)yk*H NrdKUouf (1216)wGif yk*Haejynfawmf ysufpD;oGm;av\/

(c) yif;,acwf

yif;,acwfonf jrefrmouú&mZf-674-ckESpfwGif yif;, wpfpD;&Sif oD[olonf yif;,NrdKUudk wnfaxmifawmfrl\/ rif;quf ajcmufquf &Sdav&m NrdKUouftm;jzifh (52)ESpfcefY Mumjrifh\/ rif;tqufqufwdkYrSm---
(1) wpfpD;&Sif oD[ol (ouú&mZf-674-684)
(2) OZemrif; (ouú&mZf-684-704)
(3) ig;pD;&Sif ausmfpGm (ouú&mZf-704-712)
(4) ausmfpGm (ouú&mZf-712-721)
(5) e&ol (ouú&mZf-721-726)
(6) OZemajymif (ouú&mZf-726- )
wpfpD;&Sif oD[ol\vufxuf yif;,NrdKUwGif vZÆDayov &[ef;oHCm rsm;pGm r&Sdacs/ yk*Ht&nf;BuD;wdkYrS <uif;usefaom &Sifa,mift&nf;BuD;wdkYom trsm;tjym; &Sdaeao;\/ aemufydkif; umvwGif plVt&[Hrax&f? 'dAÁpu©Krax&fwdkY <uvmojzifh vZÆDayov &[ef;awmfrsm; wdk;yGm;um omoemawmf wdk;wuf vmcJh\/
ouú&mZf-684-ckESpfwGif wpfpD;&Sif oD[ol\ om;awmf tBuD; tdrfa&SUrif; OZemonf rif;tjzpfodkY a&mufawmfrl&m pum;opfjzifh ausmif;(7)ausmif; aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;jcif;? v,fajrrsm;udk vSL'gef;jcif; ponfjzifh omoemawmfudk csD;ajr§mufaomaMumifh a&S;uxuf ydkrdkpnfyifvm\/ &Sift&[H\ tquftEG,f (yk&droHCm*dkPf;) &[ef;awmfrsm;udk (2) ausmif;? oD[dkVf t&SiftmeE´m\ tquftEG,f «ypädroHCm*dkPf;» &[ef;awmfrsm;udk (5)ausmif; wifvSL\/
þodkY omoemawmf pnfyifvsuf &Sd&mrS aemufydkif;wGif 0denf;awmfESifh qefYusifonfh tjyKtrlrsm; vkyfvmMuukef\/ xdktjyKtrl tjcif;t&mrsm;udk rESpfoufonfh &[ef;awmf tcsKdUonf ppfudkif;awmif bDvl;ukef;ponfü oDwif;oHk;í awm&aqmufwnfMu\/ vZÆDESifh tvZÆD? oDv0EÅESifh 'kóDv wdkYonf Mum&SnfpGm 'GefwGJí r&paumif;onfrSm p½dkuftavh "r®wm jzpfay\/ odkYjzpf&m NrdKU&GmteD; oDwif;oHk;aom &[ef;rsm;udk *gr0goD A[kpm& (*gr0goD*kdPf;)? awmawmift&yfwGif rSDwif; aeawmfrlaom oHCmtrsm;udk awmae{upm& (t&n0g-oD*dkPf;)[lí jzpfay:vm\/
NrdKUae*gr0goDudk ]]yGJausmif;}}[k ac:\/ yGJausmif;*gr0goD &[ef;rsm;wGif (1) 0w¬KuHodrf; (2) omoempdk; (3) 0wfpm;oHCm [lí oHk;rsKd; oD;jcm; cefYxm;onf/
(1) 0w¬KuHodrf;onf tcGefb@mudk aumufcHodrf; qnf;&onf/
(2) omoempdk;onf w&m;ESifhtnD usifhaqmifMu&ef qHk;r&onf/
(3) 0wfpm;oHCmonf tzdkYtpk a0zefonfudk cHpm;& onf/
0w¬KuHrdk;ajr? tcGefb@m aumufcHodrf;qnf;onfh &[ef;rsm;onf ]]oHC&mZm? oCFZm}}[k aemufydkif;wGif oD;jcm; jzpfvmonf/ 0w¬KuHrdk;ajrudk rSDí tcGefaumufcHrIrsm;aMumifh trItcif;rsm; yGm;rsm;vmNyD; 0denf;odu©m y&d,wf y#dywfrsm;ü avQmh&J&J jzpfvmonf/ rif;rIudpörsm; vlrIudpörsm; a&maESm ½IyfaxG;vmaomtcg taemf&xm vufxufrS t<uif;tusef t&nf;BuD;&Sifa,mifrsm;onf *gr0goD (yGJausmif;*dkPf;) twGif;odkY wjznf;jznf; 0ifvmcJhMuonf/
þodkYjzifh ouú&mZf-704ckESpfwGif (5)pD;&SifausmfpGm rif;tjzpfodkY a&muf&Sdvmonf/ (5)pD;&Sif\ vufxufwGif yGJausmif;*gr0goD*dkPf;ESifhtwl yk*Hvufusef t&nf;BuD; &Sifa,mifrsm; &Sdaeovdk oHCmtppftrSefrsm;vnf; rsm;jym;í tqdk;taumif; xyfwlxyfrQ &Sdav\/ jynfh&Sifbk&if (5)pD;&Sif ausmfpGm a&SUawmfodkYyif &[ef;twkta,mif wpfyg; qGrf;cH <uvmonftxd &Jwif;aom tjzpftysufwpfck &SdcJhonf/ þodkYaom omoemhtEÅ&m,frsm; a&maESmaeNyD; 0denf;awmf\ tya&mufaeonfh tvZÆDtwkta,mifrsm; wjznf;jznf; vTrf;rdk;xm;\/
yGJausmif;[laom pum;wGif yGJqdkonfum; vltrsm;pk½Hk;&m Xme[kqdkvdkonf/ ausmif;[lonfum; twwfynm oifMum;&m Xme[k t"dyÜg,f&onf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh w&m;tm;xkwf&m Xme olawmfoljrwfwdkY udef;0yf&mXmeudkvnf; ausmif;[kac: onf/ odkYjzpf&m yGJausmif;[lonf vltrsm;pk½Hk;í twwfynm oifMum;&mXme[k qdkvdkonf/ jrefrmouú&mZf-1174ck (at'D-1802)wGif wpfBudrf? jrefrmouú&mZf 1217-ck(at'D-1855)wGif wpfBudrf ESpfBudrfwdkifwdkif yGJausmif;rsm;udk ESdrfeif; ta&;,l&onf txd jrefrmhordkif;wGif jzpfay:cJh\/
yGJausmif;*dkPf; cifBuD;rsm;onf aA'ifrEÅeftwwfç aq;0g;ç t*¾d&wfç "m;ckwfç vSHxdk;ç odkif;ç eyef;ç vufa0SUç qifpD;ç jrif;pD; twwfrsm;udk wwfuRrf;\/ vltrsm;ESifh a&maESmqufqH aexdkif\/ xdkacwf cifBuD;rsm;onf &[ef;r[kwfaom vlb0udk a&mufMuukef\/ 0denf;odu©myk'frsm;udk xdef;odrf;jcif; r&SdMubJ touf(69)ESpf&Sd atmifpnf;cHk oHC&mZm&[ef;BuD;onf vufa0SUowf aumif;vSojzifh wdkif;wyg; vlrsKd;jcm;ESifh xdk;owf&m atmifEdkifojzifh bk&ifrif;acgif udk,fwdkifuyif qkvmbfay;cJh\/ &[ef;rsm; usifh0wf ysuf,Gif;aeaomfvnf; bk&ifESifh jynfol jynfom;rsm;u vspfvsL½Ixm;Muav\/ omoemawmfESifh ywfoufí &[ef;&Sifvlrsm; ysufpD;vsuf &Sdacs\/

