awy&d0¥"r®a'oem

wH uð rnx bdu©a0? ½lyH edpHö 0g tedpöH 0gwd/ tedpöH baEÅ/ ,H yemedpöH 'ku©H 0g wH okcH 0gwd/ 'ku©H baEÅ/ ,H yemedpöH 'ku©H 0dy&dPmr"r®H? uv’H Ek wH orEkyódwkH ]]{wH rr? {aom[ro®d? {aom ar twåm}}wd/ aem a[wH baEÅ/ (oH-2-124/)
bdu©a0 = cspfom; &[ef;wkdY .../ wH = xkd igbk&m;ar;rnfh ar;cGef;ukd/ wkarS = oifcspfom;wkdYonf oifcspforD;wkdYonf/ uð rnx = tb,fokdY atmufarh rSwfxif ,lqMuukefoenf;/ ½lyH = ½kyfw&m;onf/ edpHö 0g = edpöavavm/ tedpHö 0g = tedpöavavm/ £wd = þokdY ar;awmfrlonf&Sdaomf/ baEÅ = t&Sifbk&m; .../ tedpHö = tedpöjzpf½kd; trSefygbk&m;/ £wd = þokdY a&Tem;awmfMum; atmif avQmufxm;MuavukefNyD/
cspfom; &[ef;wkdY ...uRrf;usifwJh yef;csDaq;a&;orm;wpfOD;u yJjzpfjzpf ruRrf;usif rvdr®mwJh yef;csDaq;a&;orm;wpfOD;uyJjzpfjzpf a&;qJGvkdufwJh yef;csDum;csyfukd "mwfcJGMunfhvkdufawmh cE¨mig;yg;yJ? ½kyf a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfac:wJh cE¨mig;yg;yJ? tJ'D cE¨mig;yg; om&SdwJhtwGuf oifcspfom;wkdYukd igbk&m; ar;cGef;wpfckar;r,f? tJ'D ½kyfw&m;onf edpövm;ç tedpövm;¿ 'Dvkd ar;awmfrlvkdufw,f/ tJ'Dvkd ar;awmh &[ef;awGu b,fvkdajzovJ¿ tedpöygbk&m; - vkdY ajzw,f? aemufwpfck ---
,H yemedpöH 'ku©H 0g wH okcH 0gwd/ 'ku©H baEÅ/
tJ'D tedpörSefaewJh 'D½kyfw&m;onf 'ku©vm; okcvm;vkdY 'Dvkd ar;awmfrlvkdufw,f/ tJ'Dvkdar;awmh 'ku©ygvkdY ajzw,f/
,H yemedpöH 'ku©H 0dy&dPmr"r®H? uv’H Ek wH orEkyódwkH ]]{wH rr? {aom[ro®d? {aom ar twåm}}wd/ aem a[wH baEÅ/
(oH-2-124/)
,H = tMuif½kyfw&m;onf/ tedpöH = tedpöw&m;omwnf;/ [bmjzpfvkdYvJ¿ tedpöç jzpfNyD;ysufaevkdY] 'ku©H = 'ku©w&m;omwnf;/ [bmjzpfvkdYvJ¿ jzpfjcif; ysufjcif; 'Pfcsufjzifh tjrJ n§Of;yef;ESdyfpuf cHae&wJhtwGuf 'ku©yJ/]
,H = tMuif½kyfw&m;onf/ tedpöH = tedpöw&m;omwnf;/ 'ku©H = 'ku©w&m;omwnf;/ 0dy&dPmr"r®H = azmufjyef ysufpD;wwfwJh 0dy&dPmr oabmw&m;omwnf;/
b,fvkd azmufjyefysufpD;ovJ¿ jzpfNyD;wJhaemuf rysufbJeJY tckdif trm tESpfom&tm;jzifh wnfEkdifwJhpGrf;tm; r&Sdbl;? XDumvuaeNyD; ysufrnfh bifumvbufokdY tjrJwrf; ,kdifvJaewJhoabmuav;yJ/ 'gukd 0dy&dPmr"r® azmufjyef ysufpD;wwfwJhoabmç Z&m-r&PwkdYjzifh azmufjyefysufpD;w,fqkdNyD; bmomjyefxm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh -----
,H = tMuif½kyfw&m;onf/ tedpöH = tedpöw&m;omwnf;/ 'ku©H = 'ku©w&m;omwnf;/ 0dy&dPmr"r®H = azmufjyef ysufpD;wwfwJh 0dy&dPmroabmw&m;omwnf;/ wH = xkdtedpö 'ku© 0dy&dPmr"r® jzpfíaewJh ½kyfw&m;ukd/ {wH = þ½kyfw&m;onf/ rr = ig&JU ½kyfw&m;wnf;/ {aom = þ½kyfw&m;onf/ t[ro®d = igwnf;/ {aom = þ½kyfw&m;onf/ ar = ig\/ twåmwd = twåwnf;[lí/ orEkyódwkH = pJGvrf;xifjrif ½Iqifjcifjcif;iSm/ uv’H Ek = oifhwifh avsmufywfygrnfavm¿
tJ'D½kyfw&m;[m tedpövnf; rSefw,f? 'ku©vnf; rSefw,f? azmuf jyefysufpD;wwfwJh 0dy&dPmr"r®vnf; rSefaew,f? 'gaMumifh 'D½kyfw &m;BuD;ukd oifcspfom;wkdYwpfawGç oifcspforD;wkdYwpfawG[m 'D½kyfw&m; [m igh&JU½kyfw&m;yJç 'D½kyfw&m;[m igyJç 'D½kyfw&m;[m igh&JUtwåyJvkdY 'Dvkd pJGvrf;xifjrif ½IqifjcifzkdY oifhwifhygrvm;vkdY jrwfpGmbk&m;u ar;w,f? tJ'DtcsdeftcgrSm &[ef;awmfrsm;uvnf; --- aem a[wH baEÅ = roifhygbl; jrwfpGmbk&m; ...vkdY jyefavQmufxm;Muw,f? a0'emç onmç ocFg&ç 0dnmPfw&m;awGukdvnf; ykHpHwlyJ ar;ygw,f/
tedpöwpfausmhç 'ku©wpfausmhç tewåwpfausmh tar;tajz jyKvkyfaewmyJ? ykHpHwlar;wJhtcgrSmvnf; &[ef;awGu ykHpHwlyJ jyefNyD; awmh tajzay;Muawmh cE¨mig;yg;½IuGuf tar;tajz NyD;oGm;NyD/
'Dtar;tajzukd Munfhvkdufawmh &[ef;awGu - 'D½kyfç a0'emç onmç ocFg&ç 0dnmPfac:wJh cE¨mig;yg;ukdvnf; odw,f? 'DcE¨mig;yg; wkdY&JU tedpöoabmç 'ku©oabmç tewåoabmukdvnf; odw,fvkdY 'Dvkd t"dyÜg,fxGufvmw,f/ tJ'DtcgusawmhrS jrwfpGmbk&m;u aU&S qufNyD; 0dyóem½I&rnfh vkyfief;cGifukd ñTefMum;awmfrlw,f/ b,fvkd ñTefMum;awmfrlovJ¿
wo®mwd[ bdu©a0 ,H udÍöd ½lyH twDwmem*wypöKyÜEéH tZÑwåH 0g A[d'¨g 0g MoVm&duH 0g okckrH 0g [DeH 0g yPDwH 0g ,H 'la& oEÅdau 0g? oAÁH ½lyH ]]aewH rr? aeaom[rod®? e araom twåm}}wd {0arwH ,xmblwH or®yÜnm, '|AÁH/
(oH-2-124/)
bdu©a0 = cspfom; &[ef;wkdY .../ wo®m = xkdYaMumifh/ £[ = þomoemawmfjrwftwGif;ü/ wkarS = oifcspfom;wkdYonf oif cspforD;wkdYonf/ twDwmem*wypöKyÜEéH = twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜef jzpfaom/ ,H udÍöd ½lyH = tvkH;pkHaom ½kyfw&m;onfvnf;aumif;/
twdwf½kyfw&m;ç ypöKyÜef½kyfw&m;ç tem*wf½kyfw&m;ç tJ'D ½kyf w&m;ukd b,favmufwJhvJ¿ ,H udÍöd ½lyH = tvkH;pkHaom ½kyfw&m;onf vnf;aumif;? ½kyfuav;wpfvkH; [kwfovm;¿ r[kwfbl;? twdwf ½kyfw&m; ESpfq,fh&SpfrsKd; &Sdw,f? trsKd;tpm;u ESpfq,fh&SpfrsKd;yJ - aemf? wpfrsKd; wpfrsKd;rSm ta&twGufuawmh ra&rwGufEkdifatmif rsm;jym; ygw,f? twdwf½kyf (28)rsKd; tukefvkH;ç tem*wf½kyf (28)rsKd;vnf; tukefvkH;ç ypöKyÜef½kyf (28)rsKd;vnf; tukefvkH;yJ/ 'gaMumifh -----
twDwmem*wypöKyÜEéH = twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜefjzpfaom/ ,H udÍöd ½lyH = tvkH;pkHaom ½kyfw&m;onfvnf;aumif;/ tZÑwåH 0g = rdrd\ ukd,fwGif; tZÑwåoEÅmefürlvnf;jzpfaom/ A[d'¨g 0g = tjyif ty A[d'¨avmuürlvnf;jzpfaom/ ,H udÍöd ½lyH = tvkH;pkHaom ½kyf w&m;onfvnf;aumif;/
tZÑwå½kyfw&m; (28)rsKd;ç A[d'¨½kyfw&m; (28)rsKd;? 'gu a,mufsm;ç rdef;r rcJGbJajymwm? cJGjcm;NyD;ajymr,fqkd&ifawmh tZÑwårSm trsKd;orD; rsm;twGuf (27)rsKd;ç trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf (27)rsKd;yJ? bm0½kyfu wpf rsKd;pDyJ a,bk,stm;jzifh &SdMuw,f? A[d'¨rSmuawmh a,musfm; rdef;r rcJGjcm;bJ omref aygif;pkjcHKikHajym&if bm0½kyfu ESpfrsKd;&SdEkdifwJhtwGuf A[d'¨rSmawmh ½kyf (28)rsKd;yJ? 'Dawmh tJ'D ½kyfw&m;ukdvnf; b,favmuf vJ¿ ,H udÍöd ½lyH = tvkH;pkHaom ½kyfw&m;onfvnf;aumif;? ½kyftm;vkH; vkdY ajymw,f/
MoVm&duH 0g = ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;onfrlvnf;jzpfaom/ okckrH 0g = odrfarGUonfrlvnf;jzpfaom/ ,H udÍöd ½lyH = tvkH;pkHaom ½kyfw&m; onfvnf;aumif;/
pu©Kyom' = rsufpdtMunfç aomwyom' = em;tMunfç Cme yom' = ESmacgif;tMunfç Zd0Sgyom' = vQmtMunfç um,yom' = ukd,ftMunf? tMunf½kyfu (5)ck?
½lyg½kH o'´g½kH *E¨m½kH &om½kH azm|AÁm½kH (azm|AÁm½kHuawmh yx0D awaZm 0ga,m) - aygif;vkdufawmh tm½kH½kyf (7)ck?
tMunf½kyf (5)ckESifh tm½kH½kyf (7)ckudk aygif;vkduf&if ½kyf (12)rsKd;? tJ'D (12)rsKd;aom ½kyfw&m;awGuawmh ½IaewJha,m*D&JU todÓPf xJrSm xif&Sm;wJhtwGufaMumifh odvG,f jrifvG,fwJh ½kyfawG jzpfjcif; aMumifh olwkdYukd MoVm&du½kyfvkdY ac:xm;ygw,f? tJ'D MoVm&du½kyfu b,favmuf&SdovJ¿ (12)rsKd;/
okckrqkdwmu ½kyf (28)yg;rSm usefaewJh ½kyfawGukd okckr½kyfvkdY ac:ygw,f? tJ'Dawmh MoVm&du½kyfyJjzpfjzpfç okckr½kyfyJjzpfjzpfç ½kyf tukefvkH;ukd? ,H udÍöd ½lyH = tvkH;pkHaom ½kyfw&m;onfvnf;aumif;? tukefvkH;ukd 'DrSm 0dyóem½IzkdY bk&m;&Sifu ñTefMum;aew,f/
[DeH 0g = ,kwfnHhonfrlvnf;jzpfaom/ yPDwH 0g = rGefjrwf onfrlvnf;jzpfaom/ ,H udÍöd ½lyH = tvkH;pkHaom ½kyfw&m;onf vnf;aumif;/
,kwfnHhwJh ½kyfyJjzpfjzpfç rGefjrwfwJh ½kyfyJjzpfjzpf? tukokdvf&JUtusKd; jzpfwJh ½kyfawGukdawmh ,kwfnHhw,fç ukokdvf&JU tusKd;w&m;jzpfwJh ½kyf awGukdawmh rGefjrwfw,f ponfjzifh 'DvkdcJGygw,f/ 'Dt,kwftjrwfu awmh tqifhtwef;ç bkHukdvkdufNyD; cJGr,fqkd&ifawmh tyg,fom;owå0g awG&JU ½kyfawGu ok*wdowå0gawG&JU ½kyfawGxuf ykdNyD;awmh tqifh edrfhw,fç ,kwfnHhw,f? ok*wdowå0gawGukdawmh rGefjrwfw,f? ok*wd owå0gawGrSmvnf; tqifhqifh cJGvkduf&ifawmh - wpfqifhESifh wpfqifh ,kwfwm jrwfwmawG jzpfoGm;ygw,f? 'Dawmh (31)bkHtwGif;&Sd ½kyf tukefvkH;vkdY qkdvkdygw,f/
[DeH 0g = ,kwfnHhonfrlvnf;jzpfaom/ yPDwH 0g = rGefjrwfonf rlvnf;jzpfaom/ ,H udÍöd ½lyH = tvkH;pkHaom ½kyfw&m;onfvnf; aumif;/ 'la& 0g = todÓPfESifha0;onfrlvnf;jzpfaom/ oEÅdau 0g = todÓPfESifh eD;onfrlvnf;jzpfaom/ ,H udÍöd ½lyH = tvkH;pkHaom ½kyfw&m;onfvnf;aumif;/ tw¬d = &Sdacs\/
aygif;vkdufawmh b,fESpfrsKd;vJ¿ (11)rsKd;/
twdwf½kyfw&m;ç ypöKyÜef½kyfw&m;ç tem*wf½kyfw&m;ç tZÑwå½kyf w&m;ç A[d'¨½kyfw&m;ç MoVm&duac:wJh ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;wJh ½kyfw&m;ç okckrac:wJh odrfarGUEl;nHhwJh½kyfw&m;ç [Deac:wJh ,kwfnHhwJh ½kyfw&m;ç yPDwac:wJh rGefjrwfwJh½kyfw&m;ç 'l&ac:wJh ½IaewJh a,m*g0p&yk*¾dKvf &JU todÓPfESifh a0;wJh½kyfw&m;ç okckr½kyfawGyJ? oEÅduac:wJh ½IaewJh a,m*g0p&yk*¾dKvf&JU todÓPfESifh eD;uyfaewJh ½kyfw&m;ç ckeu MoVm&duac:wJh ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;wJh ½kyfw&m;awGyJ - aygif;vkdufawmh b,fESpfrsKd;vJ¿ (11)rsKd;? tJ'Dvkd (11)rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh wnfaewJh 'D½kyfw&m;awGukd bmvkyf&rvJ¿
oAÁH ½lyH = þtvkH;pkHaom ½kyfw&m;ukd/ {wH = þ (11)rsKd;aom ½kyfw&m;onf/ e rr = ig&JU ½kyfw&m; r[kwf/ {aom = þ (11)rsKd; aom ½kyfw&m;onf/ e t[ro®d = igr[kwf/ {aom = þ (11)rsKd; aom ½kyfw&m;onf/ e ar twåmwd = ig&JUtwår[kwf[lí/ {0H = þokdYvQif/ {wH = þ (11)rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh wnfaewJh tvkH;pkHaom ½kyfw&m;ukd/ ,xmblwH = razmufrjyef [kwfwkdif;rSefpGm/ or®yÜnm, = ½kyfwkH;½kyfcJ emrfwkH;emrfcJ NzdKcGJazmufxGif; 0dyóem ÓPftvif;"mwfjzifh/ '|AÁH = ½IyGm;okH;oyftyfay\/
0dyóemÓPf&JU t½IcHtm½kHtjzpf jrwfpGmbk&m;u ½kyfw&m;awG ukd pm&if;xkwfjyvkdufwm b,fESpfrsKd; &SdoGm;NyDvJ¿ (11)rsKd;? tJ'D (11) rsKd;aom ½kyfw&m;awGukd - aewH rr = ig&JU½kyfw&m; r[kwfbl;? aeaom [ro®d = igr[kwfbl;? e araom twåm = ig&JUtwå r[kwfbl;vkdY 'Dvkd ½IygwJh/ [kd qaEém0g'okwåeft|uxmrsm;t&uawmh ]tedpö}vkdY ½Iygç ]'ku©}vkdY½Iygç ]tewå}vkdY½Iyg qkdwmeJY twlwlyJjzpfwJhtaMumif; zGifh qkdxm;ygw,f/ (r-|-4-232/)
igh[m igh[mvkdY pJGaewmu wPSmpJG? 'ku©mEkyóemÓPfu 'DwPSmpJGukd NzdKcJGEkdifwJh pGrf;tm;&Sdw,f? ig igvkdY axmifvTm;aewJhtpJGu rmepJG? tJ'D rmepJGukd tedpömEkyóemÓPfu NzdKcJGEkdifwJhpGrf;tm;&Sdw,f? ig&JU twåyJvkdYpJGaewJh tpJGuawmh 'd|dpJG? tJ'D'd|dpJGukd tewåmEkyóem ÓPfu NzdKcJGEkdifwJh pGrf;tm;&Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'D (11)rsKd;aom tjcif; t&mtm;jzifh wnfaewJh ½kyfw&m;awGukd tedpö 'ku© tewåvkdY vu©Pm a&;oHk;wef wifNyD;awmh wGifwGifBuD; 0dyóem½IygvkdY 'Dvkd ñTefMum; w,f/
tvm;wlyJ a0'emç onmç ocFg&ç 0dnmPfac:wJh usefemrfcE¨m av;yg;rSmvnf; ykHpHwlyJ ñTefMum;xm;ygw,f? 'Dawmh 0dyóemÓPf&JU t½IcHtm½kHjzpfwJh y&rw¬"mwfom;awGukd Munfhvkdufawmh twdwf cE¨m ig;yg;ç ypöKyÜef cE¨mig;yg;ç tem*wf cE¨mig;yg;ç tZÑwå cE¨mig;yg;ç A[d'¨ cE¨mig;yg;ç MoVm&du cE¨mig;yg;ç okckr cE¨mig;yg;ç [De cE¨mig;yg;ç yPDw cE¨mig;yg;ç 'l& cE¨mig;yg;ç oEÅdu cE¨mig;yg; - aygif;vkdufawmh (11)rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh wnfaewJh cE¨mig;yg;ç Oyg'geu©E¨m awGyJ/
tJ'D Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;awGukd tedpöç 'ku©ç tewå vu©Pma&; okH;wefwifNyD;awmh wGifwGifBuD; 0dyóem½Iyg? tJ'Dvkd 0dyóem½IEkdif&if bmjzpfrvJ¿ 'Dvkd0dyóemÓPfawGu rdrdwkdY&JU pdwf"mwfukd jzLpifoefY &Sif;oGm;atmif jyKjyifay;r,f/ pdwf"mwfawG npfEGrf;awmh owå0gawG npfEGrf;&w,f? pdwf"mwfawG jzLpifoefY&Sif;cJh&if owå0gawG jzLpif oefY&Sif;w,f/ bmjzpfvkdY npfEGrf;&ovJvkdYar;awmh 'DcE¨mig;yg; ½kyfw&m; emrfw&m;awGukd igyJç igh[myJç igh&JUtwåyJvkdY pJGvrf;xifjrif ½Iqifjcif aewJhtwGuf owå0gawG&JU pdwf"mwfawGu npfEGrf;ae&w,f/
'Dawmh owå0gawGu 'Dae&mrSm 'DcE¨mig;yg; ½kyfw&m; emrfw&m; awGukd igyJç igh[myJç igh&JUtwåyJvkdY pJGvrf;xifjrif ½IqifjcifrI r&SdbJ tedpöyJvkdYç 'ku©yJvkdYç tewåyJvkdY wGifwGifBuD; 0dyóem½IEkdifMur,fqkd&if awmh pdwf"mwfawG jzLpifoefY&Sif; roGm;Ekdifbl;vm;¿ oGm;Ekdifw,f/ 'g pdwf"mwfjzLpifoefY&Sif;apwwfwJh enf;vrf;yJ/
tJ'Denf;vrf;ukd bk&m;&Sifu ñTefMum;awmh bk&m;&Sif&JUw&m;ukd em,laeMuwJh &[ef;awmfawGuvnf; wpfenf;tm;jzifh y&dowf av; yg;vkH;uvnf; oabmaygufMuw,f em;vnfMuw,f ½IwwfMuw,f? 'DaeY 'Dw&m;emy&dowfxJrSm ½IwwfwJhyk*¾dKvfvnf; &Sdcsif&Sdr,f? r½Iwwf ao;wJhyk*¾dKvfawGvnf; &Sdcsif&SdMuvdrfhr,f? r½Iwwfao;wJh yk*¾dKvfawG twGuf enf;enf;twkdcsKyfNyD; 'Dn 0dyóem½IykHpepfuav;ukd ajymMu &atmif .../

