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Ak'¨omoem0if (jrefrmEkdifiH)

omoem0ifqdkaom pum;rSm omoe0HoygVdawmfrS qif;oufvmonf/ Ak'¨0Ho-Ak'¨0if? r[m0Ho-r[m0if? omoe0Ho-omoem0if-[laom teufvm&Sdonf/
omoem - jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tqdk tqHk;tr Mo0g' pum;?
0Ho - tquftEG,f
omoe0Ho - jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tqHk;tr Mo0g'pum; tquftEG,f
- tqHk;tr Mo0g'pum;udk oifMum; vdkufemusifhMuH tm;xkwfol tquf tEG,f[k t"dyÜg,f&onf/
omoem[laom pum;wGif y&d,wåd y#dywåd y#da0" omoem[laom okH;yg;aom omoemrsm; tusKH;0ifygonf/ ,if;omoemoHk;yg;vHk; tquftEG,fudk omoem0if[k qdkonf/
þurÇmavmuwGif Ak'¨omoemawmf ay:aygufvmjcif; onf tcef;(1)wGif qdktyfonfhtwkdif; tdE´d,EdkifiH rZÑdra'o twGif;ü pwifay:aygufvmNyD;aemuf wpfpwpfp xGef;um; vmum EdkifiH&yfjcm; a'orsm;odkY ysHUESHU qif;oufjcif;jzifh jyefYyGm; vmjcif; jzpf\/
xdkodkY jyefYyGm;vmcJh&m jrefrmEkdifiHü qif;oufysHUESHYcJhyHkum; þodkYwnf;- ordkif;taxmuftxm;rsm;t& Ak'¨[lí þurÇm avmuwGif ay:xGef;vmcsdef0,f ok0PÖblrdwdkif; todwÍöe aygu©&0wDNrdKUom; wykóESifh bv’dunDaemifwdkYonf vSnf; ig;&mESifh rZÑdra'oodkY ukeful;oGm;&mwGif jrwfpGmbk&m; yGifhawmfrlNyD;í (49)&uf tvGef vif;vGef;yif&if;ü oDwif;oHk; awmfrlcdkuf a&muf&Sdzl;awGUMuNyD;vQif toifh ,laqmifvmaom ysm;rkefYqkyfESifh rkefY<uwfuspfwdkYudk vSL'gef;í ]]a'G0gpdu}} o&P*Hk aqmufwnfum Oygoumtjzpf cH,lMuonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;xH tjrJ qnf;uyfudk;uG,f&mudk awmif;yef aomtcg qHawmf (8)qludk &&SdcJhí rdrdwdkY ae&m todwÍöe aygu©&0wDNrdKUodkY a&mufaomtcg apwDwpfql wnfum qHawmf(8)qludk Xmyemí qnf;uyf udk;uG,fMuonf/ ,if; apwDum; ,ck zl;jrifae&aom a&Twd*Hk apwDawmfBuD;yifwnf;/ wpfenf;qdkaomf wykóESifh bv’dunDaemifwdkY Ak'¨\ tqHk; trcH,ljcif;u pwifí Ak'¨omoema&muf&Sdvmjcif; yifwnf;/ umvtm;jzifh vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif; (2566)ESpfrS pí a&muf&Sd vmcJhjcif; jzpfonf/
wpfzef Ak'¨jrwfpGm 0gawmf (20)ausmfcefYwGif om0w¬djynfrS ,lZem (300) uGma0;aom okemy&EÅwdkif; (ty&EÅwdkif;) 0gPdZ-*gr&Gm (v,fudkif; ausmif;awmf&m)ü plVykPÖ r[mykPÖol<u,f nDaemifudk taMumif;jyKí ,ck (ref;pufawmf&mbk&m;wnf&m teD;) v,fudkif;t&yfodkY <ua&mufawmfrlcJhjcif;jzifh 'kwd, tBudrfajrmuf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ omoemawmf a&muf&SdcJhjyef onf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf 0gPdZ*gr&GmrS jyef<uawmfrlí er®'gjrpfodkY a&mufaomtcg ta>ct&Hrsm;ESifh wuG er®'ge*g;onf jrwfpGm bk&m;ESifh oHCmawmfwdkYtm; zl;ajrmfNyD;vQif tjrJudk;uG,f&m apwDudk yefMum;ojzifh ¤if;jrpfem;ü ajcawmf&mwpfql csawmfrlonf/ opöAE¨awmifodkY a&mufaomtcg opöAE¨&aoh avQmufxm;awmif;yefojzifh ajcawmf&mwpfql csawmfrl\/ (,cktcg ref;a&Tpufawmfbk&m; txufpufawmf&mESifh atmufpufawmf&mwdkY rnf\/)