(*) ppfudkif;acwf

ppfudkif;ESifh yif;,wdkYonf acwfNydKifjzpfí rif;quf (7)quf &Sdonf/ wpfpD;&SifoD[ol\ om;awmf tocF,mapm,Gef; onf ouú&mZf-677-ckwGif ppfudkif;udk wnfí rif;jyK\/ ouú&mZf-677-726-txd NrdKUouf(50)cefY&Sd\/ ouú&mZf-726? uqkefvwGif ppfudkif;ysufí e,kefvwGif yif;,ysufonf/ tocF,mapm,Gef;vufxufwGif rif;nDrif;om;rsm;xHü trIxrf;aom &Sift&nf;BuD;rsm;&Sdaeao;aMumif; omoem vuFm&pmwrf;wGif vm&Sdonf/
omoema&;ESifh ywfoufí tjcm;xl;jcm;aom taxmuf txm;rsm; rawGU&Sd&acs/

(C) tif;0acwf

jrefrmouú&mZf-726-1113-ck (at'D 1364-1750)
tif;0acwfwGif rif;quf(30)&Sdí NrdKU\ oufwrf;rSm (388) jzpfavonf/
yxr tif;0rif;quf ouú&mZf-726-ckü owdk;rif;zsm;onf tif;0NrdKUudk wnfí eef;wufonf/ yxrtif;0rif;qufwGif
1/ owdk;rif;zsm; (ouú&mZf-726-729)
2/ rif;BuD;pGmapmfuJ (ouú&mZf-729-762)
3/ qifjzL&Sifw&zsm; (ouú&mZf-762-764)
4/ rif;acgifBuD; (ouú&mZf-764-783)wdkY jzpfMuonf/
'kwd,tif;0 rif;qufwGif ouú&mZf(783) qifjzLrsm;&Sif oD[olrS pí (ouú&mZf-804)txd rif;quf ajcmufquf &Sd\/ ¤if;wdkYrSm---
1/ qifjzL&Sif oD[ol (ouú&mZf-783-787)
2/ rif;vSi,f (ouú&mZf-787-...)
(eef;pH^3v)
3/ uav;aus;awmifndK (ouú&mZf-787-788)
4/ rdk;n§if;rif;w&m; (ac:)
rdk;n§if;owdk; (ouú&mZf-788-801)
5/ rif;&JausmfpGm (ouú&mZf-801-804)
6/ e&ywd (ouú&mZf-804-838) jzpf\/
wwd,tif;0acwfwGif ---
(1) jynfpkefrif; oD[ol (ouú&mZf? 838-842)
(2) 'kwd,rif;acgif (ouú&mZf? 842-863)
(3) a&Teef;aMumh&Sif e&ywd (ouú&mZf? 863-888)
(4) odk[efbGm; (ouú&mZf? 888-904)
(5) tkef;abmifcHkrIdif; (ouú&mZf? 904-907)
(6) rdk;jAJe&ywd (ouú&mZf? 907-913)
(7) pnfolausmfxif (ouú&mZf? 913-916)
ouú&mZf 916-pnfolausmfxifvufxuf [Hom0wD qifjzLrsm;&Sif bk&ifhaemifrif;w&m;BuD;onf tif;0udk wdkufcdkuf odrf;,l&mwGif eef;usí vGwfvyfaom tif;0eef;pHrif;quf jywf\/
yxrtif;0acwfwGif tOD;qHk; NrdKUwnf eef;wnfaom owdk;rif;zsm;onf ouú&mZf 726-ckepf waygif;v tif;0NrdKU wnfrnf[k pDrHawmfrlpOf tdyfrufjrifruf&m avmu'DyeDusrf; a&;om;aom yefolBuD; oHC&mZmrS xdktdyfrufudk zwf&\/ þrif;vufxuf omoemawmf txl; rxif&Sm;? &Sifqdk; &Sifysuf wdkYom &Sdaeao;aMumif; xif&Sm;onf/ eef;pnf;pdrf(3)ESpfom &Sdí omoemawmfudk *½krpdkufEdkifacs/
ouú&mZf 730-ckESpfwGif rif;jrwfjzpfaom rif;BuD;pGmapmfuJ vufxuf omoemawmf rwdk;rqkwf &Sd\/ rif;BuD;pGmapmfuJonf rif;om;tjzpfESifh tjrifhNrdKUrSm aepOfu ausmif;aqmufukd;uG,f cJhaom tjrifhq&mawmfudk yifhí xD;jzLESifhwuG vSLNyD;vQif omoemudk tyfESif;\/ (omoemydkif wifonf[k rSwf,l&rnf jzpf\/) omoema&; udpörsm;udk omoemydkifESifh rif;wdkY n§dEdIif; aqmif&Gufonfh taetxm;&Sd\/
rif;BuD;pGmapmfuJvufxufrS pí omoemawmfonf ,cifh,cifuuJhodkY r[kwfbJ ydkrdk pnfyif yGifhvef;vm\/ pmwwf aywwf &[ef;oHCm trsm;tjym;onf tif;0acwfwGif rsm;pGm ay:xGufvmcJhonf/ tjrifhq&mawmf? yifv,faus;oHC&mZm? &cdkifr[moHC&mZm? t&Sifo'¨r®XdwdwkdYonf rif;BuD;pGmapmfuJ vufxufwGif txl;xif&Sm;aom omoemydkifrsm; jzpf\/ rif;acgifBuD;\ vufxufwGif atmifpnf;cHk oHC&mZmonf vufa0SUowfaumif;í xif&Sm;\/ (tus,fudk a&SUydkif; yif;,acwf cifBuD;rsm;u@wGif azmfjyNyD;) e&ywdrif; vufxufwGif acsmif;qHkq&mawmfonf omoemydkiftjzpf xif&Sm;\/
wwd,tif;0acwf 'kwd,rif;acgifvufxufwGif omoemawmf\ &mZ0ifü txl; xif&Sm;vSaom rIcif;wpf&yf jzpfyGm;cJhonf/

&SifOwårausmfESifh cHkawmfarmifusyef;

jzpfyGm;Muaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf jrefrmhpmayordkif;wGif xl;jcm;xif&Sm;vSaom &SifOwårausmfESifh pum;t&mü uRrf;usif yg;eyf y&d,m,f<u,f0aomaMumifh armifMuHKyef;rS armifusyef; [k ajymif;vJ ac:a0:&aom a&SUaetausmf cHkawmfarmifusyef;wdkY jzpf\/
aumZmouú&mZf-859-ckESpfü &SifOwårausmfonf tif;0 aejynfawmfodkY <uvmawmfrl\/ xdkpOfu q&mawmf\ 0gawmfrSm (23)0g? oufawmfrSm (44)ESpf jzpf\/ tif;0odkY <ua&mufvm&jcif;\ taMumif;rSm bk&ifrif;jrwf udk;uG,fí ppfudkif;NrdKU xlyg½Hkbk&m;teD; &wemAdrmefausmif;awmfBuD;wGif pmayydkYcsvsuf omoemhtusKd; o,fydk;aeaom t&Sifr[m oDv0Houdk zl;awGUvdkojzifhvnf;aumif;? aejynfawmfq&mawmf rsm;\ pmayydkYcsenf;udk avhvmvdkojzifhvnf;aumif;? vTwf½Hk; (5)&yfrS z,f&Sm;xkwfypfum xm;&onfqkdaom cHkawmftausmf a&SUae armifusyef;udk awGUvdkaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; <uvmjcif; jzpfonf/