orm"dukd xlaxmifyg

orm"ð bdu©a0 bma0x? orm[dawm bdu©a0 bdu©K ,xmblwH yZmemwd/ (oH-2-12/ oH-3-363/)
cE¨0*¾oH,kwfrSmvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mxm;w,f? opöoH,kwf rSmvnf; a[mxm;ygw,f/ ckeu twdwfç tem*wfç ypöKyÜefç tZÑwåç A[d'¨ ponfjzifh (11)rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh wnfaewJh 'D cE¨m ig;yg; ½kyfw&m; emrfw&m;awGukd [kwfwkdif;rSefpGm xGif;azmufodjrifa&; twGuf bmvkdtyfovJ¿ orm"dwpfckudk BudKwifxlaxmif&rSm jzpf w,f/
r*¾if&Spfyg;xJrSm bk&m;&Sifu or®morm"dqkdwJh r*¾ifwpfckukd xnfh a[mxm;awmfrlw,f/ 'Dvkd xnfha[mxm;wJhtwGufaMumifh 'DcE¨mig; yg;ç ½kyfw&m; emrfw&m;awG&JU tedpöç 'ku©ç tewåtjcif;t&mawGukd [kwfwkdif;rSefpGm oda&;twGuf orm"dwpfckukd BudKwifNyD; xlaxmifzkdY rvkdbl;vm;¿ vkdtyfw,f? tJ'Dawmh orm"dxlaxmifwJhtykdif;u r*¾if &Spfyg;xJrSm or®morm"dr*¾ifESifh jynfhpkHatmif BudK;pm;wJhtykdif; jzpfw,f? 0dok'¨d (7)yg;usifhpOft& pdwå0dok'¨dESifh jynfhpkHatmif BudK;pm;jcif;yJ jzpf ygw,f/

tmemygeusifhpOftusOf;

tJ'Dawmh 'Dorm"dxlaxmifwJhtykdif;rSm ur®|mef;av;q,f&SdwJh teuf BudKufwJh ur®|mef;ESifh orm"dukd xlaxmifEkdifygw,f/ 'Dnawmh tmemygeukdyJ twkdcsKyfNyD; orm"dxlaxmifykHajymzkdY &nf&G,fxm;w,f? 'Dawmh bk&m;&Sifu 'Dtmemygeur®|mef;ukd ñTefMum;wJhtcsdeftcgrSm eHygwfwpf 'DC - t&Snf? eHygwfESpf &ó - twkd? eHygwfokH; oAÁum,y#doHa0'D - tptqkH; tukefvkH;? eHygwfav; yórÇ,H - Nidrf;atmif usifhygqkdNyD; tqifh b,fESpfqifh csrSwfay;ovJ¿ av;qifh? 'g orm"d ykdif;? 'Dawmh tJ'Dav;qifhpvkH;rSm a,m*g0p&yk*¾dKvfu b,fvkdtm;xkwf &rvJ¿
aom oawm0 tóowd oawm0 yóowd/ (r-1-70/)
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'Dawmh t&Snfç twkdç tptqkH; tukefvkH;ukd xifxif&Sm;&Sm; odatmif yxravhusifh&rSmjzpfawmh a,m*g0p&yk*¾dKvfu tJ'D 0ifav xGufavukd ½IyGm;okH;oyfwJhtydkif;rSm -----
]]zk|zka|mumao ye owð XaywGm bma0EÅaó0 bm0em orÜZÆwd}} (0dok'¨d-1-271/)
vkdY 0dok'¨dr*ft|uxmu ñTefMum;xm;wJhtwkdif; -----
0ifwJhav xGufwJhav xdrIxif&Sm;wJh wpfae&muae apmifhNyD; awmh pdwfukd xm;zkdY vkdtyfygw,f/ Munfh&rSmu bmudk Munfh&rSmvJ¿ 0ifoufav xGufoufavukd Munfh&r,f/ xdwmudk Munfh&rSmvm;¿ 0ifav xGufavukd Munfh&rSmvm;¿ 0ifav xGufavudk Munfh&r,f/
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0ifav xGufav ]]ajcmuf}}
0ifav xGufav ]]ckepf}}
0ifav xGufav ]]&Spf}}
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yxrpsmeform"d