wpf&Ha&mtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf aemufyg oHCmawmf trsm;ESifh a'opm&D<ucsDawmfrlcJh&m a,meuwdkif;? Zif;r,f t&yfodkY a&mufí rJydef; acsmif;em;wGif aeaom ]]v0BuD;}}onf ckepfESpft&G,f&Sd rdrdom;i,fudk jrwfpGmbk&m;xH tyfESHí omraPjyKaponf/ (tqdkyg &SifomraPonf ur®|mef;pD;jzef; ojzifh rMumrD &[EÅmtjzpfodkY a&muf&Sdonf qdk\)/
txufazmfjyyg taMumif;rsm;udk axmufxm;vQif Ak'¨jrwfpGm oufawmfxif&Sm;&SdpOfuyif omoemawmfonf ok0PÖblrdwdkif;? ty&EÅwdkif; (okemy&EÅwdkif;)? a,meuwdkif; tm;jzifh enf;vrf; oHk;oG,f oufqif;vsuf jrefrmEkdifiHodkY a&muf&SdcJhaMumif; xif&Sm;ygonf/ odkYygaomfvnf; omoem awmfudk xif&Sm; us,fjyefYpGm vdkufemMuonfh vu©Pm r&Sdao;acs/ oufqdkif&m todkif;t0dkif;uom vdkufemzG,f&m awGU&Sd&avonf/
omoemawmfonf ESpfumv&Snfvsm;pGm wnfjrJjcif; r&SdcJhao;acs/ taMumif;um; yd#uwfawmfudk EIwfjzifh aqmif aom acwfjzpfjcif;? yd#uwf wwfajrmufaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;u tjrJaexkdifvsuf omoemawmf\ t&if; rlvjzpfaom yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk oifMum;ydkYcsay;rI r&Sdao;jcif;wdkYaMumifh jzpf\/
oD&d"r®maomurif;BuD; wwd,o*Fg,em wifNyD;aomtcg rZÑdra'oü omoemawmf a&&Snf rwnfEkdif[k odjrifawmfrlí t&Sifr[marm*¾vdykwåwdórax&fBuD;onf omoemwnf xGef;Ekdifrnfh ae&mXmersm;udk qifjcif Munfh½Iawmfrlí rZÑdr a'o\ t&yfav;rsufESm tvm; av;&yfwGif&Sd udk;wdkif; udk;XmeodkY omoemjyKapvTwfawmfrlonf/ apvTwfonfh oHCmhrax&f t&Sifjrwfrsm;ESifh wdkif; toD;oD;rSm ---
1/ uo®D&wdkif;ESifh *E¨m&wdkif;odkY rZÑEÅdurax&fudkvnf;aumif;?
2/ r[ðouwdkif;odkY r[ma'0rax&fudkvnf;aumif;?
3/ 0e0goDwdkif;odkY &u©dwrax&fudkvnf;aumif;?
4/ ty&EÅwdkif;odkY a,meu"r®&u©dwrax&fudkvnf;aumif;?
5/ r[m&|wdkif;odkY r[m"r®&u©dwrax&fudkvnf;aumif;?
6/ a,meuavmuwdkif;odkY r[m&u©dwrax&fudkvnf;aumif;?
7/ [dr0EÅma'oodkY rZÑdrrax&fudkvnf;aumif;?
8/ ok0PÖblrdwdkif;odkY t&SifaomPESifh t&SifOwå&rax&fudk vnf;aumif;?
9/ vuFm'DyuRef;odkY taomurif;BuD;\ om;awmf r[dE´ rax&f trSL;jyKaom rax&fig;yg;udkvnf;aumif; toD;oD; omoemjyK apvTwfawmfrlcJh\/
odkYapvTwf&mwGif vuFm'DyuRef; (oD[dkVf)ESifh ty&EÅwdkif;? (okemy&EÅwdkif;) a,meuwdkif;? ok0PÖblrdwdkif; (,ck jrefrmEkdifiH) rsm;wGifom ,aeY rsufarSmufumvtxd ax&0g' omoemawmf xGef;um; wnf&SdaecJhonf/ usefaom wkdif;BuD;ig;wdkif;rS ax&0g'omoemawmfonfum; r[moHCdu *dkPf;\ 0g;rsKdjcif; cHcJh&\/
uREfkyfwdkY jrefrmEkdifiHodkY jrwfpGmbk&m;\ omoemawmf onf txufyg vrf;aMumif;oHk;oG,fjzifh oufqif;vmcJh&m omoem0ifESifh pyfvsOf;aom pmtkyfrSwfwrf;trsKd;rsKd;wGif a,meu"r®&u©dwrax&f\ q&mwynfhtquftEG,frsm;ESifh r[m&u©dwrax&f\ q&mwynfh tquftEG,fwdkYonf rxif&Sm;Muacs/
ok0PÖblrdodkY "r®'lwapvTwfawmfrlcJhaom t&SifaomP rax&fESifh t&SifOwå&rax&fwdkY q&mwynfhtquftEG,fwdkYom xif&Sm;Muukef\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;vufxufawmfü 0denf;t&m {w'*fbGJUxl; csD;usL;jcif; cH&aom t&SifOygvdrS pí oDaygrif; vufxuf xif&Sm;aom q&mawmfBuD;rsm;odkY wdkifatmif q&mwynfhtpOftquf omoemawmfudk apmifha&SmufMuukef onfrSmum; atmufygtwdkif; jzpf\/