t&SifOwåronf tif;0odkY eHeuftapmwGif a&muf&Sd vm&m a&S;u rnfonfh q&mawmf oHCmawmfwdkYxHudkrQ ra&mufzl;ojzifh ausmif;wdkufrsm;&Sd&modkY r<uwwfbJ NrdKUwGif;odkYom <uawmfrlvm\/ odkYjzifh armifusyef; aeaom jyifpnfwef;t&yfodkY trSwfrxif a&mufvmí t&yfol t&yfom; 0wfwuf0wfuyfjyKvkyf&m "r®m½HkwGif 'g,um wpfa,mufESifh awGUí pum;ESD;aESm ajymqdkae\/
xdktcdkuf cHkawmfarmifusyef;onf aetdrfrS wHjrufpnf; wpfzuf yef;cdkifwpfzuf vuf0,fpGJudkifí 0wfwufaeus "r®m½Hk&Sd&modkY xGufvmcJhonf/ ¤if;udk t&SifOwårESifh pum;ajym aeaom 'g,um jrifí ñTefjyNyD; armifusyef;jzpfaMumif; ajymqdkavQmufxm;av\/ xdktcg awmifwGif;q&mawmfonf rdrdawGUvdkolESifh wrif csdef;xm;ouJhodkY awGUqHkvm&onfudk pOf;pm;qifjcifrdav\/
xdktckdufüyif armifusyef;onf "r®m½HkodkY wufí rdrdü ygvmaom yef;rsm;udk bk&m;wifvSLNyD;vQif awmifwGif; q&mawmf t&SifOwårteD;odkY vmí &Sdcdk;OD;wifjcif;paom ]]*g&0}} trIrsKd; rjyKbJ wifysOfacG 0ifí xdkif\/ xdkYaemuf ]]OD;yÍöif;BuD;...tb,ft&yfu vmoenf;}}[k ar;avQmuf aomf t&SifOwåru awmifwGif;BuD;u vmaMumif; rdeYfawmfrl\/ qufvufí ---
]]'g,um...bkef;BuD; ,ckvmom vm&onf? or*¾ yk*¾dKvfwdkYonf rnfonfhausmif;wdkufrSm &Sdonf[lí rodao;? aeYqGrf;pm;&ef ta&;vnf; tcsdefeD;acsNyD? xdkYaMumifh þt&yfrSm bkef;BuD;wpfyg;pmavmuf qGrf;zdwfMum;vQif &Edkifygrnfavm[k ar;jref;&m armifusyef;u ]]OD;yÍöif;BuD;...jrwfpGmbk&m; omoemawmf aevdk vvdk xGef;um;aeaom rif;aejynfawmf BuD;rSm qGrf;wpftkyfavmuf zdwfMum;í &ygrnfavm[k tb,fhaMumifh ar;&bdoenf;? qGrf;wpftkyfrQES,fudk b,ftdrfrSmrqdk yg;½dkufzdwfawmh &Edkifonf}}[k 0oDtavsmuf armufarmufrdkrdk avQmufqdkvdkuf\/
t&SifOwåronf xdkpum;udk Mum;NyD;onfhaemuf qHk;r&ef &nf&G,fcsufjzifh yxr'g,um ñTefjyxm;aom "r®m½HkteD;&Sd armifusyef;\ aetdrfodkY <ua&mufoGm;av\/ armifusyef;\ ZeD;tm; aetdrfü tcefYoifh awGUaomf yg;½dkufí qGrf;uyfap avonf/ xdktcsdefwGif armifusyef;onf "r®m½Hkü &Sdaecdkuf jzpf&m yg;½dkufí qGrf;csufcdkif;onfh ½kwf½kwfoJoJ owif;Mum; aomf tdrfodkY jyefvmNyD; tusKd;taMumif; ar;\/ t&SifOwåru "r®m½HkwGif awGUpOfu armifusyef; ajymcJhaom pum;tavsmuf ig ,ck jyKvkyfí qGrf;uyfcdkif;onf jzpf&m ,ck oif\ r,m;udk ½dkufjcif;um; ig ½dkufonf rrnf? oif½dkufonf rnfawmh\[k rdefYawmfrl\/
xdkpum;udk Mum;aomf armifusyef;onf a'gotrsuf jyif;pGm xGufaomfvnf; udk,fh½SL;udk,fywf qdkouJhodkY rdrdpum;ESifh rdrdxdcdkufaeonfuwpfaMumif;? rdrdonf &wemoHk;yg;udk ½dkaoudkif;½Idif;ol ynm&Sd wpfql jyKvkyfí aeaom Ak'¨bmom jrefrmtrsKd;om; jzpfí Ak'¨bmom0if omoemh 'g,um jrefrm rif;rsm;vufxufjzpfí &[ef;awmfrsm;udk vlwdkYu qGJudkif ½dkufykwf jyKvkyfaomf BuD;av;aom &mZ0wfjypf'Pfudk cH&½HkrQru oydwfarSmufuH oifhrnfu wpfaMumif;wdkYaMumifh t&SifOwårtm; qGJiifjcif; rjyK0HhbJ aqmufwnf&mr& jzpfae\/
tdrfay: tdrfatmuf vl;vm acgufwHkYjyKvsuf rdef;r jzpfoludkom ]][Jh...eifh vifpm;zdkY jrefjrefcsuf? usufvQif jrefjref auR;vdkuf? ightdrfay:aeonfudk rMunhfvdk}}[k Budrf;armif; ajymqdk\/ cPMumjyefaomf rD;zdkaqmif0rSm &yfjyefí ]]eifh vifudk jrefjrefauR;vdkuf? ckawmif rusufao;bl;avm}}ponfjzifh ajymqdkjyef\/
awmifwGif;q&mawmfum; armifusyef;ajymorQpum; tukef tpif Mum;odaomfvnf; ig;yg;aom £a`E´jzifh xuf0,fzJGU acGvsuf rwkefrvIyf ae&m armifusyef;onf BudwfrEdkif cJr&jzifh trsufa'go ydkí ydkí jzpfvm\/
xdkodkYjzifh usufNyD;aom [if;usef[if;at;ESifh ylylaEG;aEG; csufxm;aom qGrf;udk cl;í tvsiftjref uyfvmaom armifusyef; rdef;rtm; qGrf;bkOf;ay;NyD;í qGrf;yGJodrf;qnf;tHh tcsdefwGif awmifwGif;q&mawmfu vufqGJudkifNyD; ]][Jh rmwk*gr... eifh vifu eifhudk igESifh ay;pm;xdrf;jrm;NyD;NyD? ighaemufodkY eifvdkuf&rnf}}[k qdk\/ xdkodkY xyfrHí ½kwf½kwfoJoJ tcsif; rsm;Mujyefaomf cHkawmfarmifusyef;onf tqHk;wdkif rausreyf jzpfum oHC&mZmq&mawmfBuD;rsm;xH oGm;a&mufwdkifMum; av\/