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b0ifqkdwmuawmh twdwfb0 aocgeD;umv r&PmoEéaZm u ,lxm;wJh tm½kHukdom vSrf;odw,f? ypöKyÜef ,ckvuf&Sd½IaewJhtm½kH qdk&ifawmh bmtm½kHrQukd rodbl;? tck tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfukd ½I w,f? tJ'Dedrdwfukdvnf; rodawmhbl;? ypöKyÜeftm½kHqkdvQif b,ftm½kHukdrS bmrS rodawmhbl;? tJ'D bmrSrodwJh 'Dpdwfu twdwfr&PmoEéaZm&JU tm½kHukdawmhodw,f? ypöKyÜeftm½kHrSeforQom rodwm? tJ'D bmrSrodwJh pdwfuav;awGukd b0ifvkdY ac:w,f/ b,fur®|mef;ESifhyJ ½I½Iayghav? rsm;aomtm;jzifh orm"dtawmftoifh jzpfvm&ifawmh enf;enf; 'D b0ifusrIuav;awGawmh jzpfwwfygw,f/ tJ'D b0ifusaewmukdyJ r*fqkdufNyD zkdvfqkdufNyDvkdY ,lq&ifawmh vrf;qkH;oGm;NyD? omoemESifh awGUwm b0wpfck ½IH;oGm;wmyJ? r*f zkdvf edAÁmefESifh ta0;BuD; &Sdao; w,f? ½kyfemrfawmif rodao;wJhtqifhyJ jzpfygao;w,f/
'Dawmh 'Dtmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHrSm bm0empdwfu wpfem&D ESpfem&D ponfjzifh Nidrf0yfpGm uyfNyD;wnfaeNyDqkdvkdY&Sd&if xkda,m*Dyk*¾dKvf u bmvkyf&rvJ¿ - [',0w¬K&Sd&mbufukd rdrdt"d|mefxm;wJh wpf em&DjynfhwJh tcsdeftcgavmuf qkdMupkdY? tJ'DtcsdefavmufrSm vSrf;NyD; Munfh&w,f? tJ'Dvdk vSrf;NyD;Munfhvdkuf&if tdrf&Sif b0ifraemtMunf "mwfukd awGUEdkifygw,f? 'Db0iftMunf"mwfudk raem'Gg&vdkY ac:w,f/ tJ'Db0ifraemtMunf"mwfrSm tvGefMunfvifawmufyaewJh tmem ygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHu aU&S½Iusa&mufaewJhtcg xifaewJhtcgrSm tJ'D'Gg&ESifh tm½kHudk yl;wGJodrf;qnf;NyD; psmeft*FgawGudk qifjcifMunfh vkdufvkdY&Sd&if 0dwufç 0dpm&ç yDwdç okcç {u*¾wm ac:wJh psmeft*Fg ig;yg;udk xifxif&Sm;&Sm; awGUvdrfhr,f/
b0ifpdwfqdkwmbmvJ¿
b0if = b0*F = b0 + b*F = b0rSm pdwftpOf rjywfpJa&;twGuf b0&JU taMumif;w&m;tjzpfESifh jzpfay:aewJh 0dygufpdwfwpfrsKd; jzpfyg w,f? y#doaE¨pdwfESifh rsKd;wlpdwf jzpfygw,f/ 'Db0ifpdwf[m twdwfu jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHqdkwJh taMumif; w&m;awGaMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh pdwfwpfrsKd; jzpfygw,f/ vlom;awG twGuf uGufajymr,fqdkvQif twdwfocFg&-uHawG[m ukodkvfocFg&-uHawGom jzpfMuygw,f/
b0wpfckrSm acgifqHk;jzpfwJh b0ifpdwfudk y#doaE¨pdwfç aemufqkH; jzpfwJh b0ifpdwfudkawmh pkwdpdwfvdkY ac:ygw,f/ y#doaE¨ESifh pkwd tMum; b0wpfavQmufrSm 0Dxdpdwf rjzpfvQif 'Db0ifpdwfawGu jzpf aeMuygw,f/ tcsKdUaomy#doaE¨ESifh tcsKdUaomy#doaE¨ESifhuyfaewJh b0ifuvGJvQif [tu,fí r&PmoEéaZm&JUtm½kHu ½kyfw&m;jzpfae vdkY&SdvQif r&PmoEéaZm&JU aemifrSmvnf; pkwdpdwf uscJhr,fqdkvQif y#doaE¨tm½kHç ,if;y#doaE¨ESifhuyfaewJh tcsKdUaomb0iftm½kHawG[m ,if;oufwrf;rukefqkH;ao;wJhç r&PmoEéaZm&JUtm½kHjzpfwJh ½kyfudkyJ qufvufNyD; tm½kHjyKMuygw,f/ 'Dvdk½kyftm½kHrsKd;jzpfvQifawmh y#doaE¨ ESifh ,if;b0iftcsKdUwdkY&JUtm½kHudk ypöKyÜefvdkYyJ ajym&ygw,f/] y#doaE¨ b0if pkwdpdwfwdkYu a,bk,stm;jzifh twdwfb0u aocgeD;umvrSm r&PmoEéaZmu ,lxm;cJhwJh tm½kHudkyJ odygw,f? tm½kHjyKaeygw,f/
Oyrm twdwfb0 aocgeD;umvrSm r&PmoEéaZmu 0dyóem ukodkvfaZmjzpfvdkY txufuajymcJhwJh aomwmEk*wokwåefrSm vm&SdwJh twdkif; ocFg&w&m;wdkY&JU tedpötcsufudk tm½kHjyKaew,f qdkMupdkY? ,ck vuf&Sdb0 y#doaE¨ b0if pkwdwdkYuvnf; tJ'DocFg&w&m;wdkY&JU tedpö tcsufudkyJ tm½kHjyKygw,f? odaeygw,f? ypöKyÜeftm½kH[lorQudkawmh rodygbl;/
'Db0ifudkyJ raem'Gg&vdkY okwåefenf;t& ac:qdkygw,f/ 'Db0ifudk ckvdk psmeft*FgawGudk odrf;qnf;awmhrnfh a,m*Du vSrf;NyD; tm½kH,l vdkufwJhtcg odrf;qnf;vdkufwJhtcg b,fvdkawGUwwfovJ¿ 'Dtydkif; udkawmh &Sif;jyzdkY vdkygvdrfhr,f/
'Db0ifudk t*FkwådK&fygVdawmfrSm (tH-1-9/) bk&m;&Sifu --
ybó&rd'H bdu©a0 pdwåH/ (tH-1-9/)
'Dvdk a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ t|uxmuvnf; --
pdwåEÅd b0*FpdwåH/ (tH-|-1-45/)
'Dvdk zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/ 'DzGifhqdkcsuft& txufyg ygVdawmfrSm vm&SdwJh pdwå (= pdwf)t& b0ifpdwfudk &nfñTef;um bk&m;&Sif a[mMum; awmfrlw,fvdkY od&ygw,f/ 'Db0ifpdwfu b,fvdk oabm&SdovJ¿ ybó&H = NydK;NydK;jyuf wvufvuf awmufyw,fvdkY 'Dvdk bk&m;&Sifu a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/
'DvdkqdkvQif pdwfrSm ta&mif&Sdygovm;vdkYawmh ar;p&m &Sdw,f/ ta&mifawmh r&Sdygbl;/ (tH-|-1-45/)
odkYaomf pdwfonf wpfenf;ajymvQif b0ifpdwft0iftygjzpfwJh [',0w¬K½kyfudk rSDwG,fjzpfaewJh pdwfonf pdwåZ½kyfudk jzpfapEdkifwJh pGrf;tm; &Sdygw,f/ 'DpdwfaMumifhjzpfwJh pdwåZ½kyfuvmyfawGudk "mwfcGJ MunfhvdkufvQif uvmyfwpfckwpfckrSm yx0D tmayg awaZm 0ga,m 0PÖ *E¨ &o MoZmqdkNyD; oabmw&m; (8)rsKd;pD &Sdwwfygw,f/ pdwf wpfckwpfck[m pdwåZ½kyfuvmyfaygif;rsm;pGmudk jzpfapEdkifwJh pGrf;tm; &Sdw,f/ txl;ojzifh ckajymaewJh orxbm0empdwfwdkYvdk tqifhtwef; jrifhaewJh pdwfrsKd;awGç aemufajymrnfh 0dyóempdwfrsKd;awG[m pdwåZ ½kyfuvmyfaygif;rsm;pGmudk jzpfapEdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&Sdygw,f/ txl;ojzifh orxbm0empdwf 0dyóembm0empdwfwdkYvdk tqifhtwef; jrifhrm; aewJh pdwfawGaMumifh jzpfay:oGm;MuwJh pdwåZ½kyfuvmyfawGrSm yg0ifwJh 0PÖ"mwf (= ½lyg½kH)[m bmok&½ly = tvGefawmufywJhoabm &Sdyg w,f? (r[m#D-2-428-429/) orxbm0empdwf 0dyóembm0empdwf wdkYESifh ,SOfwGJaewJhÓPfu xufvQifxufovdk ydkawmufywJhoabm &Sdygw,f/ tvm;wlyJ b0ifpdwfuvnf; pdwåZ½kyfuvmyfawGudk jzpfap Ekdifawmh 'Db0ifpdwfaMumifh jzpfay:wJh pdwåZ½kyfuvmyfwdkif;rSm yg0ifwJh 0PÖ"mwf (= ½lyg½kH)[mvnf; awmufywJhoabm &Sdwwfygw,f? b0if pdwfESifh ,SOfwGJaewJhÓPfu xufvQifxufovdk EkHYvQifvnf;EkHYovdk awmufywJhoabmawmh &Sdygw,f/
'Dae&mrSm b0ifpdwfukd jzpfapwwfwJhtaMumif;&if;uHESifh ,SOfwJG aewhJÓPfu xufvQifxufovdk b0ifpdwfESifh,SOfwGJaewJh ÓPfu vnf; xufjrufwwfygw,f/ aomwmEk*wokwåefrSmvmwJhtwdkif; taMumif;&if;uHu 0dyóemuHjzpfvdkY ocFg&w&m;wdkY&JU tedpötcsufudk odaewJh uHrsKd;jzpfaevQif b0ifpdwfuvnf; 'DocFg&w&m;wdkY&JU tedpö tcsufudkyJ odaeygw,f/ 'DvdkÓPfrsKd;awGudkawmh xufjrufwJh ÓPf awGvdkY qdk&ygw,f/ 'Dvkd b0ifpdwfwpfckwpfck[m pdwåZ½kyfuvmyf aygif;pGmudk jzpfapEdkifwJhtwGuf uvmyfwpfckrSmwnf&SdwJh ½lyg½kHta&mif tqif;ESifh tjcm;uvmyfwpfckrSm wnf&SdwJh ½lyg½kHta&miftqif;wdkY[m tvGefeD;uyfpGm yGwfcsKyfxdcdkufNyD;jzpfwJhtcg a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu 'Db0ifpdwf &Sd&m [',0w¬Kbufudk vSrf;MunfhvdkufvQif tJ'D½lyg½kHwdkY&JU taygif; tpkBuD;udk vSrf;NyD;awmh jrifwwfygw,f/ 'D½lyg½kHtaygif;tpkawGu MunfvifaewJhoabm &Sdygw,f/ 'DMunfvifaewJhoabmudkyJ b0if raemtMunfvdkY wifpm;um (tusKd;&JUtrnfudk taMumif;ü wifpm; um) ac:a0:okH;pGJjcif; jzpfygw,f/ a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu tJ'D b0ifraem tMunf"mwfudkawmh yxr odrf;qnf;wwfzdkY vdkygw,f/
'D b0ifraemtMunf"mwfudk odrf;qnf;wJhtcgrSm cPcP vSrf;NyD;awmh ESvkH;tdrfbufudkawmh rMunfhygeJY/ tenf;qkH; tmemyge y#dbm*edrdwftm½kHrSm wpfem&D odkYr[kwf ESpfem&Davmuf bm0empdwfu NidrfuyfpGmuyfNyD; wnfaeNyD;rS [',0w¬K&Sd&m ESvkH;tdrfbufodkY puúefY ydkif;avmufom pkdufMunfhyg/
tu,fí rawGUygu MumMum rMunfhbJ tmemygey#dbm*edrdwf tm½kHudkyJ xyfNyD;½Iyg? orm"dudk jyefvnfxlaxmifyg/ tmemygey#dbm* edrdwftm½kHrSm bm0empdwfu epfjrKyfoGm;NyD; tenf;qkH; (10)rdepf (15)rdepfavmuf xyfNyD; epfjrKyfoGm;NyD;qdkygrS wpfzef jyefMunfhyg/ 'Denf;twdkif; avhusifhygu MunfvifawmufyaewJh b0ifraem tMunf"mwfudk ÓPfESifh awGUjrifEdkifygw,f/
tJ'Dvdk b0ifraemtMunf"mwfudk odrf;qnf;EdkifwJhtcg tmemyge y#dbm*edrdwfudkyJ jyeftm½kH,lum yxrpsmefudk xyfNyD;awmh 0ifpm;yg? psmefrSxwJhtcg b0ifraemtMunf"mwfudk xyfNyD; odrf;qnf;Munfhyg/ 'Dvdkodrf;qnf;vkdufwJhtcg b0ifraemtMunf"mwfqdkwJh rSefxJrSm rdrd ½IyGm;aewJh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHudk a&S;½SLusa&mufaewm xifaewmudk awGUNyDqdkvQif psmeft*FgawGudk odrf;qnf;EkdifNyD jzpfygw,f/

psmeft*Fgig;yg;

0dwuf 0dpm& yDwd okc {u*¾wmqdkNyD; yxrpsmefrSm psmeft*Fg ig;yg; &Sdygw,f/
0dwufqkdwmu MunfvifaewJh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHay: okdY pdwfukd a&S;½Iwifay;jcif;oabm?
0dpm& = tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHukd xyfum xyfum okH;oyf qifjcifaejcif;oabm?
yDwd = tmemygey#dbm*edrdwf tm½kHukd ESpfoufaejcif;oabm?
okc = tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kH\ t&omukd csrf;csrf;omom cHpm;aejcif;oabm?
{u*¾wm = tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHwpfckwnf;ay:okdY pdwf usa&mufwnfNidrfaejcif;oabm -----
aygif;vkdufawmh --- oabmw&m; ig;ck? oabmw&m;ig;ckwkdY&JU taygif;ukdawmh psmefvkdYac:w,f? 0dwufç 0dpm&ç yDwdç okcç {u*¾wm wpfvkH;pD wpfvkH;pDukdawmh psmeft*FgvkdY ac:w,f/
vSnf;wpfck qkdMupkdY? 0if½kd;wkdY vSnf;bD;wkdY xrf;ykd;wkdY ponfjzifh tm;vkH;aygif;pkxm;wJh taygif;tpkukdawmh vSnf;vkdYac:w,f? wpfckpD wpfckpDjzKwfxm;vkdufawmh 'gu 0if½kd;ç 'gu vSnf;bD;ç 'gu xrf;ykd;ç ponfjzifh wpfckpD cJGjcm;NyD;awmh ac:&w,f? tJ'DykHpHtwkdif;yJ 'Dpsmef t*Fgig;ckwkdY&JU taygif;ukd psmefvkdYac:w,f? ajrvQKd;rkd;ysHaewmukd psmef vkdYac:wm r[kwfygbl;? tJ'Dpsmeft*Fgig;ckwkdY&JU taygif;tpkukd psmef vkdYac:w,f? wpfckpD wpfckpDukdawmh psmeft*FgvkdY ac:ygw,f/
tJ'D psmeft*Fgig;yg;u bkef;BuD;ajymawmh rajymcsifygbl;? 'gayrJh vnf; w&m;yJGukd vma&mufremEkdifvkdU wu,fvufawGUvnf; 'DXmerSm vma&mufNyD; tm;rxkwfEkdifvkdY w&m;acGuav;ukdyJ emNyD; tm;xkwf& rnfh ta0;u w&m;emwJhyk*¾dKvfawGtwGuf iJhn§mNyD;awmh enf;enf; awmh ajym&rSmaygh/
psmeft*Fgig;yg;u qifjcifprSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfwkdY&JU ÓPfrSm wpfvkH;pD ay:wwfygw,f? a,m*Du xyfum xyfum avhusifh zefrsm;vmvkdY&Sd&if xyfum xyfum avhusifh&ifawmh ÓPfxJrSm NydKifwl ay:ygw,f? tu,fí 'Dpsmeft*FgawGu ÓPfxJrSm rxifr&Sm; jzpf aeao;&ifawmh rdrd½IjrJjzpfwJh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHrSmyJ pdwf ukd Nidrf0yfpGmuyfNyD;awmh wnfaeatmif BudK;pm;&w,f? BudK;pm;vkdufwJh tcsdeftcgrSm NidrfNyDqkdrS wpfcgjyefMunfhyg/ psmef0ifpm;rItcsdef wpfem&D ausmfrS avhusifhyg? tJ'Dvkd avhusihfzefrsm;vm&if 'Dpsmeft*FgawGukd NydKifwl ay:wm awGUEkdifNyD? awGUvkdufwJh tcsdeftcgrSm a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu 'Dyxrpsmeform"dukd ckdifcHhatmif 0oDabmfig;wef Ekdifeif;atmif avh usifh&ygw,f? psmeft*Fgukd tcsdefra&G; qifjcifvkdY&atmif avhusifh& w,f? 'Dpsmefukd 0ifpm;csifwJhtcsdeftcgrSm tcsdefra&G;0ifpm;vkdY&atmif avhusifh&w,f? xcsifwJhtcsdeftcgrSm tcsdefra&G; xvkdY&atmif avh usifh&w,f? wpfem&Dt"d|mef&if wpfem&D&atmifç wpfrdepft"d|mef&if wpfrdepf&atmif avhusifhxm;&w,f/
tJ'Dpsmeft*Fgudk qifjcifwJhtykdif;rSm raem'Gg&m0ZÆef;ESifh qifjcif wJhtykdif;ç aZmESifh qifjcifwJhtydkif;qkdwm ESpfu@&Sdw,f/ ESpfu@&SdwJh teufu raem'Gg&m0ZÆef;ESifh qifjcifwmyJjzpfjzpfç aZmESifh qifjcifwmyJ jzpfjzpf tm;vkH;twlwlyJ? tm0ZÆe0oDESifh ypöa0u©Pm0oDqkdNyD;awmh 'DvkdESpfck cJGxm;w,f? raem'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwfESifh psmeft*Fgukd qifjcifwm ukd tm0ZÆe0oD? ypöa0u©PmaZmpdwfESifh psmeft*Fgukd qifjcifwmukd ypöa0u©Pm0oDvkdY 'DvkdESpfck cJGjcm;owfrSwfxm;w,f/ aygif;vkdufawmh 0oDabmfig;wefyJ? tJ'D0oDabmfig;wef Ekdifeif;atmifawmh avhusifhay; &ygw,f/