(u) rZÑdra'o omoem0if

1/ t&SifOygvd
2/ t&Sif'gou
3/ t&SifaomP
4/ t&Sifod*¾0ESifh t&Sifp@0ZÆD
5/ t&Sifr[marm*¾vdykwåwdó

(c) ok0PÖblrd (oxHk) omoem0if

t&Sifarm*¾vdykwåwdó\ wynfhrsm;
1/ t&SifaomPESifh t&SifOwå&
2/ t&Sifaombdw
3/ t&Sifaomr'wå
4/ t&Sifokrewdó
5/ t&Sifaomygu
6/ t&Sifaomr'wå
7/ t&Siftaemr'óD
8/ t&Sift"doDv
9/ t&SifAsme'óD
10/ t&SifoDvAk'¨dESifh t&Sifr[mumv
11/ t&Sif"r®'óD (&Sift&[H)
q&mwynfh pOfqufrjywf omoemawmfudk apmifha&Smuf Muukef\/

(*) yk*Homoem0if

1/ t&Sif*kPom&
2/ yxrt&Sift*¾y@dw
3/ 'kwd,t&Sift*¾y@dw
4/ wwd,t&Sift*¾y@dw (t&Sift*¾0Ho)
5/ t&SifOwå&mZD0
6/ yxrqyÜ't&Sifo'¨r®aZmwdygv
7/ 'kwd,qyÜ't&SifÓPo'¨r® (t&Sifo'¨r®ÓP)
8/ wwd,qyÜ't&Sifo'¨r®od&D
þrax&fBuD; (8)yg;wdkYum; yk*Hü q&mwynfhqufum omoemawmfudk apmifha&SmufcJhMuonf/

(C) ycef;BuD;omoem0if

wwd,qyÜ't&Sifo'¨r®od&D\ wynfhrsm;
1/ ycef;BuD;NrdKU? acruwdkuf? t&Sifok"r®pm&D
2/ ycef;BuD;NrdKU? taemufvuf 0ufusOrifausmif;
(t&Sift*¾"r®mvuFm&)
3/ ycef;BuD;NrdKU? aemifb&Gm? t&Sif"r®eE´
4/ EG,feDrk'fausmif;? t&Sifykn0wD
5/ ycef;BuD;NrdKU ta&SUvuf-bkrÇq&mawmf
t&SifpE´rÍÆLom
þrax&fBuD;ig;yg; ycef;BuD;NrdKUü q&mwynfhqufum omoemawmfudk apmifha&SmufcJhMuonf/