oHC&mZmq&mawmfBuD;u ok"r®mq&mawmfrsm;ESifh ppfaq;&ef ñTefMum;ojzifh ESpfzufum,uH&Sifrsm;tm; rIcif; wpf&yftjzpf ac:,lppfaq;&avawmhonf/ a&S;OD;pGm armifusyef;u yg;½dkufí qGrf;zdwfjcif;onf tmywfoifhaMumif;udk ygVdawmfü odu©myk'f txift&Sm; &Sdonf[lívnf;aumif;? "r®owfaMumif;rSmvnf; rmEkódu "r®owf yÍörwGJvm ykwfcwfjcif;(10)yg;udk jyqdkaom pum;ü yg; em; rsufESm ykwfcwfygu aiGESpfq,f 'Pfaqmifap[lí qdkxm;aMumif;udk vnf;aumif; tudk;tum;jzifh wifavQmuf\/
xdkYtjyif tdrf&Sif\ tcGifhr&bJ tdrfOD;cef;wufaeNyD;vQif &[ef;wdkYESifh ravsmufywfaom trItjzpf rmwk*grvufudk qGJukdifí ig\ rdef;rjzpfacsNyD[k qdkjcif;üvnf; rmEkódu"r®owf "r®0dvmo"r®owfyg jypfrIjypfcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnDjcif;tjyif 0denf;awmfwGif rmwk*grvufudk qGJudkifjcif;? qHxHk;udk qGJudkifjcif; paom t*FgBuD;i,fudk oHk;oyfjcif;jyKygu oHCm'dodoftmywf oifhaMumif; ponfjzifh "r®owf0denf;rsm;udk udk;um;í qdkacs\/
xdktcg awmifwGif;q&mawmfu armifusyef;\ pGJqdkcsuf pum;[lorQudk wpfvHk;wpfyg'rQrusef acsyí avmuDa&; "r®owfaMumif; 0denf;aMumif;wdkYjzifh atmufygtwdkif; avQmufvJ ajzqdkav\/
tuREkfyfonf &[ef;jzpfonfrSpí udk,f EIwf ESvHk; apmifhpnf;½HkrQru wpf&Hwpfqpf owdrvpfcJhaMumif;? yg;½dkufí qGrf;zdwfonfrSmvnf; armifusyef;\ tjyKtrlESifh EIwfxGuf pum;rsm;t& qHk;rvdkí jzpfaMumif;? rmEkódu "r®owfvm pum;rsm;t& ¤if;rmwk*grtm; vufqJGjcif;rSmvnf; armifusyef;udk,fwdkif pdwfjywf EIwf>rufí xkwfazmfay;pm; ajymqdkojzifh ]]eifyif ighrdef;r jzpfacsNyD}}[k qdkxdkufí qdkjcif; jzpfaMumif; acsyav\/
0denf;aMumif;t&vnf; um,oHo*¾&m*pdwf vHk;0 r&SdvQif oHCm'dodoftmywf roifh[lí vm&Sdonfhtavsmuf um,oHo*¾&m*pdwfESifh qGJjcif;r[kwfaMumif;? ,ckjyKrlcsuf rsm;udk jyK&jcif;onfvnf; &[ef;oHCmrsm;tay:üvnf;aumif;? NrdKUol &Gmom; vltrsm; tay:üvnf;aumif; ynmrmefjzifh apmfum; jyKrlwwfonf[k ausmfMum;aom armifusyef;\ rmefrmeudk csKd;ESdrf qHk;rjcif; jzpfaMumif; jynfhpHkpGm avQmufxm; acsyav\/
awmifwGif;q&mawmf\ avQmufvJcsufrsm;rSm ydkifEdkif xdrdvSonfjzpfí ESpfbufacsqdk pum;rsm;t&vnf;aumif;? usrf;*eft&yf&yfjzifhvnf;aumif; a&SUaemufpum; qufpyf n§dEIdif;qifjcifí &[ef;awmf t&SifOwårtay: armifusyef;\ pGJqdkcsufrsm;rSm tajctjrpf,kwåd r&Sd[k oHk;oyfum t&SifOwårtm; tEdkifay;vdkuf\/ armifusyef;udkrl &[ef;awmfrsm;udk apmfum; ojzifh oydwfarSmufuH oifhap\/
awmifwGif; t&SifOwåronfvnf; armifusyef;tm; tEkdif qHk;rEdkifonfjzpfí xdktcgrS pwifum ]]ausmf}} wpfvHk;wdk;um awmifwGif;q&mawmf &SifOwårausmf[lí ac:a0:oHk;pGJvmonfrSm ,aeYwdkif jzpf\/ oydwfarSmufuHoifhaom armifusyef;udk &SifOwårausmftm; awmif;yef0efcsap\/
ok"r®mq&mawmfBuD;rsm;onf &SifOwårausmfudk ac:í ok"r®mZ&yfteD;&Sd odrfBuD;odkY <uawmfrlMu\/ armifusyef;udkum; pdkpGwfaom qHyifudk aemufodkY zm;vsm;csxm;apí pm;zdkjym wpfqkyfudk ausmv,frSm okwfvdrf;ap\/ xdkYaemuf armifusyef; onf q&mawmf oHCmawmfwdkYESifh &SifOwårausmf&Sd&modkY rsufESmrlí xdjcif;ig;yg;ESifh nDpGm &Sdcdk;NyD;aomf ---
]]tuREfkyfonf rodrvdr®m rdkufrJí &[ef;awmf t&Sif Owårtm; pdwfjzifhvnf;aumif;? EIwfjzifhvnf;aumif; jypfrSm; rdygonf/ ,ck aemifw&í jypfrSm;rdorQ tjypfwdkY aysmufyg apjcif;iSm oHk;Budrfuefawmhyg\/ uefawmh&aom tusKd;tm; aMumifh tjypfab;'PfrS uif;vGwfcsrf;omí r*fzdkvfedAÁmefudk &ygvdk\ bk&m;}}[laom t"dyÜg,fvm *gxmjzifh &Gwfqdkí awmif;yefav\/ xdktcg oydwfarSmufonfh yk*¾dKvf t&Sif Owårausmfuvnf; ]]ig onf;cH\? oifhü usa&mufrnfh ab;taygif;onf uif;pif vGifhaysmufapownf;}}[laom *gxmudk &Gwfqdkí ajyausaMumif; pum;udk rdefYqdkav\/
,if;odkY &SifOwårausmfu ajyausaMumif; rdefYqdkNyD;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf oHCmawmfwdkYonf armifusyef;ü usa&mufvwåHUaom 'Pf&Sdu rusa&mufap&ef ur®0g oHk;acguf zwfawmfrlMuonf/ þodkY q&mawmfBuD;rsm;onf ]]oydwfarSmufjcif;}}wnf;[laom udpöudk aqmif&GufNyD;aomf ]]'umarmifusyef;...igwdkYu oifhtm; oem;ojzifh onf;cHu,f,ljcif;trIudk jyKNyD;MuNyD? oifonf awmifwGif;q&mawmf t&SifOwår <uvwåHUaom þtdrf txGufrS ckepfawmifwm ckepfwm&Sdatmif þvrf;twdkif; oifudk,fwdkif oJxrf;í oJvrf;jzefYMuJcif;usif;jcif;trIudk jyK&rnf/ &SifOwårausmfudkvnf; oHo&m0JMoCrS xkwfaqmif u,fwifay;aom aus;Zl;&Sifq&mawmftjzpf rSwf,l&rnf}}[k rdefYawmfrlMu\/