'kwd,psmeform"d

avhusifhvkdY auseyfNyDqkd&ifawmh 'kwd,psmefudk ul;Ekdifw,f? yÍöu enf;t& ÓPfEkHYwJhyk*¾dKvfrsm;uawmh 0dwufESifh 0dpm& ESpfckukd wpfvkH;pD jzKwf&w,f? ÓPfxufwJhyk*¾dKvfrsm; jzpfcJh&ifawmh 0dwufESifh 0dpm&ukd NydKifwljzKwfvkdY&w,f/ tJ'Dawmh b,fvkdjzKwfrvJar;awmh jzKwfykHenf; pepfawmh &Sdygw,f? 'D0oDabmfig;wef Ekdifeif;atmif yxrpsmefukd avh usifhNyD;wJh olawmfaumif;u 'Dyxrpsmefonf eD0&P&efolESifh eD;uyf w,fvkdY yxr qifjcifyg/
eD0&P&efolqkdwmu pdwfuav;u awmfawmfuav; tmemyge y#dbm*edrdwfrSm NidrfoGm;rS 'D &m* a'go arm[pwJh eD0&P tnpf taMu;awGu uGmusoGm;w,f? rNidrfcifrSm 'D &m* a'go arm[pwJh eD0&PawGu wpfvSnfhpD 0if0ifNyD;awmh aESmihf,SufwwfwJhoabm &Sdw,f? 'gaMumifh 'Dyxrpsmefonf eD0&P&efolESifhvnf; eD;w,f? 'kwd,psmefavmufvnf; rNidrfoufbl;? 0dwuf 0dpm&awGuvnf; ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;wJh oabm&Sdw,f? 'gaMumifh usKd;ysufvG,fwJhoabm &Sdw,f? usKd;ysufvG,fwJhtwGuf tm;enf;aom psmeft*Fgvnf;&Sdw,f/
b,fvkd ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;ovJvkdY ar;awmh rdrdwkdYu NidrfoufwJh orm"dukd vkdcsifaewJh olawmfaumif;awG jzpfMuw,f? 'DvkdNidrfoufrI orm"dukd tvkd&SdaewJh olawmfaumif;wpfOD;tzkdY? 'Dtm½kHay:ukd pdwf uav;ukd wifwifay;ae&wmukdu yifyef;aew,f? 'Dtm½kHukd xyfum xyfum okH;oyfae&wmukdu yifyef;aew,f? 'gaMumifh tJ'D yifyef;rI &SdaewJhtwGuf pdwf&JUMurf;wrf;aewJh trlt&mwpfrsKd;yJvkdY 'Dvkdoabm aygufNyD;awmh 0dwufç 0dpm&ukd tvkdr&SdwJh pdwfxm;ESifh? rwif&bJESifh Nidrfae&if ykdaumif;rSmyJ? rokH;oyf&bJESifh Nidrfae&if ykdaumif;rSmyJqkdwJh 'Dvkdpdwfxm;rsKd;ESifh tvGefMunfvifawmufyaewJh 'Dtmemygey#dbm* edrdwfukd pdwfuav;u pkdufNyD; uyfMunfhay;&w,f? ½Iae&w,f/
tJ'DtcsdeftcgrSm 0dwufç 0dpm& jyKwfoGm;vdrfhr,f? yDwdç okcç {u*¾wmqkdwJh psmeft*FgokH;yg;&SdwJh 'kwd,psmefukd ul;oGm;vdrfhr,f? tJ'D 'kwd,psmefukdvnf; 0oDabmfig;wef Ekdifeif;atmif avhusifh&w,f/

wwd,psmeform"d

'kwd,psmefukd 0oDabmfig;wef Ekdifeif;atmif avhusifhNyD;wJhtcg wwd,psmefukd ul;csif,if 'kwd,psmefukd 0ifpm;NyD;aemuf 'kwd,psmefrS xum 'Dvkd qifjcifyg/ ---
1/ 'D'kwd,psmeformywf[m 0dwufç 0dpm&qkdwJh eD;uyfwJh &efol &Sdw,f/
2/ (yDwdukd jyefodrf;qnf;NyD; qifjcifMunfhyg/) 'DyDwd[m pdwfvIyf&Sm; rIukd trsm;qkH; jzpfapwwfwJhtwGuf ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;&um; usKd;ysufvG,fwJhoabm&Sdw,f/
3/ (okcESifh {u*¾wmukd odrf;qnf;NyD; jyefqifjcifMunfhyg/) 'Dokc {u*¾wmqkdwJh psmeft*FgESpfyg;&SdwJh wwd,psmefu ydkNidrfouf w,f/
tJ'Dvkd qifjcifNyD;aemuf 'kwd,psmefukd tvkdr&SdwJhpdwfxm; yDwdukd jzKwfypfcsifwJhpdwfxm; ykdNidrfoufwJh wwd,psmefukd tvkd&SdwJhpdwfxm; ESifh 'D tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHukdyJ pkduf½I&w,f/ ½IvkdufvkdY yDwd jyKwfoGm;cJh&if okcç {u*¾wmqkdwJh psmeft*FgESpfyg;&SdwJh wwd,psmefudk qkdufr,f? qkduf&if 0oDabmfig;wef Ekdifeif;atmif avhusifhyg/

pwkw¬psmeform"d

wwd,psmefukd 0oDabmfig;wef Ekdifeif;atmif avhusifhNyD;wJhtcg pwkw¬psmefukd ul;csif&if wwd,psmefudk0ifpm;NyD;aemuf wwd,psmefrS xum 'Dvkd qifjcifyg/ ---
1/ 'D wwd,psmeformywf[m yDwdqkdwJh eD;uyfwJh&efol&Sdw,f/
2/ (okcukd jyefodrf;qnf;NyD; qifjcifMunfhyg/ pdwfcsrf;om&if pdwf xJrSm wodrfhodrfhESifh enf;enf;awmh vIyf&Sm;aewwfw,f/) - 'gaMumifh okc[m ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;wJhoabm &Sdw,f? ½kefY&if; Murf;wrf;wJhtwGuf ysufpD;vG,fwJhoabm &Sdw,f/
3/ Oayu©m {u*¾wmac:wJh psmeft*FgESpfyg;&SdwJh pwkw¬psmefuawmh ykdNyD; Nidrfoufw,f/
'DvkdqifjcifNyD;aemuf okcukd tvkdr&SdwJh (= wwd,psmefukd tvkd r&SdwJh) pdwfESifh ykdNyD;NidrfoufwJh Oayu©m {u*¾wmqkdwJh psmeft*FgESpfyg; &SdwJh pwkw¬psmefukdvkdcsifwJh pdwfESifh 'Dtmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHukdyJ xyfNyD; tm½kHjyK&w,f/
okcjyKwfcsifwJhpdwfESifh 'Dtmemygey#dbm*edrdwfukdyJ xyfNyD; ½Iae cJh&if okcjyKwfoGm;&if Oayu©mac:wJh tvGefNidrfoufaewJh a0'em wpfrsKd; 0ifvmvdrfhr,f - Oayu©m {u*¾wmac:wJh psmeft*FgESpfrsKd;&Sd wJh pwkw¬psmefukd qkdufr,f/
'Dpwkw¬psmefukd qkduf-rqkdufukd odEkdifwJh tifrwef xif&Sm;wJh trSwftom;uawmh toufr½SLjcif;yJ jzpfygw,f? touf½SLaeao; &ifawmh pwkw¬psmefukd rqdkufao;bl;? toufvkH;vkH; r½SLawmhbl; qkdvkdY&Sd&ifawmh pwkw¬psmefukd qkdufoGm;NyD? tJ'D pwkw¬psmefukdvnf; 0oDabmfig;wef Ekdifeif;atmif avhusifhNyD;wJh tcsdeftcgrSm xkda,m*D olawmfaumif;u b,fur®|mef;ukd ul;csifovJ¿ ur®|mef;av;q,fxJ u ul;csifwJhur®|mef; ul;ç ul;vkdY&w,f/
"mwfur®|mef;tusOf;enf;
0dyóemoGm;csifw,f qkdvkdY&Sd&ifawmh xkdyk*¾dKvfonf bmvkyf& rvJ¿ ½kyfur®|mef;uae pwifí ½kyfemrfwkdYukd odrf;qnf;wJhpepfwpfckç emrfur®|mef;uae pwifí ½kyfemrfwkdYukd odrf;qnf;wJh pepfwpfck --- ESpfck&SdwJhteufu BudKufwJhpepfjzifh ½kyfemrfukd odrf;qnf;Ekdifygw,f/ 'Dawmh "mwfur®|mef;uae podrf;qnf;wJh pepfuav;ukd enf;enf; twkdcsKyfajymr,f ----- w&m;xkdifwkdif; xkdifwkdif; tmemygepwkw¬psmef orm"dukd xlaxmifyg/ vif;a&mifjcnfpGrf;tifawG tm;aumif;vmwJh tcg "mwfav;yg;ukd ½Iyg/
"mwf b,fESpfyg;&SdovJ¿ -- av;yg;? yx0D"mwfç tmayg"mwfç awaZm"mwfç 0ga,m"mwf?
rmrI xif&Sm;wJh wpfae&mupNyD;awmh rmwJhoabmukd wpfukd,f vkH;jrifatmif ½I&w,f?
Murf;rIxif&Sm;wJhwpfae&mupNyD;awmh Murf;wJhoabmukd wpf ukd,fvkH;jrifatmif ½I&w,f?
av;rIxif&Sm;wJh wpfae&mupNyD;awmh av;wJhoabmukd wpf ukd,fvkH;jrifatmif ½I&w,f/
atmifjrifrI&cJh&ifawmh aysmhrIxif&Sm;wJh wpfae&maygh? atmuf twGif;EIwfcrf;om;uav;udk vQmESifh xdxm;Munfhyg/ aysmhaewmudk awGUEdkifygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk aysmhrIxif&Sm;wJh wpfae&mupNyD; aysmhwJh oabmç acsmrI xif&Sm;wJh wpfae&mupNyD; acsmwJhoabmç ayghrI xif&Sm;wJh wpfae&mupNyD; ayghwJhoabm tJ'Doabmw&m;awGukd wpfukd,fvkH; jrifatmif ½I&w,f? rmç Murf;ç av;ç aysmhç acsmç aygh - 'g yx0D"mwf oabmw&m; ajcmufckyJ/ (tbd-1-170/ tbd-|-1-368/)
atmifjrifrI &NyDqkd&ifawmh enf;enf;ausmfvkduf? ylrIxif&Sm;wJh wpfae&mupNyD; ylwJhoabmç at;rIxif&Sm;wJhwpfae&mupNyD; at; wJhoabmukd wpfukd,fvkH;jrifatmif ½Iyg? awaZm"mwfyJ/
atmifjrifrI&&if 0ga,m"mwful;vkduf? axmufuefrI xif&Sm;wJh wpfae&muaeNyD; axmufuefwJhoabmukd wpfukd,fvkH; jrifatmif½I? wGef;uefrIxif&Sm;wJh wpfae&muaeNyD; wGef;uefwJhoabmukd wpf ukd,fvkH;jrifatmif ½I&w,f/
axmufw,fqkdwmuawmh cE¨mtdrfukd Nidrfatmif xdef;xm;wJh oabmuav;yJ? tdrfwpftdrfNydKawmhr,fqkd&if usm;ac:wJh wkwfwpf acsmif;ESifh uefxm;ovkd axmufxm;wJhoabmuav;yJ/
wGef;uefrIqkdwmu ckeu 0ifav xGufavxJrSmvnf; &Sdygw,f? acgif;tv,favmufrSm pdwfuav; pkdufxm;yg? oGm;uav;ukd enf; enf;zdxm;? touf½SLMunfhyg/ wGef;rItm;awG xif&Sm;aewm awGU&yg w,f/
tJ'D wGef;uefrIç axmufuefrIoabmu 0ga,m"mwf - aygif; vkdufawmh "mwfoabm q,fck?
yx0D"mwfoabmw&m;u ajcmufrsKd;? awaZm"mwfoabmw&m; u ylrIç at;rI ESpfrsKd;? 0ga,m"mwfoabmw&m;u axmufrIç wGef;rI ESpfrsKd; aygif;vkdufawmh q,frsKd;? tJ'D q,frsKd;ukd xyfum xyfum ½I&if zJGUpnf;wJhoabmw&m; ay:vmr,f? oGm;t&if;wkdY vQmt&if;wkdY vQmzsm;wkdY tJ'Dvkd ,kdpD;rIxif&Sm;wJh wpfae&mupNyD; ,kdpD;wJhoabmukd wpfukd,fvkH; tom;Mum; t½kd;Mum; ta&Mum; taMumMum; pdkufMunfh/
wpfukd,fvkH; jrifatmif MunfhvkdufwJhtcg ,kdpD; zGJUpnf;wJhoabm xif&Sm;NyDqkd&if 'D,kdpD; zJGUpnf;oabmu tmayg"mwf - aygif;vkduf awmh "mwfb,fESpfyg; jzpfoGm;NyDvJ¿ av;yg;/
tJ'D "mwfav;yg;ukd ½IwwfNyDqkd&ifawmh bk&m;a[ma'oemawmf twkdif; tpOftwkdif; jyef½I&w,f? yx0D"mwf tmayg"mwf awaZm "mwf 0ga,m"mwfqkdwJh a'oempOftwkdif; rmç Murf;ç av;ç aysmhç acsmç ayghç ,kdpD;ç zJGUpnf;ç ylç at;ç axmufç wGef; tJ'Doabmw&m; q,fhESpfckukd ajcqkH;acgif;qkH; oGufatmif½Iyg/

jcHKikHí wpfukd,fvkH;ukdMunfhyg

oGufNyDqkd&if jcHKMunfhyg/ rdrdxkdifaewmukd tay:u pD;MunfhwJh ykHpHjzifh wpfukd,fvkH;ukd ikHMunfh&w,f/
tJ'Dvkd ikHMunfhvkdufwJh tcsdeftcgrSm "mwfawGu NydKifwlvkdvkd ay:aeNyDqkd&ifawmh rmç Murf;ç av;ç aysmhç acsmç ayghudk MunfhNyD;awmh yx0D"mwf? ,kdpD;ç zJGUpnf;ukd MunfhNyD;awmh tmayg"mwf? ylç at;ukd MunfhNyD;awmh awaZm"mwf? axmufç wGef;udk MunfhNyD;awmh 0ga,m "mwf - tJ'Dvkd av;csuf½Iyg/
"mwfav;yg;tm½kHü pdwfukd Nidrfatmifxdef;yg? orm"dukd xlaxmif yg/ yx0D"mwfç tmayg"mwfç awaZm"mwfç 0ga,m"mwf tJ'Dvkd xyf umxyfum ½IvkdufNyDqkd&if bmjzpfvmrvJ¿ wjznf;jznf; pdwfu "mwf av;yg;tm½kHü Nidrf0yfpGm uyfNyD;wnfaevdrfhrnf/ bmaMumifhvJ¿ [kd bufu tmemygejzifh rdrdu pwkw¬psmefqkdufatmif orm"dxlaxmif NyD;rS "mwfBuD;av;yg;udk tm½kHjyKí orm"dukd qufvufxlaxmifvdkYyJ jzpfw,f/
xkdifwkdif; xkdifwkdif;awmh orm"d xlaxmif&ygw,f? tmemyge y#dbm*edrdwfukd tm½kH,lNyD;awmh pwkw¬psmeform"dqkdufatmif orm"d xlaxmifNyD;rS 'D"mwfav;yg;ukd ½IvmwJhtwGuf [kdbufu orm"du aus;Zl;jyKay;vkdufawmh 'DbufrSm "mwfav;yg;ay:rSm pdwfu Nidrf0yfrI vG,fvG,fuav;eJY &vmw,f? "mwfav;yg;tm½kHü pdwfu Nidrf0yfpGm uyfNyD;wnfvmNyDqkdvkdY&Sd&if xkda,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu bmvkyf&rvJ¿ "mwfav; yg; tm½kHrSm Nidrfoxuf Nidrfatmif uyfNyD;awmh ½I&w,f/