(i) a&Tbdk tr&yl& rEÅav; omoem0if

bkrÇq&mawmf t&SifpE´rÍÆLom\ wynfhrsm;
1/ omoemydkif rif;tdkq&mawmf t&Sif*kPod&D
(*kPmbdvuFm& o'¨r®r[m"r®&mZm"d&mZ*k½k)
2/ yxrAm;u&mq&mawmf t&Sif"r®mbdeE´
(wdyd#umvuFm& od&D"Zr[m"r®&mZ*k½k)
3/ omoemydkif oJtif;q&mawmf t&Sifol&d,
(ol&d,mbd0Hombd od&Dy0&mvuFm&"r®aoemywd r[m"r® &mZm"d&mZ*k½k)
4/ omoemydkif 'kwd,Am;u&mq&mawmf t&Sifynmomrd (ynmaZmwmbdod&Dy0&0dZ,mvuFm& "r®-aoemywd r[m"r®&mZm"d&mZ*k½k)
5/ omoemydkif 'kwd,armif;axmifq&mawmf t&SifaO,s"r® (aO,s"r®mbdrkedy0&ÓPudwåd od&D"Z"r®aoemywd r[m"r® &mZm"d&mZ*k½k)
6/ awmifawmfomoemydkifq&mawmf t&Sifrmvm
(rmvmvuFm&"Z"r®aoemywd twkvm"dywd od&Dy0& r[m"r®&mZm"d&mZ*k½k)
þq&mawmfBuD; ajcmufyg;wdkYum; a&Tbdk? tr&yl&? rEÅav;wdkYü q&mwynfh qufum omoemawmfudk apmifha&Smuf cJhMuonf/
þum; oDaygrif;vufxufwdkifatmif ok"r®m*dkPf; omoem0ifjzpfonf/ ok"r®m*dkPf;onf a&S;tusqHk;ESifh tiftm;trsm;qHk; *dkPf;BuD; jzpfonf/

oHCmh*dkPf;BuD;rsm; (jrefrmEkdifiH)

txufazmfjyygtwdkif; Ak'¨omoemawmfudk pOfquf rjywf q&m wynfh acwftqufquf apmifha&Smufvsuf &Sd&mrS aumZmouú&mZf 1217-ckESpfwGif 'Gg&*dkPf;? 1222-ckESpfwGif a&Tusif*dkPf;[lí oD;jcm;*dkPf;rsm; ay:aygufvmonf/ ay:aygufvmyHkrsm;rSm þodkYwnf; ---