armifusyef;onf q&mawmfBuD;rsm;\ trdefYtwdkif; &SifOwårausmf oGm;rnfhvrf;udk oJxrf;í cif;&av\/ NyD;vQif &SifOwårausmftm; ]],aeYrS pí bk&m;wynfhawmftm; oem;ojzifh wynfh&if;[k rSwfawmfrlyg? ypönf;av;yg; 'g,um [kvnf; rSwfawmfrlyg bk&m;/ wynfhawmfuvnf; q&m&if; [lí vnf;aumif;? vlwdkYudk oHo&mrS xkwfaqmifu,fwifavh &Sdawmfrlaom t&d,moHCmawmfjrwf [lívnf;aumif; t&Sifbk&m;udk rSwf,ludk;uG,fygrnf}}[k 0efcHavQmufxm;\/
þcHkawmfarmifusyef;\ tjzpftysufudk qef;ppfygu ouú&mZf(859)ck tif;0acwfonfum; omoemawmfpnfyif aeNyD; tjypf&Sdoltm; oJ'Pf a&'Pfay;jcif; trItcif;rsm;udk ok"r®mq&mawmfrsm; tpktpnf;jzifh qHk;jzwfaeNyDjzpfaMumif; od&SdEdkifonf/ xdkYjyif q&mawmfBuD;rsm;xHyg;wGif r[m'gef0ef r[m'gefpma&;rsm; cefYxm; aqmif&GufaeNyDjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
wwd, tif;0acwf 'kwd,bk&ifrif;acgifESifh a&Teef;aMumh&Sif e&ywdvufxufwGif omoemawmf aevdkvvdk xGef;ycJhaomf vnf; ]]*i,foHk;ck OoQpfxk}}[k qdk½dk;&Sdaom ouú&mZf (888)odk [efbGm;rif; vufxufwGifum; omoemawmf viykyfzrf;ouJhodkY n§dK;rSdef qkwf,kwfcJh&avonf/ (tus,fudk tcef;-3? (c)wGif azmfjyNyD; jzpf\/)

(i) anmif&rf;acwf

{&m0wD? 'k|0wD? prHk? prm;? yef;avmifjrpfwdkY\ pD;qif;&m t0jzpfí t0NrdKU[kwGifaom tif;0onf yxrtBudrf owdk;rif;zsm; wnfaxmifí rif;tqufquf pdk;pHvmcJh&m aemufydkif;wGif omoemjyKrif;quf jywfí wdrfaumysufpD; oGm;cJhonf/
omoemouú&mZf (2143)ckESpf? aumZmouú&mZf(916) waygif;vqef; (2)&ufaeYwGif &wemyl&rnfaom tif;0 jynfBuD;udk anmif&rf;rif;onf 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf wnfaxmifí eef;pHawmfrl\? oD[ol&"r®&mZm[laom bGJUwHqdyfudk cH,l\/ anmif&rf;rif;quf yxrrif;quf (5)qufrSm---
1/ anmif&rf;rif; (ouú&mZf? 959-967)
2/ taemufbufvGefrif;w&m; (ouú&mZf? 967-990)
3/ rif;&J'dAÁ (ouú&mZf? 990-91)
4/ oD&dok"r®&mZmr[m"dywd (ouú&mZf? 991-1010)
(omvGefrif;w&m;)
5/ yif;wvJrif; (ouú&mZf? 1010-1023)
¤if;yxrrif;quf (5)quf\ vufxufwGif omoemawmf yGifhvif;pnfyif\/ omoemhA[kokwpmayrsm; ygVd jrefrm ESpfbmomjzifh usrf;*ef0w¬Krsm; NrdKifqdkifpGm xGef;um;cJh\/
'kwd,anmif&rf;rif;qufwGif
6/ jynfrif; (ouú&mZf? 1023-1034)
7/ e&m0&rif; (ouú&mZf? 1034-...)
8/ rif;&Jausmfxif (ouú&mZf? 1034-1060)
9/ oD&dr[moD[ol&"r®&mZm (ouú&mZf? 1060-1076)
(paerif;)
10/ od&Dy0& r[m"r®&mZm"dywd (ouú&mZf? 1076-1095)
(we*FaEGrif;)
11/ r[m"r®&mZm"dywd (ouú&mZf? 1095-1103)
anmif&rf;rif;qufonf anmif&rf;rif;rS pí r[m"r®&mZm "dywdtxd (11)quf &Sd\/ ouú&mZf (1034)wGif acwå eef;pH oGm;aom e&m0&rif;udk xnfhoGif;ra&wGufbJ anmif&rf;rif; q,fquf[k oHk;avh&Sd\/
awmifzDvmq&mawmf? a&TOrifq&mawmfponfh pmwwf aywwf q&mawmfBuD;rsm; rsm;pGm ay:xGufvmcJhonf/ anmif&rf;rif; (10)qufwGif aemufig;qufaom rif;wdkYonf vZÆD tvZÆD ra&G;cs,fbJ vSL'gef; csD;ajr§mufukef\/ xdkYaMumifh aemuf ig;qufaom rif;wdkY\ vufxufwGif omoem tvGef rpifMu,f jzpfav\/ vZÆD&[ef;aumif;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ tquf tEG,f rjywfatmif apmifha&SmufMu\/ xdkYtwl tvZÆD yk*¾dKvfwdkYonfvnf; ¤if;wdkY\ tpOftvm rjywfatmif apmifha&SmufMuukef\/

twif*dkPf; t½Hk*dkPf; uGJjym;jcif;tp

aumZmouú&mZf (1060)jynfhESpfwGif oD&dr[moD[ol& "r®&mZmbGJUcH paerif; eef;wuf\/ &rnf;oif; rif;BuD; rif;&Jausmfxif\ om;awmf tdrfa&SUrif;om; jzpf\/ &rnf;oif; rif;BuD;\ vufxuf ayudk ppfaq; om;½dk;wdkYudk aq;'gef;jzifh tu©&m a&;om;NyD;vQif a&Tjzifh rGrf;rHjc,fvS,fí yd#uoHk;yHkudk xm;awmfrl&m ,if; rif;vufxufrS pí a&Ta&;yd#uwf ay:ayguf vmjcif; jzpf\/ a&S;a&S;rif;rsm; vufxufu unpfa&; rifa&; yd#uwfom &SdcJh\/
om;awmftdrfa&SUrif;\ vufxufwGif ov’m0wD csif;wGif;jrpf\ taemufbuf wHk&Gmausmif;ae t&Sif*kPmvuFm& rax&fonf omraPrsm;udk &GmwGif;odkY 0ifaomtcg ouFef;udk r½HkapbJ vuf0Jwpfzuf ycHk;xufüom wifapí 0ifap\/ ,yfudkvnf; udkifap\? ]]wHk*dkPf;}}[lí oD;jcm;wnf axmifNyD;vQif wHk&GmrSm aeavonf/ aemufydkif;wGif twif]]wHk *dkPf;}}[lí xif&Sm;vm\/ twif ]]wHk*dkPf;}} tpqHk;wnfaxmifaom t&Sif*kPmvuFm&rax&fonf ygVd t|uxm #DumwdkYudk ,xmblw userSefuefpGm rwwfajrmuf? tbd"r®myd#uwf udkomvQif wynfhrsm;tm; tcstydkYrsm;onf[k tqdk&Sd\/