tjzLjyif ESifh tMunfjyif

½IvkdY NidrfNyDqkd&ifawmh yx0D"mwfrSm rmwJhoabm? tmayg"mwf rSm ,kdpD;wJhoabm? awaZm"mwfrSm ylwJhoabm? 0ga,m"mwfrSm axmufwJhoabm tJ'Dav;ckukd OD;pm;ay;½Ivkduf? ½IvkdY NidrfvmNyDqkdvkdY &Sd&if bmjzpfvmwwfovJ¿ - tjzL pay:wwfygw,f? bmjzpfvkdY 'D tjzLu ay:ae&ovJqkdwmuawmh a&cJwkH; wpfwkH; Munfhaygh? trSwf wrJh jAKef;ueJ cyfvSrf;vSrf;u Munfhvkduf&ifawmh jzLaew,fvkdY xif &w,f? aoaocsmcsm tem;uyfMunfhvkdufawmh Munfaeygw,f/ tJ'D awmh tMunf"mwfukd rawGUcifuav;rSm tjzLjyifukd pawGUjcif; jzpf w,f/
tJ'DtjzLrSmvnf; wnf&SdaewJh "mwfav;yg;ukd jrifatmif qufNyD; pkduf½I&ygw,f/ pkduf½IvkdufvdkY&Sd&if a&cJwkH; rSefwHk; zefwkH;vkd MunfaewJh tMunf"mwfukd awGUwwfygw,f? bmtMunfvJvkdYar;awmh -----
ckeuajymcJhwJh ½kyfavmurSm bk&m;&Sifu tMunf"mwf b,fESpfrsKd; a[mcJhovJ¿ ig;rsKd;? rsufpdtMunfç em;tMunfç ESmacgif;tMunfç vQmtMunfç ukd,ftMunfqkdNyD; tMunf½kyf b,fESpfrsKd;a[mxm;ovJ¿ ig;rsKd;/
tJ'D ukd,ftMunfqkdwmu wpfukd,fvkH; ae&mtESHUtjym;rSm &Sd w,f? r&SdwJhae&m r&Sdbl;? wpfukd,fvkH; tESHUtjym;&Sdawmh 'DtMunf½kyfukd uvmyftrIefuav;awGudk rawGUcif jyifvkduf twkH;vkduf tcJvkdufBuD; oGm;awGUjcif; jzpfygw,f? tJ'D tMunfjyif tMunfwkH;rSmvnf; wnf&SdaewJh "mwfav;yg;ukd jrifatmif qufpkduf½I&w,f/
pu©m'dyÍö0d"H ½lyg'DeH *[Pypö,bma0e tm'gowvH 0d, 0dyÜoEéwåm yom'½lyH/ (0dok'¨d-2-81/)
pu©KpwJh ig;rsKd;aom ½kyfawG[m ½lyg½HkpwJh tm½kH ig;rsKd;udk tm½kH ,lzdkY&m pu©K0dnmPfpwJh qdkif&m 0dnmPf ig;rsKd;wkdY&JU rSD&m edó, taMumif;w&m;tjzpfjzifh aus;Zl;jyKay;aeNyD; aMu;rkH (= rSef) tjyifuJhodkY MunfvifaewJh twGufaMumifh yom'½kyf rnfygw,fvdkY 0dok'¨dr*¾ t|uxmu zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/ --

½kyfuvmyftrIefrsm;

"mwfBuD;av;yg;udk pkduf½IvkdufNyDqkdvkdY&Sd&ifawmh yg&rDawG &ifh anmif;wJh olawmfaumif; jzpfcJh&ifawmh 'D½kyfuvmyftrIefuav; awGukd vG,fvG,fuav;eJY awG&wwfygw,f? tMunfwkH;BuD;u NydKuJG oGm;wwfygw,f/ vG,fvG,fuav;eJY 'D tMunfjyifBuD;u uJGxGuf roGm;bl;qkd&ifawmh 'DtMunfjyifrSm tmumo"mwf &Sdaeav&JUvkdY tm½kH,lNyD;awmh 'Dvif;a&mifjcnfpGrf;tm; tultnDESifh tmumo "mwfudk pkduf½Ivkduf&if trIefuav;awGukd pawGUwwfygw,f/
r[m&m[kavm0g'okwåef (r-2-86/) .. pwJh xdkxdkokwåefwdkYrSm ]]tmumo"mwfukd ½I&ef}} bk&m;&Sifu ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ vu©Pm[m&aewådenf;t& a[mMum;oGm;awmfrljcif; jzpfygw,f/ tmumo"mwfukd OD;wnfí Oyg'g½kyfawGudk ½IyGm;odrf;qnf;&ef bk&m; &Sifu ñTefMum;awmfrljcif; jzpfaMumif;udk t|uxmu (r-|-3-97/) &Sif;jyxm;ygw,f/
'DtrIefuav;awGukd ½kyfuvmyfawGvkdY ac:w,f? ½kyfuvmyf qkdwm y&rw¬opöme,frSm ½kyfwkdY&JU tao;qkH; tzJGUtpnf;uav;yJ/ tJ'DtrIefuav;awGukd pawGUNyDqkdvkdY&Sd&ifvnf; wpfrIef wpfrIefrSm wnf&SdwJh yx0Dç tmaygç awaZmç 0ga,mqkdwJh "mwfav;yg;ukd jrifatmif ppkduf½I&w,f/
tJ'D"mwfav;yg;ukd jrifatmif pkduf½IvkdYr&bl;? trIefuav;awG u ay:wm aysmufwm odyfNyD;jrefaeNyDqkdvkdY&Sd&if xkdyk*¾dKvf[m bmvkyf& ovJ¿ wpfukd,fvkH; ½Iaeustwkdif; jcHKNyD;awmh ]rm}wmukd pkduf½Ivkduf? trIefuav;wpfckrSm ]rm}wmukd pkduf½Ivkduf? aysmufoGm;&if aemuf wpfrIef ajymif;pkdufNyD;½I? aysmufoGm; aemufwpfrIef ajymif;pkdufNyD;½I? tJ'Dvkd xyfum xyfum ½IvkdufvkdY ½IvkdufwJh trIefwkdif;rSm rmwJhoabm ukd oabmayguf&if rmwm Murf;wm ESpfckaygh? ESpfck oabmayguf&if okH;ck ponfjzifh wjznf;jznf; ajymif;pkduf½I&ygw,f? pkduf½IvkdufvdkY 'DtrIef wkdif;rSm "mwfav;yg;ukd jrifNyDqkdvdkY&Sd&if bmjzpfrvJ¿

Oyg'g½kyfrsm;ukd odrf;qnf;ykH

£ar pwåma&m r[mblaw y&d*¾PSEÅó Oyg'g½lyH ygu#H a[mwd/ (tbd-|-2-241/)
[kd .. oar®m[0daem'eDt|uxmBuD;u zGifhxm;w,f? 'D½kyfu vmyfwkdif; ½kyfuvmyfwkdif;ç trIefwkdif; trIefwkdif;rSm "mwfBuD;av;yg;ukd jrifatmif pkduf½IEkdif&if <uif;usefaewJh Oyg'g½kyfawG xif&Sm;vmNyD? tJ'Dvkd <uif;usefaewJh Oyg'g½kyfawGukd odrf;qnf;ykHuawmh q&morm; ESifhom pepfwus csOf;uyfavhvmayawmh/
tJ'Dawmh Oyg'g½kyfu (24)rsKd;&Sdygw,f? ½kyfwkdYrnfonf uvmyf ac:wJh trIefuav;awGtaeeJYjzpfawmh trIefwkdif; trIefwkdif;rSm "mwf av;yg;ukd OD;aqmifNyD;awmh tqif;ç teHYç t&omç MoZm tp&SdwJh Oyg'g½kyfawGukd qufvufNyD; odrf;qnf;&w,f/ tJ'D ½kyfw&m;awGukd odrf;qnf;wJhvkyfief; atmifjrifNyD qkdvkdY&Sd&ifawmh emrfw&m;awGukd qufvufNyD; odrf;qnf;Ekdifygw,f/

emrfw&m;rsm;ukd odrf;qnf;ykH

tJ'Demrfw&m;awGukd odrf;qnf;wJhtykdif;rSm zóupNyD; odrf; qnf;wJhenf;ç a0'emupNyD; odrf;qnf;wJhenf;ç todpdwf 0dnmPfu pNyD; odrf;qnf;wJhenf;qkdNyD;awmh ½kd;½kd; ok'¨0dyóem,meduyk*¾dKvfawG twGuf ñTefMum;xm;wm&Sdw,f? 'gayrJh orx,meduyk*¾dKvf jzpfcJh &ifvnf; umrm0p&emrfw&m;awGukd odrf;qnf;wJhae&mrSm 'DpepfokH;ck twkdif;yJ odrf;qnf;&ygw,f/
orx,meduyk*¾dKvfuawmh psmefemrfw&m;uae podrf;qnf;vkd &if odrf;qnf;vkdY&w,f/ psmefemrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;wJhtykdif;rSm ckeu 0dwufç 0dpm&ç yDwdç okcç {u*¾wm ac:wJh psmeft*FgawGukd rdrdu orxykdif;rSmuwnf;u ½IwwfcJhNyD; jzpfwJhtwGuf emrfur®|mef; ykdif; ul;NyDqkdvkdY&Sd&ifvnf; tJ'Dpsmeft*FgawGuae pNyD;awmh psmef emrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;&ygw,f/
odrf;qnf;wJhtcgrSm ckvkd tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfukd tm½kH,lNyD; jzpfay:aewJh yxrpsmefemrfw&m;qkd&if (34)vkH;txd &Sdygw,f/ tJ'D emrfw&m;awGukdvnf; pepfwus q&morm;ESifh csOf;uyfavhvm&yg w,f? odrf;qnf;&ygw,f/ 'Gg& (6)yg;vkH;rSm jzpfay:aeMuwJh emrfw&m; tm;vkH;udk odrf;qnf;&ygw,f/
tJ'D½kyfawG emrfawGukd odrf;qnf;NyD;wJh tcsdeftcg ½kyfw&m; emrfw&m;qkdNyD; ½kyf-emrf cJG&w,f? ½kyfemrfukd yl;wJGodrf;qnf;&w,f/ ½lyg½lyy&d*¾[vkyfief;&yfjzpfw,f/ emrfESifh ½kyfukd ykdif;jcm;,lwJh emr½lyy&dapä'ÓPfyJ/ wpfcg 'D½kyfemrfuvJG&if a,mufsm; rdef;r yk*¾dKvf owå0g vl ewf jA[®m -- r&Sdbl;? toufaumif vdyfjymaumif 0dnmPfaumif twåaumif r&Sdbl;? ½kyfw&m;tpktykH emrfw&m;tpk tykHyJ &Sdw,fqkdwmukd ÓPfESifh jrifatmif MunfhNyD; ]]yk*¾dKvf owå0g ZD0 twå r&Sd? ½kyfemrfrQom &Sdw,f}}qkdNyD; ½kyfemrfukd ykdif;jcm;rSwfom; &ygw,f? emr½ly00w¬mevkyfief;vkdY ac:qkdw,f/
tJ'Dvkd tZÑwårSm ½kyfodrf;qnf;jcif;ç emrfodrf;qnf;jcif;ç ½kyfemrf odrf;qnf;jcif;ç ½kyfemrfydkif;jcm;rSwfom;jcif;qkdwJh 'Dvkyfief;&yfav;ckukd jyKvkyfNyD;wJhtcsdeftcgusawmh xkda,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu A[d'¨ukd ajymif;NyD; awmh tvm;wlyJ ½kyfodrf;qnf;jcif;ç emrfodrf;qnf;jcif;ç ½kyfemrf odrf; qnf;jcif;ç ½kyfemrfydkif;jcm;rSwfom;jcif;qkdwJh 'Dvkyfief;cGifav;ckukd wpf qifhwufNyD; jyKvkyf&ygw,f/ tJ'Dvkyfief;cGifukd bk&m;&Sifu 'Dtmemyge yAÁtykdif;rSm b,fvkda[mawmfrlovJ¿