1/ a&Tusif*dkPf;ay:aygufvmyHk

1214-ckESpf? yÍöro*Fg,emwif rif;wkef;rif;BuD; eef;wuf aomtcg 'kwd, armif;axmifq&mawmf t&SifaO,s"r®udk omoemydkif wifajr§muf avonf/ 1217-ckESpfwGif q&mawmf rsm;ESifh wdkifyifí rif;wkef;rif;BuD;onf ]]"r®0de,trdefYawmf jyefwrf;}}udk rif;rdefYtjzpf xkwfjyefonf/ odkY&mwGif rif;w&m; BuD;\ &nf&G,fawmfrl&if;odkY ra&mufbJ ,if;"r®0de, pmwrf;udk taMumif;jyKí *dkPf;uGJrI ponfh rvdkvm;tyfaom jzpf&yfrsm; ay:aygufvmcJh&onf/
rif;wkef;rif;w&m;BuD;onf rif;tjzpf ra&mufrD 1214-ckESpf? jymodkvwGif a&TbdkodkY xGufcGgpOfu a&Tusifq&mawmfudk zl;awGUcJh&ojzifh MunfndKawmfrlcJhavonf/ rif;tjzpfodkY a&muf&Sdaomf omoemawmf pnfyifa&;udk tm;ay;&Gufaqmif awmfrl&ef yefMum;avQmufxm;av\/ tqdkyg avQmufxm; csuft& a&Tusifq&mawmfonf 1222-ckESpf? 0gawmf (19)0g t&wGif &wemyHk rEÅav;aejynfawmfodkY <uí oDwif;oHk; awmfrlonf/ rif;wkef;rif;BuD;onf 0rf;ajrmufjcif; jyif;pGmjzifh EkdifiHtwGif;&Sd axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom &[ef;oHCmwdkY tv,fwGif txl;jrwfEdk;vSojzifh tav;tjrwfjyKawmfrlonf/ rEÅav;NrdKU ajrmufrsufESm rEÅav;awmifajcü ausmif;wdkufBuD; (5)wdkuf wnfaqmufNyD;vQif txl; udk;uG,fawmfrl\/ ¤if;ausmif;wkdufBuD; (5)wdkufum; ---
1/ r[m"r®dum&mrwdkuf
2/ x&Humwdkuf
3/ &rnf;oif;wdkuf
4/ rif;cif;wdkuf
5/ jrawmifwdkufwdkY jzpf\/
,if;wdkYudk a&Tusif (5)wdkuf[kvnf; ac:\/
tcgwpfyg;wGif omoemydkiftrSL;&Sdaom ok"r®mq&mawmf &Spfyg;wdkYonf a&Tusifq&mawmft&SifZm*&udk ok"r®mZ&yfodkY vm&ef qifhac:onf/ a&Tusifq&mawmf t&SifZm*&onf taMumif;wpfckaMumifh r<ubJ aeav\/ tBudrfBudrf qifhqdk aomfvnf; r<ubJ aeojzifh ok"r®mq&mawmfrsm;u tmPmjzifh csKyfaESmifac:&ef pDrHMuonf/ xdktaMumif; rif;wkef;rif;BuD; Mum;aomf wm;qD;avQmufxm;ojzifh ysufoGm;avonf/ ok"r®mESifh a&Tusifq&mawmfwdkYudk auseyfatmif avQmufxm; NyD;aomf a&Tusifq&mawmfBuD;tm; aemufwpfcg ok"r®mu qifhac:jcif; rjyKEkdifatmif *P0drkwf (*dkPf;rS tvGwf yk*¾dKvf)tjzpf trdefYawmfxkwfavonf/
xkdtcgrS pí a&Tusifq&mawmfMuD;ESifh wuG oabmwl oHCmwpfpkrSm ok"r®mobifrS toD;tjcm; jzpfavonf/ xdkYaemufwGifum; a&Tusifq&mawmfvnf; þa&Tusifig;wkdufudk OD;pD;OD;udkifjyKum ok"r®mq&mawmfrsm;ESifh rqufoG,fbJ 0denf;uH oD;jcm;jyKí aeonf/ tqdkyg oHCmwpfpktm;vnf; a&Tusifq&mawmfrS jy|mef;aomaMumifh ,if; oHCmtpkta0;udk ]]a&Tusif*dkPf;}}[k ac:a0:vmMuavonf/ xdkrS pí ok"r®m*dkPf; a&Tusif*dkPf;[k omoemawmfü *dkPf;BuD; ESpf*dkPf; uGJcJh&av onf/
a&Tusifq&mawmfbk&m;\ oDv orm"d ynm tusifhodu©m *kPfwdkYaMumifh wynfh&[ef; oHCmrsm; wdk;yGm; rsm;jym;vmonfESifh trQ MunfndKaom 'g,umrsm;vnf; wdk;wufrsm;jym;vm\/ odkYjzpf&m 1233-ck? waygif;vwGif rif;wkef;rif;BuD;u ]]Zm*&m bd"Zo'¨r®0Hotwkvm"dywd r[m"r®&mZm"d&mZ*k½k}} wHqdyfawmf vSL'gef; qufuyfawmfrl\/ odkYygaomfvnf; qufuyfcHawmf rrlbJ z,fa&SmifvTJí a&mifh&JawmfrlcJhonf/
1244-ck? waygif;vwGif oDaygrif;w&m;rS ]]Zm*&mbd"Z omoeygv "r®aoemywd r[m"r®&mZm"d&mZ*k½k}} wHqdyfawmf qufuyf vSL'gef;awmfrl&m vufcHawmfrlí omoemjyK vkyfief;rsm;udk qufvuf aqmif&Gufawmfrl\/ oDv orm"d ynm*kPfESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlonfhtjyif o'¨g 0D&d, "mwfcH xufoefBuD;rm;awmfrlaomaMumifh omoemawmf oefY&Sif; pnfyifap&ef &Gufaqmif&m txl;atmifjrifawmfrl\/ o'¨g 0D&d, BuD;rm;vSojzifh jrefrmjynfomoemü a&Tusif*dkPf;[k oHCmh*dkPf;BuD; wpf*dkPf; oD;jcm;jzpfay:vmjcif; jzpfay\/
1997-ck? 'DZifbm (14)&ufaeYwGif yEé&or (15)Budrf ajrmuf a&Tusifedum,*dkPf;vHk;uRwf oHCmhtpnf;ta0;BuD;udk &Srf;jynfe,f anmifa&TNrdKU uefBuD; y&d,wådpmoifwdkufü usif;ycJh onf/ tqdkyg tpnf;ta0;BuD;odkY aw&or (13)yg;ajrmuf a&Tusifomoemydkif anmifa&TNrdKU uefBuD; y&d,wådpmoifwkduf q&mawmfBuD;trSL;jyKonfh &wånL r[mem,u q&mawmf BuD;rsm;? a&Tusif*dkPf; EdkifiHawmf Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfBuD;rsm;? EkdifiHawmfA[dkoHCmh0efaqmif *dkPf;vHk;0efaqmif em,uq&mawmf BuD;rsm;? 0denf;jyefXme Ouú| q&mawmfrsm;? jynfe,fESifh wdkif; NrdKUe,foHCem,utzGJU Ouú|ESifh tzGJU0if q&mawmfrsm; pkpkaygif; 490-yg;ESifh oD&dvuFm? *syef? t*Fvef? tar&duefwdkYrS a&Tusif*dkPf;0if q&mawmf 15-yg;wdkY wufa&mufawmfrlMu\/