xdktcg (1)auwkrwD awmifilNrdKUü aeaom t&SifAk'¨uFk& rax&f (2) t&Sifpdwårax&f (3) 'DyJ,if;NrdKU? aus;vuf awm&Gmae t&SifokeE´rax&f (4) w½kwfNrdKU? i&HUtdk&Gmae t&SifuvsmPrax&fwdkYonf omraPwdkYtm; &Gm0ifaomtcg ygVdawmft|uxmvmtwdkif; ouFef;½Hk ,yfudkifap&ef rdrdwdkY\ wynfhtoD;oD;udk qHk;rí aeMuukef\/ twif*dkPf;q&m wdkYonfum; ygVdt|uxm tudk;tum; tcdkiftrm r&Sd&um; ]]twifoifh0g'}}onf oD[dkVfrS a&mufvmaom owårpm&D rax&f\ tquftEG,f jzpfonf[k r[kwfrw&m; qdkMuukef\/ zsoD;q,f&Gm 'kóDv &[ef;vlxGufBuD;tm; wHpdk;vufaqmif ay;í ¤if;wdkY0g'ESifh avsmfnDatmif ]]plV*Pd²usrf;}}pum; jznfhpGuf ap\/
anmifpOfa&Tausmif;ae q&mawmfonf rdrd*dkPf;*Pydkif wdkYudk pk½Hk;í OD;xkyfa'gufcsmraqmif;aom t&n0goD vZÆD olawmfaumif; &[ef;wkdYudk r*Fvmr&Sdaom &[ef;[lí orkwfNyD;vQif tEdkiftxuf jyKí ESifxkwfukef\/ xdkYaemuf qifuJ&Gm ta&SUawmif olaX;uef\ taemufawmif awmausmif;wGif &[ef;(50)ausmfudk zsufqD;tHh[k *gr0goD OD;xkyfaqmif; &[ef;wkdY pk½Hk;í oGm;a&mufMu\/ xdktjcif;t&mudk paerif; odí *gr0goD wpf*dkPf;? t&n0goDwpf*dkPf; toD;tjcm; jzpfí *gr0goDwdkYudk zsufqD;jcif;iSm roifh? rdrdwdkY\ 0g'tm;avsmfpGm aexdkifap[k trdefYawmfjyefí wm;jrpfawmf rl&\/ xdktcgrS t&n0goD &[ef;trsm; csrf;om&m &ukef\/
xdkYaemuf ouú&mZf (1076) ckESpfwGif eef;wufaom we*FaEGrif; ouú&mZf (1095)wGif eef;wufaom r[m"r®&mZm "dywdrif; vufxufwdkifatmif twif*dkPf;? t½Hk*dkPf;onf ajyNidrf;jcif; r&SdcJhacs/ odkYjzifh [HomwDa&muf r[m"r®&mZm "dywdrif;w&m;BuD; vufxuf ouú&mZf(1113)ckESpf tif;0jynfBuD; ysufokOf;oGm;onfhwdkifatmif twift½Hkjyóemudk xda&mufpGm qHk;jzwfay;Edkifjcif; r&SdcJhacs/

(p) ukef;abmifacwf

jrefrmouú&mZf (1114-1247)
ukef;abmifacwfwGif rif;quf(11)quf&Sdí ESpfaygif; (133)ESpfrQ Mumonf/ ukef;abmifacwf\ yxrOD;qHk;aom rif;qufrSm wwd,jrefrmEdkifiHawmfudk wnfaxmifcJhaom a&Tbdk NrdKUwnf eef;wnf tavmif;rif; w&m;BuD; jzpfavonf/
ukef;abmifrif;quf (11)qufonfum; ---
(1) tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD; (ouú&mZf? 1114-1122)
(2) aemifawmfBuD;rif; (ouú&mZf? 1122-1125)
(3) qifjzL&Sifrif; (ouú&mZf? 1125-1138)
(4) pOfhul;rif; (ouú&mZf? 1138-1143)
(5) azmif;um;pm;armifarmif (ouú&mZf? 1143-...)
(6) bdk;awmfbk&m; (ouú&mZf? 1143-1181)
(7) bBuD;awmfbk&m; (ouú&mZf? 1181-1199)
(8) ukef;abmifrif; (ouú&mZf? 1199-1208)
(9) yk*Hrif; (ouú&mZf? 1208-1214)
(10) rif;wkef;rif; (ouú&mZf? 1214-1240)
(11) oDaygrif; (ouú&mZf? 1240-1247)
wdkY jzpfonf/
tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD;\ vufxuf jrefrmEdkifiHonf at;csrf;om,mojzifh rif;ESifhwuG jynfoljynfom;taygif; wdkYonf wpfvvQif av;oDwif;rysuf Oykofapmifhjcif;? tvSL'ge jyKjcif;paom ukodkvfaumif;rIrsm;udk rjywf tm;xkwfojzifh omoemawmf tvGef pnfyifxGef;um;\/ omoemawmf ysHUESHU wdk;wufap&ef rsm;pGm jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhonf/ 0denf;usrf;*efESifh rnDaom &[ef;wdkYudk r[m'gef0efrsm; cefYxm;í rjywf okwfoif &Sif;vif; ppfaMumaponf/
tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD; eef;wufNyD;aemuf wpfESpfcefY tMum ouú&mZf(1115)wGif twkvq&mawmfudk omoemydkif tjzpf bGJUwHqdyfrsm; qufuyfvSL'gef;onf/ twkvq&mawmf onf wdkif;a&;jynf&müyg tMuHÓPf tqHk;trrsm; ay;wwf\/ tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD;uvnf; omoemydkif q&mawmfay;onfh tMuHÓPfrsm;udk av;pm;vdkufem\/
twkvjzwfxHk;
twkvq&mawmf omoemydkiftjzpf pD&ifqHk;jzwfawmfrl cJhaom trItcif;rsm;onf ]]twkvjzwfxHk;}}[laom trnfjzifh ausmfMum;cJhayonf/ twkvjzwfxHk;wGif pD&ifqHk;jzwfonfhtrI (15)rsKd; yg&Sd\/ ¤if;wdkYonfum; ---
(1) avQmufxm;ol - aygufNrdKifwdkufae OD;y@dwESifh oHCmwpfpk
avQmufxm;cH&ol - OD;*kPvuFm
taMumif;&if; - y&dowftv,f xef;&nfcsKdaomuf jcif; trI
qHk;jzwfckESpf - ouú&mZf (1111)ckESpf? jymodkvqef; (5)&uf
(2) avQmufxm;ol - yÍöif;ÓP
avQmufxm;cH&ol - yÍöif;*rÇD
taMumif;&if; - aiGpifwpfrwf ay;í 0,fxm;aom OD;ÓPydkif "m;armufudk cdk;,lrI
qHk;jzwfckESpf - ouú&mZf (1118)ck? wefcl;vjynfhaeY
(3) avQmufxm;ol - &[ef;awmfBuD;&Gmae OD;*kPmu&
avQmufxm;cH&ol - ,if;awmfoHCmtrsm;
taMumif;&if; - &Srf;jynfü &[ef;jyKNyD; vluJhodkY av;vufeufESifh ,if;ppfajrrsm;udk wdkufjcif;trI
qHk;jzwfckESpf - ouú&mZf (1121)ck? ewfawmfvjynfhaeY
(4) avQmufxm;ol - rvS0ef
avQmufxm;cH&ol - bkef;BuD; &SifpHoGif