tZÑwå ESifh A[d'¨

£wd tZÑwåH 0g uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd? A[d'¨g 0g uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd? tZÑwåA[d'¨g 0g uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd/ (r-1-71/)
'Dvkd a[mxm;w,f? tZÑwårSmvnf; ½lyum,ç emrum, (y#doH-181/) wpfenf;tm;jzifh - tómo-yómoum,ç ½lyum,ç emr um,qkdwJh ½kyfw&m; emrfw&m;awGukd (r[m#D-1-320/) odrf;qnf;zkdY? A[d'¨rSm vnf; ½kyfw&m; emrfw&m;awGukd odrf;qnf;zkdY bk&m;&Sifu ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlw,f/ tJ'D ½kyfemrfawGukd tZÑwå A[d'¨ ESpfXmerSm wjznf;jznf; csJUxGifNyD; (31)bkHukefatmif odrf;qnf;wwfNyDqdk&if xkd a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu aU&Swpfqifh wufNyD; bmvkyf&rvJ¿
ork',ç 0,ç ork',0,
ork',"r®mEkyóD 0g um,o®ð 0d[&wd? 0,"r®mEkyóD 0g um,o®ð 0d[&wd? ork',0,"r®mEkyóD 0g um,o®ð 0d[&wd/
(r-1-71/)
um,o®ð = um,ü/ 0g? ½lyum, emrum,ü (y#doH-181) / wpfenf; - um,o®ð = tómo-yómoum,ç u&Zum, (= ½ly um,)ç emrum,ü (r[m#D-1-320) / ork',"r®mEkyóD 0g = ork',"r®udk tzefzef txyfxyf ½Iavh&Sdonfjzpfírlvnf;/ 0d[&wd = aeav\/
um,o®ð = um,ü/ 0g? ½lyum, emrum,ü (y#doH-181) / wpfenf; - um,o®ð = tómo-yómoum,ç u&Zum, (= ½ly um,)ç emrum,ü (r[m#D-1-320) / 0,"r®mEkyóD 0g = 0,"r®udk tzefzef txyfxyf ½Iavh&Sdonfjzpfírlvnf;/ 0d[&wd = aeav\/
um,o®ð = um,ü/ 0g/ ½lyum,ç emrum,ü (y#doH-181) / wpfenf; - um,o®ð = tómo-yómoum,ç u&Zum, (= ½ly um,)ç emrum,ü (r[m#D-1-320) / ork',0,"r®mEkyóD 0g = ork',"r®ESifh 0,"r®udk tzefzef txyfxyf ½Iavh&Sdonfjzpfí rlvnf;/ 0d[&wd = aeav\/
'Dae&mrSm ork',"r®ESifh 0,"r®udk t|uxmrsm;u y#dorÇd'gr*¾ ygVdawmfBuD;udk &nfñTef;um 'Dvdk zGifhqkdxm;Muw,f/ --
ork',"r®mEkyóD 0gwdtm'Dok ye ]]t0dZÆmork',m ½lyork'a,mwd}}tm'dem ea,e yÍö[muma&[d ½lyu©E¨ó ork'a,m p 0a,m p eD[&dwaAÁm/ wO§d oE¨m, £" ]]ork',"r®mEkyóD 0g}}wdtm'd 0kwåH/ ('D-|-2-358/ r-|-1-357/)
'Dt|uxmrsm;u y#dorÇd'gr*¾ygVdawmf pmrsufESm (53)rSm vm &SdwJh O',AÁ,ÓPf tus,f½IyGm;enf;rsm;udk &nfñTef;um zGifhqdkawmf rlMujcif; jzpfMuw,f/
'Dtykdif;udk 0dok'¨dr*¾t|uxmu (0dok'¨d-2-267/) --
1/ ypö,awm O',AÁ,
2/ cPawm O',AÁ, --
qkdNyD; ESpfrsKd; zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/ ykdrdkNyD;awmh oabmaygufatmif y#dorÇd'gr*¾ygVdawmfrSmvm&SdwJh ½lyu©E¨mü O',ESifh 0,½IykH ygVdawmfudk ykHpHxkwfum em,lMunfhMu&atmif .../
½lyu©E¨ó O',H yóaEÅm uwrmed yÍö vu©Pmed yówd¿
1/ t0dZÆmork',m ½lyork'a,mwd ypö,ork',a|e ½lyu©E¨ó O',H yówd/
2/ wPSmork',m ½lyork'a,mwd ypö,ork',a|e ½lyu©E¨ó O',H yówd/
3/ ur®ork',m ½lyork'a,mwd ypö,ork',a|e ½lyu©E¨ó O',H yówd/
4/ tm[m&ork',m ½lyork'a,mwd ypö,ork',a|e ½lyu©E¨ó O',H yówd/
5/ edAÁwådvu©PH yóaEÅmyd ½lyu©E¨ó O',H yówd/
½lyu©E¨ó O',H yóaEÅm £rmed yÍö vu©Pmed yówd/
(y#doH-53/)
'DygVdawmf&JU qdkvkd&if;udk ajymMu&atmif .../
½lyu©E¨m&JU jzpfjcif; (= O',) udk ½IwJhol[m tb,fig;yg;aom vu©PmwdkYudk ½IjrifovJ¿
1/ t0dZÆmjzpfjcif;aMumifh ½kyfjzpf\/
2/ wPSmjzpfjcif;aMumifh ½kyfjzpf\/
3/ uHjzpfjcif;aMumifh ½kyfjzpf\/
4/ tm[m&jzpfjcif;aMumifh ½kyfjzpf\/
'Dvdk taMumif;w&m;wkdY&JU xif&Sm;jzpfjcif;qdkwJh teufoabm aMumifh tusKd;½kyfw&m;&JU jzpfykHudk ½Iw,f/ 'Dvkd½IuGufudkawmh ypö,awm O','óe (= taMumif;w&m;tm;jzifh tjzpfudk ½Ijcif;)vdkY 0dok'¨dr*¾ t|uxmu zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/ (0dok'¨d-2-267/)
'DavmufwGif ruao;bl; --
5/ 'D½kyfw&m;&JU jzpfjcif; edAÁwådvu©Pmudkvnf; jrifatmif ½I&r,fvdkY ñTefMum;awmfrljyefw,f/ 'D½kyfw&m;&JU jzpfjcif; edAÁwådvu©Pmudk ½IIjcif;udkawmh cPawm O','óe (= cPtm;jzifh tjzpfudk ½Ijcif;)vdkY 0dok'¨dr*¾t|uxmu zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/(0dok'¨d-2-267/)
a0'emu©E¨mpwJh emrfcE¨mav;yg;udkvnf; ykHpHwl a[mMum;xm; awmfrlygw,f/
'Dae&mrSm t0dZÆmESifh wPSmudk ,lvdkufvQif ,if;t0dZÆm wPSm wdkYESifh udavo0#fcsif; wlnDaewJh Oyg'gefudkvnf; xnfhoGif; ,l&yg w,f/ wpfzef uHudk ,lvkdufvQif ,if;uHESifh ur®0#fcsif; wlnDaewJh ocFg&udkvnf; xnfhoGif;,l&ygw,f/ aygif;vkdufawmh t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHqdkwJh taMumif;w&m;ig;ck jzpfygw,f/
wpfzef tm[m&jzpfjcif;aMumifh ½kyfjzpfykHudk ½I&ef ñTefMum;xm;awmf rljyefw,f/ y0wådypö,ac:wJh ypöKyÜeftaMumif;w&m;awGxJrSm tm[m& qdkwJh taMumif;w&m;u tvGeftm;aumif;wJhtwGuf tm[m&udk a&G;xkwfum a[mMum;awmfrljcif; jzpfygw,f/ (r[m#D-2-421/)
tm[m&udk,lNyD; a[mawmfrlvdkufvQif y0wådtaMumif; (= ypöKyÜef taMumif;) csif; wlnDaewJh pdwfqdkwJh taMumif;w&m;ç OwkqdkwJh taMumif;w&m;awGudkvnf; xnfhoGif;,loifhaMumif;udk #Dumq&m awmfrsm;u zGifhqdkxm;awmfrlMuygw,f/ (r[m#D-2-421/)
'gaMumifh a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu --
1/ pdwfjzpfjcif;aMumifh pdwåZ½kyfjzpfykH
2/ Owkjzpfjcif;aMumifh OwkZ½kyfjzpfykH
3/ tm[m&jzpfjcif;aMumifh tm[m&Z½kyfjzpfykH --
awGudkvnf; qufvuf½I&rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHwdkY&JUtaMumif;ukd enf;enf;awmh xyfajym csifao;w,f/ a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfwdkY&JU vuf&SdcE¨mig;yg;udk jzpfapwJh taMumif; &if;jzpfwJh t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHawG[m b,fwkef;u jzpfcJhwJh w&m;awGvJvdkYawmh ar;p&m&Sdw,f/ y#dorÇd'gr*¾ygVdawmfBuD;uawmh 'Dvdk a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ --
1/ yk&drur®b0o®ð arma[m t0dZÆm?
2/ tm,l[em ocFg&m?
3/ eduEÅd wPSm?
4/ Oy*reH Oyg'geH?
5/ apwem ba0gwd
£ar yÍö "r®m yk&drur®b0o®ð £" y#doE¨d,m ypö,m/
(y#doH-50/)
ww¬ yk&drur®b0o®dEÅd yk&dar ur®ba0? twDwZmwd,H ur®ba0 ud&d,rmaewd taw¬m/ (0dok'¨d-2-214/)
'DygVdawmfESifh t|uxmtzGifhwdkY&JU qdkvdk&if;oabmudk ajymMu &atmif .../
a&S;twdwfb00,f .. ur®b0 trnf&wJh ,ckb0 vlYjynf vlUavmuodkY a&mufaMumif;jzpfwJh uHudk jyKpkysKd;axmifchJpOfu --
1/ opömav;yg; trSefw&m;udk rodbJç a,mufsm; rdef;r yk*¾dKvf owå0g ponfjzifh todrSm;rIoabmu t0dZÆm?
2/ xdkxdka,mufsm;b0 odkYr[kwf rdef;rb0odkY a&mufaMumif;jzpfwJh uHudk jyKpkysKd;axmifjcif;oabmu ocFg&?
3/ xdkxdka,mufsm;b0 odkYr[kwf rdef;rb0udk wG,fwmwyfrufjcif; oabmu wPSm?
4/ xdkxdka,mufsm;b0 odkYr[kwf rdef;rb0odkY pdwfuyfa&mufpGJae jcif;oabmu Oyg'gef?
5/ ocFg&udk jyKpkysKd;axmifpOfu jzpfcJhaom xdkxdk ukodkvfapwem odkYr[kwf tukodkvfapwemu ur®b0? wpfenf; - xdkxdkapwem OD;aqmifaewJh ocFg&w&m;pkwdkY&JU xdkxdkb0udk jzpfapEdkifwJh pGrf;tif ur®owådu ur®b0 (= uH) jzpfMuw,f/
'DtaMumif;w&m;ig;yg;wdkY[m vuf&SdypöKyÜefb0 y#doaE¨cE¨m ig;yg;wdkY&JU taMumif;w&m;rsm; jzpfMuw,f/ (y#doH-50/)
'Dae&mrSm ocFg&ESifh ur®b0 (= uH)wkdY&JUtxl;udk t|uxmBuD; rsm;u 'geukodkvfwpfckudk ykHpHxm;NyD;awmh t"dyÜg,f zGifhqdkxm;Muw,f/b,fvdkvJ¿ --
'geuHwpfckudk jyKpkysKd;axmifawmhr,f qdkMupdkY? 'gejyKawmhr,f qdkwJh pdwfudk jzpfay:apNyD;aemuf wu,fvSLawmhr,fvdkY pdwfudk qkH; jzwfcsufcsNyD;aemuf wpfvywfvkH;aomfvnf;aumif; wpfESpfywfvkH; aomfvnf;aumif; 'ge&JU taqmuftODjzpfwJh vSLzG,f0w¬Ktpkpk ponf wdkYudk pDpOfaewJh tvSL&Sif&JUoEÅmefrSm jzpfay:aeMuwJh rvSLrD a&S;tzdkYü jzpfay:aeMuwJh ykAÁapwem (= yk&drapwem)awGudkawmh ocFg&vdkY ac:qdkw,f/ tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfwdkY&JU vuf0,f vSLzG,f0w¬Kudk wnfapwJh ay;vSLaeqJ ukodkvfapwemawGudkawmh ur®b0vdkY ac:qdkw,f/
aemufwpfenf; zGifhqdkxm;wmuawmh rvSLrDç vSLqJç vSLNyD; umvwdkYrSm ukodkvfaZm0Dxd pdwftpOfawG tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGm jzpfay: oGm;Muygw,f/ tJ'DaZm0Dxdaygif;rsm;pGmxJrSm aZm0Dxd wpfckwpfckrSm aZm (7)BudrfpD a,bk,stm;jzifh apmMuygw,f/ txl;ojzifh b0wpfck udk jzpfapEkdifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdwJh raem'Gg&du aZm0DxdpdwftpOfawGudk &nfñTef;xm;ygw,f/ tJ'DaZm (7)wefwdkYteuf a&S;aZm (6)wefwdkYrSm &SdwJh apwemu uHudk jyKpkysKd;axmifaMumif;jzpfwJh ocFg& jzpfw,f/ owåraZmapwemuawmh ur®b0 (= uH) jzpfygw,f/
wpfenf;ajym&vQifawmh uHudk jyKpkysKd;axmifpOftcgrSm txl; ojzifh 'gewpfckudk 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omESifh uH-uH&JUtusKd;udk wwfod em;vnfaewJh ur®óuwm or®m'd|dÓPf jy"mef;NyD; jyKpkysKd;axmif cJhwJhtcgrSm xkdxkdaZmpdwåu©Pwdkif;rSm ,SOfzuf pdwfapwodufawG (34)vkH;cefY ,SOfwJGNyD; jzpfMuygw,f/ zó a0'empwJh tnormef; apwoduf (13)vkH;? o'¨g owdpwJh aombPom"m&P apwoduf (19)vkH;? ynda`E´ apwoduf (1)vkH;? todpdwf (1)vkH; - aygif; (34) vkH;wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/
tJ'Dw&m;pkawGxJu apwemu ur®b0ç xdkapwemESifh ,SOfzuf pdwf-apwoduf (33)vkH;wdkYu ocFg& jzpfMuygw,f/
'D&Sif;vif;csufuawmh oar®m[0daem'eDt|uxm pmrsufESm (182-183)ç 0dok'¨dr*¾t|uxm 'kwd,wGJ pmrsufESm (214-215) wdkYü vm&SdwJh &Sif;vif;csuf jzpfygw,f/ odkYaomf y|mef;a'oemawmf ur®ypönf;ykdif;rSmawmh twdwfb0wpfckcku jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh odkYr[kwf ypöKyÜefrSm jyKpkysKd;axmifvdkufwJh odkYr[kwf tem*wfrSm jyKpkysKd;axmif vwåHUjzpfwJh xdkxdk ukodkvfpdwfapwoduf tukodkvfpdwfapwoduf w&m;awGu ocFg&jzpfw,f/ xdkocFg&w&m;awG csKyfysufoGm;wJhtcg xdkxdkb0udk jzpfapEdkifwJh pGrf;tifur®owådudk ½kyfemrftpOfrSm jr§KyfESHNyD;rS csKyfysufoGm;Muw,f? tJ'DpGrf;tif ur®owådudkawmh uHvdkY ac:qkdyg w,f/
'Dae&mrSm ajymvdk&if;uawmh vuf&Sdb0 y#doaE¨cE¨mig;yg; tp &SdwJh 0dygu0#f ½kyfemrfawGudk jzpfay:apwwfwJh pGrf;tif&SdwJh t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHqdkwJh taMumif;w&m;awG[m twdwfb0 wpfckcku jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh w&m;awGom jzpfMuw,fqdkwJh tcsuf ygyJ/