2/ 'Gg&*dkPf;

ouú&mZf 1214-ckESpfü &mrnwdkif; tkwfzdkNrdKU uefukef; ausmif; wdkufü oDwif;oHk;awmfrlaom tkwfzdkq&mawmf t&Sif OuúHormvmESifh &mrnwdkif;&Sd *dkPf;tkyf *dkPf;axmuf q&mawmfwdkYonf Zmwó&tdkif? O'ukau©yodrfü 0denf;uH jyKjcif;udk taMumif;jyKí 0denf;uHajrmuf^rajrmuf tjiif;tckef jzpfyGm;onfhtwGuf tkwfzdkq&mawmfu rdrdESifh oabmwl&m wynfh&[ef;wdkYESifh 0denf;uH oD;jcm;jyKí aeojzifh tkwfzdkq&mawmf wpf*dkPf;? usefq&mawmfrsm;u wpf*dkPf; uGJMujyefonf/ xdkodkY *dkPf;uGJaomfvnf; 'Gg&*dkPf; trnfudk r&ao;/
ouú&mZf 1217-ckodkY a&mufaomtcg 'g,umwdkYonf uHjzifh &Sdcdk;jcif; rSefonf? 'Gg&jzifh &Sdcdk;jcif; rSefonf[k wpfbufESifh wpfbuf tjiif;tcHk jzpfyGm;jyef&m tkwfzdkq&mawmfBuD;xH avQmufxm;aomf 'Gg&jzifh &Sdcdk;jcif;rSm ,xmblw userSefuef aMumif; qkH;jzwfonfhtwGuf tkwfzdk q&mawmfBuD;\ *dkPf;udk 'Gg&*dkPf;[k trnfay;Mu\/ usefq&mawmf rsm;udk uH*dkPf;[k trnfay;Mu\/ þodkYjzifh jrefrmEkdifiHwGif ok"r®m? a&Tusif? 'Gg&[lí *dkPf;BuD; oHk;*dkPf; ay:aygufvmcJh\/

3/ r[m'Gg&ESifh rlv'Gg& *dkPf;uGJjcif;tp

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4/ taemufacsmif; 'Gg&*dkPf;

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5/ a0VK0efedum,*dkPf;

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6/ iSufwGif;*dkPf;

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7/ *P0drkwf ul;wdkY*dkPf;

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8/ r[m&if*dkPf;? (odkYr[kwf) "r®,kwåd*dkPf;

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