taMumif;&if; - rvS0efESifh tdrfaxmifzufrnf uwday;í tHk;tdyf&m ,SOftdyfNyD;rS &[ef;jyefí cHjcif;trI
qHk;jzwfckESpf - ouú&mZf (1112)ck? awmfovif; vjynfhaeY
(5) avQmufxm;ol - &[ef;awmf OD;om&0Ho
avQmufxm;cH&ol - &[ef;awmf OD;*kP
taMumif;&if; -wynfhjzpfoltm; ay;xm;aom oydwfouFef;rsm;udk rMunfromrS q&m OD;*kPu jyefí vk,laomtrI
qHk;jzwfckESpf - ouú&mZf (1120)ck? waygif;vqef; 1-&uf
(6) avQmufxm;ol - rdcsrf;om
avQmufxm;cH&ol - ,Gef;ausmif;oHCmrsm;
taMumif;&if; - rdcsrf;om vSL'gef;aom ausmif;tm; aqmufvkyf rNyD;rD ,Gef;ausmif; bkef;BuD; wufa&muf aexdkifNyD; ysHvGefí tjcm; rdcsrf;om qE´&Sdaom bkef;awmf BuD;tm; ausmif;xdkiftjzpf wifoifh^ rwifoifh/
qHk;jzwfckESpf - ouú&mZf (1122)ck? wydkYwGJvqef; (12)&uf
(7) avQmufxm;ol - yÍöif;OD;0drvmpm&
avQmufxm;cH&ol - yÍöif;OD;pE´vuFm
taMumif;&if; - w½kwfvSLvdkufaom ydk;pHkxdk; wpfq,fwefxD;udk aqmif;vm ojzifh OD;pE´vuFmrS rpHkrprf; vk,lí xD;udk qkwfjzwfypfjcif;trI/
qHk;jzwfckESpf - ouú&mZf (1121)ck? ewfawmfvqef; (1)&uf
(8) avQmufxm;ol - oHk;axmifhtdkif- OD;£E´om&
avQmufxm;cH&ol - ukuúdKpk- &Sif0& &Sif£E´om&
taMumif;&if; - vlyHktv,f tusKd;tjywf[k qdkjcif;
qHk;jzwfckESpf - ouú&mZf (1121)ck? uqkefvqef; (5)&uf
(9) avQmufxm;ol - rdndK
avQmufxm;cH&ol - r[m'gef-iyk
taMumif;&if; - armifjzpfol yÍöif; ysHvGefí ¤if; vuf0,f usef&Sd aiGESpfq,fudk ydkifoifh^ rydkifoifh tjiif;yGm;rI
qHk;jzwfckESpf - ouú&mZf (1120)jynfhESpf? awmfovif; vqef; (5)&uf
(10) avQmufxm;ol - bGm;ndK
avQmufxm;cH&ol - bkef;BuD;cif*kPESifh a':'Gef;ZHom; iyef;ndK? iausmydef;
taMumif;&if; - bGm;ndK\ usDjrif;apmif;twGif; jr§KyfESHxm;aom aiGESpfydóm aysmuf qHk;rI
qHk;jzwfckESpf - ouú&mZf (1118)? wefcl;vqef; (15)&uf
(11) avQmufxm;ol - bGm;vS
avQmufxm;cH&ol - yÍöif;yef;ausmf
taMumif;&if; - bGm;vSorD;tm; qdwfuG,f&mü qGJudkifzuf&rf;rI
qHk;jzwfckESpf - ouú&mZf (1112)ck? wefaqmifrkef; vqkwf(5)&uf
(12) avQmufxm;ol - OD;apmfbGm;
avQmufxm;cH&ol - OD;csif;+a':a*gif;yHk
taMumif;&if; - OD;apmfbGm;orD;tm; tdrfaxmif zufrnf[k pyf,SufNyD;rS &[ef; jyKoGm;onfhtrI
qHk;jzwfckESpf - ouú&mZf (1113)ck? uqkefvqef; (15)&uf
(13) avQmufxm;ol - ra*gif;ZH
avQmufxm;cH&ol - armifyÍöif;xGef;ausmf
taMumif;&if; - ra*gif;ZHtm; oabmwl a&mufayguf pyf,SufNyD; tdrfaxmifzufrnf[k ajymNyD;rS yÍöif;ESpf0g jyKvdkí[k qdkum yÍöif;0wfoGm;ojzifh ,ckom; wpfa,mufESifh qif;&Jaejcif;trI
qHk;jzwfckESpf - ouú&mZf (1113)ck? wefcl;vqef; (1)&uf
(14) avQmufxm;ol - rNidrf;aumif;
avQmufxm;cH&ol - armifyÍöif;aumif;xif
taMumif;&if; - &[ef;rjyKrD vlvufxuf a&muf aygufpyf,SufNyD; vifr,m;t&m ajrmufNyD;rS ausmif;odkY wdwfwdwf oGm;í &[ef;jyKrI
qHk;jzwfckESpf - ouú&mZf (1112)ck? 0gqdkvjynfhaeY
(15) avQmufxm;ol - ixGef;
avQmufxm;cH&ol - yÍöif;ia&Ttif;
taMumif;&if; - orD;jzpfoltm; a&mufayguf pyf,Suf NyD;rS tdrfaxmifzufrjyK w&m;pD&if rcHbJ &[ef;jyKoGm;onfhtrI
qHk;jzwfckESpf - ouú&mZf (1115)ck? 0gacgifvjynfh ausmf (6)&uf
r[mtwkv,o"r®&mZ*k½kbGJUwHqdyfawmf& twkv-,orax&fonf omoemydkifjzpfaomfvnf; txufu jzpfyGm; cJhaom twif*dkPf; t½Hk*dkPf; uGJrIwGif twif*dkPf;0if jzpfonf/ t½Hk*dkPf;0if yvdkif;&Gmü oDwif;oHk;aom t&SifokZmwrax&f paom oHCmrsm;u ]]omraPwdkY &Gm0ifaomumvü ouFef; ½Hkí 0if&m\}}[k arwåmpm a&;í rif;xHawmf oGif;ygaomfvnf; twkv,orax&fudk,fwdkif twif*dkPf;0if oHCmjzpfí a&S;rif;rsm; vufxufuyif t"du½kPf; Nidrf;NyD; jzpfonf[k pmwif qufoGif;Muavonf/
xdktcg tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD;onf ]],cktcgrSm rif;ESifh pyfaom wdkif;a&;jynfa&;trI ½IyfaxG;ao;onf/ omoema&;ESifh pyfaomtrI aeygavapOD;/ rif;ESifhpyfaom trIudkom a&S;OD;pGm &Sif;vif; tm;xkwfOD;rnf/ aemufrS omoemawmfESifh pyfaom trIudk jyKvkyf &Sif;vif;rnf}}[k rif;trdefYpm a&;om; xkwfjyefonf/ xdkYaMumifh tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD;vufxufwGif vnf; twifoifh^t½Hkoifh [laom jiif;cHkjcif; 0d0g'g"du½kPf; rNidrf; ao;bJ jzpfavonf/