ememu©Pduur®owåd

'Dtcsufudk cdkifvkHatmif y|mef;a'oemawmfrSm vm&SdwJh ur®ypönf;taMumif;udk enf;enf;xyfajymr,f/ txl;ojzifh ememu©Pdu ur®ypönf;taMumif;w&m;taMumif;udk xyfajymOD;r,f .../
ur®ypöa,mwd ukovmukovH ur®H 0dygumeH cE¨meH u#wåm p ½lygeH ur®ypöa,e ypöa,m/ (y|me-1-7/)
ur®ypönf;taMumif;w&m;qdkwmu ukokdvfuH tukokdvfuH[m tusKd;0dygufemrfcE¨mwdkYudkvnf;aumif;ç u#wåm½kyf (= ur®Z½kyf)wdkYudk vnf;aumif; ur®ypö,owådjzifh jzpfay:vmatmif aus;Zl;jyKay;w,f/ b,fvdk ur®ypö,owådu aus;Zl;jyKay;ovJ¿ t|uxmu 'Dvdk zGifhqdk xm;w,f/
ur®ypöa,emwd taeumerÜd uyÜaum#DeH rw¬au twåaem zvH OyÜga'wHk oraw¬e ememu©Pduur®ypöa,emwd taw¬m/ ukovmukovO§d ur®H twåaem y0wådu©aP zvH e a'wd/ ,'d 'a',s? ,H rEkaóm a'0avmuly*H ukovur®H ua&mwd? wómEkbma0e wo®ða,0 caP a'a0g ba0,s/ ,o®ð ye caP wH uwH? wawm tno®ð caP t0dZÆrmerÜd au0vH u#wåma,0 'da|0 "ar® OyyaZÆ 0g tya& 0g y&d,ma, t0aooypö,orma,ma* owd zvH OyÜga'wd ed½k'¨gyd yk&drodyÜg'dud&d,m 0d, umvEÅa& ypädrodyÜg'dud&d,m,/ wo®m ememu©Pduur®ypöa,mwd 0kpöwd/
(tbd-|-3-374/)
'Dt|uxmtzGifh&JU qdkvkd&if;udk ajymMu&atmif .../
'Dae&mrSm qdkvdkwJh ur®ypönf; taMumif;w&m;qdkwmuawmh twdwfb0xdkxdku jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh uHw&m;udk qdkvdkygw,f/
'DuH[m vGefcJhwJh twdwfb0u jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh uHvnf; jzpf Edkifw,f? urÇmaygif;rsm;pGmu jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh xlaxmifcJhwJhuHvnf; jzpfEdkifw,f? urÇmaygif;uka#txufu jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJhuHvnf; jzpfEdkifw,f/ tJ'DuHrSm rdrd&JUtusKd;udk jzpfapEdkifwJh pGrf;tifur®owåd qdkwm&Sdw,f/ uHudk jyKpkysKd;axmifpOftcsdefumvESifh uH&JUtusKd;0dyguf wdkY jzpfay:vmwJh tcsdefumv[m rwl xl;jcm;um uJGjym;aeMuw,f/ 'Dvdk taMumif;uHESifh tusKd;0dygufw&m;wdkY&JU rwl xl;jcm; uJGjym;wJh umv&SdwJh taMumif;w&m;udk ememu©Pduur®ypönf;taMumif;w&m; vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

taMumif;jycsuf

ukokdvfuH tukokdvfuHqkdwm rdrd&JU Oyg'f-XD-biftm;jzifh jzpf ay:aeqJcPrSm tusKd;0dygufudk jzpfapEdkifwJh pGrf;tm; r&Sdao;ygbl;/ ukokdvfuH tukokdvfuH[m rdrd&JU jzpfqJcPrSmyJ tu,fí tusKd; ay;r,fqkdvQif - vlom;wpfOD;[m ewfjynfokdY a&mufaMumif;jzpfwJh ukokdvfuHwpfckukd jyKpkysKd;axmifr,fqkdvQif - 'DuH&JUtmEkabmfaMumifh 'DuHukd jyKpkysKd;axmifaeqJcPrSmyJ ewfom;jzpfav&mw,f? okdYaomf jzpfaumjzpfovm;¿ rjzpfygbl;/
wu,fwrf;ajymMupdkYqdkvQif - uHwpfckukd jyKpkysKd;axmifw,f qdkMupdkY? tJ'DuHukd jyKpkysKd;axmifqJcPrS tjcm;wpfyg;aom cPrSmom 'DuHu Oyg'f-XD-biftm;jzifh xif&Sm; r&Sdaomfvnf; oufouf uHukd jyKpkysKd;axmifNyD;wJhtwGufaMumifh ...
1/ tJ'DuHu 'd|"r®a0'eD,uH jzpfr,fqdkvQif rsufarSmufb0rSm tusKd;ay;r,f/
2/ tJ'DuHu OyyZÆa0'eD,uH jzpfr,fqdkvQif vmrnfhtem*wfb0 (= 'kwd,b0)rSm tusKd;ay;r,f/
3/ tJ'DuHu ty&my&d,a0'eD,uH jzpfr,fqdkvQif wwd,tem*wf b0u pNyD; tqufquf a&mufxkdufaom tem*wfb0rSm tusKd;ay;r,f/
'DvdktusKd;ay;wJhtcgrSmvnf; ukokdvfuH jzpfr,fqdkvQif --
1/ *wdorÜwåd = vlYjynf ewfjynfpwJh aumif;aom*wdESifh jynfhpkHjcif;
2/ Oy"dorÜwåd = Oy"d½kyftqif;ESifh jynfhpkHjcif;
3/ umvorÜwåd = olawmfoljrwfç rif;aumif;rif;jrwfwdkY ay:xGef;&m tcsdefumvaumif;ESifh jynfhpkHjcif;
4/ ya,m*orÜwåd = r*¾if&Spfyg;usifhpOfw&m;pwJh ukodkvfw&m;awGudk tm;xkwfjcif;ya,m*ESifh jynfhpkHjcif; --
qdkwJh 'DorÜwådpuf av;yg;wdkYudk trSD&wJhtcgrSm 'DukokdvfuHu tusKd;ay;wwfygw,f/
tvm;wlyJ tukokdvfuH jzpfr,fqdkvQif --
1/ *wd0dywåd = tyg,fav;bkHpwJh raumif;wJh*wdESifh jynfhpkHjcif;
2/ Oy"d0dywåd = Oy"d½kyftqif;ESifh rjynfhpkHjcif; t*Fgajcvuf csKdUwJhjcif;
3/ umv0dywåd = olawmfoljrwf rif;aumif;rif;jrwfwdkY ay:xGef;&m tcg r[kwfjcif;
4/ ya,m*0dywåd = r*¾if&Spfyg;uJhodkYaom txufwef;uswJh ukodkvf w&m;awGudk rjznfhusifhbJ rolawmfw&m; 'kp½kdufw&m;awGudk vufoGufoGufESifh usL;vGefaejcif; --
qdkwJh 'D0dywådpuf av;yg;wdkYudk taxmuftyhH &wJhtcgrSm 'D tukokdvfuHu tusKd;0dygufudk jzpfapygw,f/
'Dae&mrSm taMumif;uHESifh tusKd;0dygufwkdY[m rwl xl;jcm; uGJjym; wJh tcsdefumvcP &Sdaeygw,f/ Oyrm vufrItwwfynmwpfckudk oif,lw,fqdkMupdkY? a&S;a&S;oif,lxm;wJh twwfoif,lrI[m aemuf aemuftwwfoif,lrItm; tajccHtaMumif;taxmuftyHhtjzpf aus;Zl;jyK&mrSm umvcsif; rwlbJ umvwpfyg;odkY a&mufrS aus;Zl;jyK w,f/ enf;enf;&Sif;atmifawmh xyfajymOD;r,f? uGefjyLwmvdk twwf ynmwpfckudk oif,lw,fqdkvQif - &ufaygif;rsm;pGm vaygif;rsm;pGm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm avhusifhr,fqdkvQif - wpfpxuf wpfp wpfaeYxuf wpfaeY ydkydkNyD;awmh uRrf;usifvmw,f? a&S;a&S;oif,lrIu aemufaemuf oif,lrIudk tqifhjrifhatmif uRrf;usifatmif aus;Zl;jyKay;aew,f/
'DykHpHtwdkif;yJ uHqdkwJh apwem[mvnf; uHudk jyKpkysKd;axmif&m cPrSm tusKd;w&m;udk jzpfay:vmatmif aus;Zl;rjyKbJ aemufaemuf aom cPodkY a&mufygrSomvQif wpfenf;ajym&vQifawmh &ifhusuf vmygrSomvQif tusKd;w&m;udk jzpfay:vmatmif aus;Zl;jyKay;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'DuHudk 'Dapwemudk ememu©Pdu - tusKd;jzpfay:vm&m cPrS rwluGJjym;wJh cPjzpfwJh apwemvdkY ac:qdk&w,f/
'Dawmh tusKd;w&m;jzpfay:vmwJhtcsdeftcgrSm 'Dukodkvfapwem uH odkYr[kwf tukodkvfapwemuH[m Oyg'f-XD-biftm;jzifhawmh xif&Sm;r&Sdawmhbl;/ Oyg'f-XD-biftm;jzifh xif&Sm;r&SdayrJhvdkY tusKd;udk jzpfapEdkifwJh pGrf;tifur®owåduawmh uHudk jyKpkysKd;axmifvdkufwJh ½kyfemrfoEÅmeftpOfrSm udef;0yfvsufyJ &Sdygw,f/ tJ'DpGrf;tifur®owåd udkyJ uHvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/
ocFg& uHwdkYvdkyJ t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gefwdkYudkvnf; ykHpHwlyJ oabm aygufyg/ tusKd;w&m;awG jzpfay:vmwJhtcsdefrSm 'Dt0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gefawG[mvnf; Oyg'f-XD-biftm;jzifhawmh r&SdMuawmhygbl;/ odkYaomf 'DocFg& uHawGu tusKd;ay;Edkifatmif ocFg& uHawGudk tm;ay; axmufyHhEdkifwJh pGrf;tifowåduawmh wnf&Sdaeygw,f/
aygif;vkdufvQifawmh taMumif;w&m;ydkif;rSm t0dZÆmç wPSmç Oyg'gefç ocFg&ç uHqdkNyD; taMumif;w&m;ig;ck jzpfygw,f/ twdwf taMumif;w&m; ypöKyÜeftaMumif;w&m; tem*wftaMumif;w&m;awG udk ykHpHwl oabmaygufyg/
'Dt0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gefawG[mvnf; emrfy&rwfw&m;wdkY&JU "r® wmtwdkif; tkyfpktvdkufom jzpfMuygw,f? aomreóa0'emESifh ,SOfwJGjzpfwJh aomreóo[*kwf 'd|d*worÜ,kwfpdwf jzpfr,fqdkvQif zó a0'empwJh tnormef;apwoduf (13)vkH;ESifh arm[ t[d&du taemwåyÜ O'¨pö avmb 'd|dqdkwJh tukodkvfapwoduf (6)vkH;? tod pdwf (1)vkH;? aygif; tvkH; (20)tkyfpktaeESifh jzpfMuygw,f/
tJ'Demrfw&m;tvkH; (20)xJrSm --
1/ a0'emu a0'emu©E¨m
2/ onmu onmu©E¨m
3/ usefapwoduf (17)vkH;u ocFg&u©E¨m
4/ todpdwfu 0dnmPu©E¨m --
aygif;vdkufawmh emrfcE¨mav;yg; jzpfygw,f/
'DemrfcE¨mav;yg;uvnf; twdwfrSmjzpfcJhwJh qdkif&m [',0w¬K ½kyfudk rSDwG,fNyD;awmh jzpfcJh&wJhtwGuf ESvkH;tdrftwGif;rSm wnf&SdwJh [',0w¬KESifhwuGaom [','ouuvmyfpwJh ½kyfw&m;pkawGu ½lyu©E¨m jzpfMuygw,f/
tm;vkH;aygif;vdkufawmh cE¨mig;yg; jzpfygw,f/ tvm;wlyJ ocFg&- uHawGuvnf; txufuajymcJhovdk emrfw&m; (34)vkH; jzpfcJhr,f qdkvQif ,if;emrfw&m;pkawGxJu --
1/ a0'emu a0'emu©E¨m
2/ onmu onmu©E¨m
3/ usefapwoduf (31)vkH;u ocFg&u©E¨m
4/ todpdwfu 0dnmPu©E¨m --
jzpfMuygw,f/
'Demrfw&m;awG[mvnf; twdwfu qdkif&m[',0w¬K½kyfudk rSDwG,fNyD;awmhrS jzpfcJh&wJhtwGuf [',0w¬KESifhwuGaom rSD&m½kyf awGu ½lyu©E¨m jzpfMuygw,f/ tm;vkH;aygif;vdkufawmh cE¨mig;yg;yJ jzpfMuygw,f/
ckajymcJhwJh t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'geftkyfpkESifh rSD&m0w¬K½kyfqdkwJh cE¨m ig;yg;ç ocFg& uHtkyfpkESifh rSD&m0w¬K½kyfqdkwJh cE¨mig;yg; - 'DcE¨mig;yg; awG[m twdwfb0cE¨mig;yg;awGxJrSm tusKH;0ifaewJh twdwfcE¨m ig;yg;wdkY&JU tpdwftykdif; wpfpdwfwpfa'o jzpfwJh cE¨mig;yg;wkdYom jzpfMuygw,f/
'gaMumifh 'D*'´KvA'¨okwåefrSm bk&m;&Sifu --
,H udÍöd ½lyH twDwmem*wypöKyÜEéH ...
ponfjzifh twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜefcE¨mig;yg;wdkYudk 0dyóem½I&ef ñTefMum;awmfrlwJhtydkif;rSm a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu ckajymcJhwJh udavo0#f ur®0#fwdkYESifh qufEG,faewJh cE¨mig;yg;wdkYudkyg xnfhoGif;um 0dyóem ½IoGm;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'Dudavo0#f ur®0#fcE¨mawG[m ypöKyÜef 0dygu0#fcE¨mwdkY&JU taMumif;w&m;awG taMumif;cE¨mawG jzpfMu ygw,f/
ckypöKyÜefb0rSm a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu bk&m;½kyfyGm;awmfwpfql&JU a&SU arSmufrSm yef; qDrD;awGudk vSL'gef;NyD;awmh aemiftem*wfumvrSm "r®uxduewfom;jzpf&ef qkwmif;yefxGmw,f qdkMuygpdkY/
"r®uxduewfom;vdkY todrSm;rI t0dZÆmç "r®uxduewfom;b0 udk wG,fwmwyfrufrI wPSmç "r®uxduewfom;b0udk pdwfuyfpJGvrf; rI Oyg'gefqdkwJh udavo0#fcE¨mawGESifh yef; qDrD; vSL'gef; ylaZmfjcif;qdkwJh ocFg& uHtkyfpk ur®0#fcE¨mawG jzpfoGm;Muw,f/ 'Dudavo0#f ur®0#f cE¨mawG[m xkda,m*Dyk*¾dKvf&JU vuf&Sd ypöKyÜefcE¨mawGxJrSm tusKH; 0ifaewJh aemiftem*wf 0dygu0#fcE¨mawG &&Sda&;twGuf jyKpkysKd;axmif aewJh cE¨mawGjzpfMuovdkç ypöKyÜefcE¨mwdkY&JUtpdwftykdif; taMumif;cE¨m awGom jzpfMuovdk twdwfb0u jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh udavo0#f ur®0#fcE¨mawGudkvnf; oabmaygufzkdY vdkygw,f/
qdkvdkwmuawmh twdwfcE¨mawGudk 0dyóem ½IwJhtydkif;rSm twdwfu jzpfcJhwJh 0dygu0#fcE¨mawGESifhwuG ,ckajymaewJh 'Dtwdwfu jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh udavo0#f ur®0#fcE¨mawGudkyg xnfhoGif;NyD;awmh 0dyóem ½I&r,fqdkwJh tcsufudk qdkvdk&if; jzpfygw,f/
twDaw a[wa0g yÍö? £'ged zvyÍöuH/
£'ged a[wa0g yÍö? tm,wð zvyÍöuH/
(tbd-|-2-182/ 0dok'¨d-2-214/)
qdkwJh t|uxmBuD;rsm;&JU y#dorÇd'gr*¾ygVdawmf pwJh ygVdawmfBuD; rsm;ESifhtnD ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlwJhtwdkif; a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu 'D ork',"r®mEkyóDydkif;rSm --
1/ t0dZÆmç wPSmç Oyg'gefç ocFg&ç uHqdkwJh twdwftaMumif;w&m; ig;yg; ork',opömw&m;aMumifh ypöKyÜefwGif 0dnmPf emrf½kyf oVm,we zó a0'emqdkwJh tusKd;cE¨mig;yg; 'ku©opömw&m; awG xif&Sm;jzpfykHudkvnf;aumif;ç
2/ ypöKyÜef,ckvuf&Sdb0wGif jyKpkysKd;axmifvdkufwJh t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uH qdkwJh ypöKyÜeftaMumif;w&m;ig;yg; ork', opömw&m;aMumifh 0dnmPf emrf½kyf oVm,we zó a0'em qdkwJh tem*wfcE¨mig;yg; tusKd;'ku©opömw&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfykH udkvnf;aumif;ç
3/ tusKd;cE¨mwdkY&JU jzpfrI O',udkvnf;aumif;ç wpfenf;ajym&vQif taMumif;cE¨m tusKd;cE¨mwdkY&JU jzpfrI O',udkvnf;aumif; jrifatmif ½I&rSm jzpfygw,f/
oyÜpö,emr½ly0aoe wdvu©PH tma&maywGm 0dyóemy#dyg#d,m ]]tedpöH 'ku©H tewåm}}wd or®oaEÅm 0dp&wd/ (r-|-1-281/)
'Dt|uxmBuD;rsm;&JU ñTefMum;csuftwdkif; taMumif;w&m;ESifh wuGaom ½kyfemrfcE¨mawGudk vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wifum 0dyóem ½IyGm;okH;oyf&rSm jzpfygw,f/
'gaMumifh 'Dork',"r®mEkyóDykdif;rSm bk&m;&Sifu --
1/ taMumif;w&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;wwfwJh ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPfç
2/ taMumif;w&m;ESifhwuGaom ½kyfemrfcE¨mawGudk vu©Pma&; okH;wefwifum ½IyGm;okH;oyfwwfwJh or®oeÓPfç
3/ (u) taMumif;w&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh tusKd;cE¨mawG xif&Sm;jzpfykHç taMumif;cE¨mawG csKyfNidrf;jcif;aMumifh tusKd; cE¨mawG csKyfNidrf;ykHqkdwJh ypö,awm O',AÁ,'óeÓPfç
( c ) taMumif;w&m;ESifhwuGaom ½kyfemrfcE¨mwkdY&JUç wpfenf;ajym &vQifawmh taMumif;cE¨m tusKd;cE¨mwdkY&JU cPrpJ woJoJ jzpfrI ysufrIudk ½IjrifwwfwJh cPawm O',AÁ,'óeÓPf
'D0dyóemÓPfokH;rsKd;udk pkaygif;NyD;awmh a[mMum;xm;awmfrl w,fvdkY rSwfyg/
0,"r®mEkyóD
ork',"r®mEkyóDydkif;udk 'DavmufESifh &yfNyD;awmh 0,"r®mEkyóD ydkif;udk qufajymMu&atmif ../
y#dorÇd'gr*¾ygVdawmfBuD;u b,fvdk ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlovJ¿ emMunfhMu&atmif .../
0,H yóaEÅm uwrmed yÍö vu©Pmed yówd¿
1/ t0dZÆmeda&m"m ½lyeda&ma"mwd ypö,eda&m"a|e ½lyu©E¨ó 0,H yówd/
2/ wPSmeda&m"m ½lyeda&ma"mwd ypö,eda&m"a|e ½lyu©E¨ó 0,H yówd/
3/ ur®eda&m"m ½lyeda&ma"mwd ypö,eda&m"a|e ½lyu©E¨ó 0,H yówd/
4/ tm[m&eda&m"m ½lyeda&ma"mwd ypö,eda&m"a|e ½lyu©E¨ó 0,H yówd/
5/ 0dy&dPmrvu©PH yóaEÅmyd ½lyu©E¨ó 0,H yówd/
½lyu©E¨ó 0,H yóaEÅm £rmed yÍö vu©Pmed yówd/ O',AÁ,H yóaEÅm £rmed 'o vu©Pmed yówd/ (y#doH-53/)
'DygVdawmfBuD;&JU qkdvdk&if;tcsufudk ajymqdkMu&atmif .../
t0dZÆmç wPSmç Oyg'gefç ocFg&ç uHqdkwJh taMumif; ork',opöm w&m;awG&JU aemifwpfzef rjzpfaomcsKyfjcif;jzifh csKyfNidrf;jcif;vdkY ac:qdk tyfwJh tEkyÜg'eda&m"oabmtm;jzifh csKyfNidrf;jcif;aMumifh tusKd;cE¨m ig;yg; 'ku©opömw&m;wdkY&JU aemifwpfzefrjzpfaom csKyfjcif;jzifh csKyfNidrf; jcif;vdkY ac:qdktyfwJh tEkyÜg'eda&m" oabmtm;jzifh csKyfNidrf;ykHudk vnf;aumif;ç
pdwfcsKyfjcif;aMumifh pdwåZ½kyf csKyfNidrf;ykHudkvnf;aumif;ç
OwkcsKyfjcif;aMumifh OwkZ½kyf csKyfNidrf;ykHudkvnf;aumif;ç
tm[m&csKyfjcif;aMumifh tm[m&Z½kyf csKyfNidrf;ykHudkvnf;aumif;ç
ur®Z½kyfç pdwåZ½kyfç OwkZ½kyfç tm[m&Z½kyfwdkY&JU ysufrI (= bif)udk vnf;aumif; --
0dyóemÓPfjzifh jrifatmif ½IygvdkY qdkvdkygw,f/ emrfcE¨m av;yg;udkvnf; ykHpHwlyJ qufvuf a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/