omoemouú&mZf(2304)ckESpf aumZmouú&mZf (1122)wGif tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD;\ om;awmf aemifawmf BuD;rif;onf &wemodcFNrdKUrS ajymif;a&TUí aZ,syl&rnfaom ppfudkif;udk 'kwd,tBudrf wnfaxmifí rif;jyKawmfrl\/ xdkrif; vufxufwGif awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKUZmwd t&SifÓPrax&fudk yifhí rif;q&mawmf omoemydkiftjzpf udk;uG,favonf/ rax&fBuD;\ emrnfrSm ]]armifazsmf}}jzpfí ]]cifBuD;azsmf}}[k omoemawmfü xif&Sm;avonf/
avmuDavmukwå&mESpfjzmü yg&*l jzpfawmfrlí rwwfaom ta&;t&m r&SdaomaMumifh ]]rum&avmy}}rwpfvHk;ausaom q&mawmf[lí ,aeYwdkif ajymprSwfjyKavh &Sd\/ awmifwGif;BuD; rax&fcifBuD;azsmfonf t½Hk*dkPf;0if jzpfavonf/ t½Hk*dkPf;0if oHCmrsm;onf ]]igwdkYtoif;tyif;0ifjzpfaom rax&f rif;q&m jzpfNyD}}[k tm;&SdMuojzifh ,xmblw useap&ef rif;xHodkY pmoGif;aomfvnf; twkv,orax&fpaom twif *dkPf;0if rax&fBuD;rsm;u ]]aemufaemufrif;rsm;vufxufuyif trIajyNidrf;NyD;}}[k pmqufoGif;jyefojzifh &ifqdkifajymqdkjcif; rjyK&í twif t½Hkt"du½kPf; rNidrf;ao;acs/
omoemouú&mZf (2307)ckESpf? aumZmouú&mZf (1125)ckESpfwGif qifjzL&Sifrif; eef;wuf\/ omoemydkiftjzpf p&pfq&mawmfESifh t&SifomyHkwdkYtm; omoemydkifwifajr§mufí rif;q&mtjzpf udk;uG,fawmfrl\/ xdkrif;vufxufwGifvnf; twif t½Hkt"d½kPf; Nidrf;at;jcif; r&Sdao;acs/
twif t½Hk t"du½kPf; ajyNidrf;jcif;
omoemouú&mZf (2320)? aumZmouú&mZf (1138) ckESpfwGif tif;0 wwd, NrdKUwnf eef;wnf qifjzL&Sifrif;\ om;awmf pOfhul;rif; rif;tjzpfodkY a&muf\/
xdkrif;vufxuf refvnfq&mawmfESifh rif;tdkq&mawmftm; bGJUwHqdyfqufuyfí omoemydkiftjzpf qnf;uyfudk;uG,f\/ pOfhul;rif;onf pvif;NrdKU ta&SU ausmif; t&SifeE´ rmvm rax&ftm; yifhí ouFef;½Hkoifhonfh tqHk; tjzwfqdkif&m ygVdt|uxmrsm;udk udk,fwdkif oif,lawmfrl\/
ESpfzufaom rax&fwdkYtm; eef;awmfodkY yifhí pka0;apum rdrdwdkY\ t,l0g'qdkif&m ygVdt|uxmwdkYudk &Gwfqdkudk;um; ap\/ xdktcg twif*dkPf;om;rsm;onf &Gwfqdk&ef ygVd t|uxm ukd;um;Edkifjcif; r&Sdacs/ odkYjzpf&m twif*dkPf;om;rsm; ½IH;edrfhoGm; Muukef\/
pOfhul;rif;BuD;u xdktcgrS pí ]],aeYrS pí &[ef;awmf rsm;onf ouFef;udk ½Hkíom &GmwGif;odkY 0ifpdrfhaomiSm omraP rsm;udk qHk;rukefMu&rnf}}[k trdefYawmfjyefwrf; xkwfav\/
ouú&mZf (1160)ckESpf paerif;vufxufrS pí rif;ckepf qufwdkifwdkif rNyD;rjywfbJ &SdvmcJh&mrS ouú&mZf (1138)ckESpf eef;wufaom tif;0 pOfhul;rif;vufxufwGifrS twif *dkPf;om;rsm; ½IH;edrfhoGm;NyD; t"du½kPf; Nidrf;at; NyD;jywfav\/ ESpfumvtm;jzifh qdkaomf (78)ESpfrQ Mumav\/
omoemouú&mZf (2325)ckESpf? aumZmouú&mZf (1143)ckESpfwGif tavmif;rif;w&m;\ om;awmftvwf bdk;awmfbk&m; eef;wufawmfrl&m crnf;awmf tavmif;rif; w&m;BuD; rSmawmfrlcJhonfhtwdkif; omoema&; omoemrI wdkYudk pdppfawmfrl\/ twif*dkPf;oHCmrsm;udk ygVdawmf t|uxm #Dumrsm;udk &Gwfqdkap&m twif*dkPf;om;wdkYonf ]]igwdkYqdktyfaom pum;onf ygVdt|uxm#DumwdkYü r&Sd/ pifppfaomfum; tmp&d,0g' tpOfrQom &Sdonf}}[k [kwfrSefonfh twdkif; 0efcHMuukef\/
]],aeYrS pí y&dr@vodu©myk'f okyÜ#dpäEéodu©myk'frsm;udk rysufaprlí omraPwdkYonf &GmwGif;odkY 0ifMu&rnf}}[k rif;wHqdyfcwfESdyfí t&yfa'otESHY pmrsm; ydkYawmfrlonf/ twif*dkPf;0if oHCmwdkYonf pOfhul;rif;vufxuf wpfBudrf? bdk;awmfbk&m;vufxuf wpfBudrf 0efcHt½IH;ay;í rdrdwdkY\ tmp&d,0g'udk pGefYypfMu&ukef\/ xkdrS pí twif*dkPf;0if oHCmrsm;\ tquftEG,frsm; wdrfaumí t"du½kPf; tNyD;wdkif at;Nidrf;oGm;cJhonf/
bdk;awmfbk&m;vufxufwGif pOfhul;rif;vufxuf uwnf;u omoemydkifrsm; jzpfMuaom rif;tdkq&mawmf? qHkwm;q&mawmf? refvnfq&mawmf? rif;&Gmq&mawmfwdkYudk omoemydkif tyfESif;NyD; ,if;q&mawmfBuD;rsm;ESifh wGJzufí omoemydkifq&mawmf &Spfyg;udk wdk;csJUí csD;ajr§mufudk;uG,f cefYxm;onf/
xyfrHwdk;csJU jznfhoGif;aom q&mawmf&Spfyg;rSm ---
1/ a&Tawmifq&mawmf 2/ yxrAm;u&mq&mawmf
3/ uwkd;q&mawmf 4/ rJxD;q&mawmf
5/ rHkawmq&mawmf 6/ pvif;q&mawmf
7/ qifwJq&mawmf 8/ armif;axmifq&mawmfwdkY jzpfMuonf/
ouú&mZf (1150)ckESpfwGif armif;axmifq&mawmf wpfyg;wnf;udkom omoemydkiftjzpf tyfESif;av\/ bdk;awmf rif;w&m;vufxuf ouú&mZf-1146 ckESpfwGif a&S;u t"du½kPf; Nidrf;NyD;jzpfaom twif*dkPf;0if omoemydkifa[mif; r[m twkv,o rax&fBuD;onf twif oifhaMumif; t,l0g' ay:vmjyefavonf/ xdktcg omoemydkifESifh wuGaom ok"r®m q&mawmfwdkY ppfaq;ar;jref;NyD;onfhaemuf rif;w&m;BuD; odawmfrlaomtcg twkv,orax&ftm; vl0wfvJap\/
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