tEkyÜg'eda&m"

b,ftcsdeftcgrSm t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHpwJh taMumif; w&m;awG[m aemifwpfzef rjzpfaom csKyfjcif;jzifh csKyfNidrf;jcif;vkdY ac:qdktyfwJh tEkyÜg'eda&m" oabmtm;jzifh csKyfNidrf;ygovJvdkY ar;p&m &Sdygw,f/ 'Dtydkif;udk y&rw¬rÍÆLom trnf&SdwJh 0dok'¨dr*¾r[m#Dum q&mawmfu 'Dvdk zGifhqdkxm;awmfrlygw,f/
t0dZÆmeda&m"m ½lyeda&ma"mwd t*¾r*¾ÓaPe t0dZÆm, tEkyÜg'eda&m"awm tem*wó ½lyó tEkyÜg'eda&ma"m a[mwd ypö,mbma0 tbm0awm/ (r[m#D-2-421/)
qkdvkd&if;udk ajymMu&atmif .../
t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gefawG[m b,ftcsdeftcgrSm csKyfrvJ¿ t&[wår*f qdkufwJh tcsdeftcgrSm csKyfr,f/ b,fvdk csKyfrvJ¿ tEkyÜg'eda&m"oabmtm;jzifh csKyfr,f/

OyÜg'eda&m" - tEkyÜg'eda&m"

'Dae&mrSm OyÜg'eda&m"ESifh tEkyÜg'eda&m"taMumif;udk enf;enf; xyfajymr,f/ 'ku©opömtrnf&wJh Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;ç ork',opöm trnf&wJh taMumif;w&m;awGudk ocFg&w&m;awGvdkY ac:ygw,f/ 'DocFg&w&m;awG[m ocFg&w&m; (= ocFww&m;)wdkY&JU "r®wmtwdkif; jzpfNyD;wmESifh ysufoGm;Muw,f/ odkYaomf 'DocFg&w&m;awGudk jzpfay: vmatmif aus;Zl;jyKay;aewJh taMumif;w&m;awGu rcsKyfNidrf;Mu ao;bl; qufvufNyD;awmh aus;Zl;jyKay;aeao;w,fqkdvQif tusKd; ocFg&w&m;awG[m xyfjzpfMurSm jzpfw,f/ xyfjzpfvQifvnf; xyfNyD; awmh ysufoGm;Mujyefw,f/ Oyg'f-XD-bifqdkwJh oufwrf;umvaphvQif csKyfysufoGm;Mu&wm "r®wmyJ/ 'Dvdk Oyg'f-XD-bifqdkwJh oufwrf;aphvkdY csKyfysufoGm;aomfvnf; taMumif;w&m;awGu aus;Zl;jyKaeao;vdkY aemifwpfzef xyfjzpfcGifh&Sdaeao;wJh csKyfysufykHudkawmh OyÜg'eda&m" = aemifwpfzef jzpfcGifh&Sdaom csKyfNidrf;rIvdkY ac:qdkw,f/
ck'Dae&mrSm csKyfNidrf;rIuawmh 'DOyÜg'eda&m"rsKd; r[kwfwJhtwGuf tEkyÜg'eda&m"vdkY zGifhqdkxm;w,f/
tEkyÜg'eda&m"qdkwmu aemifwpfzef jzpfcGifhr&Sdaom csKyfjcif;udk qdkvdkygw,f/ t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef qdkwJh udavomawG[m t&[wå r*faMumifh csKyfNidrf;oGm;wJhtcg aemufxyfwpfzef b,fawmhrS jzpfcGifh r&SdwJh csKyfjcif;jzifh csKyfNidrf;oGm;Muw,f/ t<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpif atmif csKyfNidrf;oGm;wJhtwGuf t<uif;rJhcsKyfNidrf;jcif; (= taoo0d&m* eda&m")vdkYvnf; ac:qdkw,f/ t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gefawG t<uif;rJh csKyfNidrf;oGm;wJhtwGuf aemufxyfb,fawmhrS jyefrjzpfaom csKyfjcif;jzifh csKyfNidrf;oGm;wJhtwGuf t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef qdkwJh udavomtaygif; tazmfudk &&SdrS tusKd;ay;EkdifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdwJh ocFg& uHawGvnf; tusKd; ay;EdkifwJh pGrf;tifawG ukefcef;oGm;Muw,f? aemufxyf y#doaE¨cE¨m ig;yg; pwJh tem*wftusKd;w&m;awGukd jzpfapEdkifwJh pGrf;tifawG vkH;0 ukefcef;oGm;Muw,f/ 'gaMumifh ocFg& uHawGvnf; aemifwpfzef jzpfcGifhr&Sdaom csKyfjcif;jzifh csKyfNidrf;oGm;w,fvdkYyJ ajym&w,f/
'Dvdk taMumif;w&m;awGu aemufxyfwpfzefrjzpfaom csKyfjcif; jzifh csKyfNidrf;jcif;vdkY ac:qdktyfwJh tEkyÜg'eda&m"oabmtm;jzifh csKyfNidrf; oGm;wJhtwGuf tusKd;cE¨mig;yg;wdkYvnf; y&dedAÁmepkwdudk aemufqkH; xm;NyD;awmh aemifwpfzefjzpfcGifhr&Sdaom csKyfjcif;jzifh csKyfNidrf;oGm;Mu w,f? tEkyÜg'eda&m"yJ jzpfygw,f/
'Dvdk taMumif; tusKd; ESpf&yfvkH;wkdY&JU tEkyÜg'eda&m"oabmtm; jzifh csKyfNidrf;ykHukd jrifatmif½I&ef bk&m;&Sifu 'D0,"r®mEkyóDykdif;rSm ñTefMum;aeawmfrlygw,f/
'Dtydkif;ukd y#dorÇd'gr*¾ygVdawmfBuD; O',AÁ,ÓPeda'´oydkif;rSm xnfhoGif;NyD;awmh a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ (y#doH-53/)
O',AÁ,ÓPfudk tm;opfaeqJjzpfwJh ykxkZeftqifhwGifom &Sdao;wJh a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;udk tpxm;um O',AÁ,ÓPfudk tm;opf aewJh ykxkZefyJjzpfjzpf t&d,myJjzpfjzpf b,fyk*¾dKvfrqdk 0dyóem½I&ef ñTefMum;aewJh ñTefMum;vTm jzpfygw,f/
tu,fí O',AÁ,ÓPfudk tm;opfqJjzpfaewJh a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu ykxkZeftqifhwGifom &Sdaeao;w,fqdkvQif t&[wår*fudk &&Sdrnfh tcsdefonf ypöKyÜefvdkYawmh rajymEdkifawmhbl;? tem*wfvdkYom ajym& awmhr,f/ 'gaMumifh #Dumq&mawmfu - tem*wó ½lyó tEkyÜg'eda&ma"m ponfjzifh zGifhqkdoGm;ygw,f/ y#dorÇd'gr*¾t|uxm BuD;uvnf; ykHpHwl t"dyÜg,fwl zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/ (y#doH-|-1-236/) tJ'Dtem*wf[mvnf; 'DrsufarSmufb0rSmyJ t&[wåzdkvfqdkufrnfh a,m*Dyk*¾dKvftwGufawmh 'Db0tem*wfyJ jzpfygw,f/ okdYaomf aemif tem*wfb0wpfckckusrS t&[wåzdkvfqdkufa&mufrnfh a,m*Dyk*¾dKvf twGufuawmh xdkqdkufa&mufrnfhtem*wfb0 tem*wfcE¨mawGom jzpfMuygw,f/
'Dawmh t&[wår*f qdkufa&mufrnfhb0rSm t&[wår*faMumifh t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHawG&JU tEkyÜg'eda&m"oabmtm;jzifh csKyfNidrf;oGm;wJhtcg y&dedAÁmepkwdudk aemufqkH;xm;NyD;awmh tusKd; Oyg'geu©E¨mwdkY&JU aemifwpfzefrjzpfaom csKyfjcif;jzifh csKyfNidrf;jcif;vdkY ac:qdktyfwJh tEkyÜg'eda&m"oabmtm;jzifh csKyfNidrf;ykHudk 0dyóem ÓPfjzifh jrifatmif ½I&ef bk&m;&Sifu ñTefMum;aeawmfrlygw,fvdkY rSwfyg/
'gwGifruao;bl;? tusKd;cE¨mwdkY&JU cPrpJ woJoJ csKyfysufrI udkvnf; jrifatmif ½I&ef ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f? cPawm 0,'óeÓPf jzpfygw,f/
taMumif;w&m;awG&JU tEkyÜg'eda&m"oabmtm;jzifh csKyfNidrf; oGm;wJhtwGuf tusKd;cE¨mwdkY&JU tEkyÜg'eda&m" oabmtm;jzifh csKyfNidrf; ykHudk jrifatmif½IwJh ÓPfudkawmh ypö,awm 0,'óeÓPfvdkY 0dok'¨dr*¾t|uxmu (0dok'¨d-2-267/) zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/
'Dtydkif;uawmh tem*wfcE¨mawGESifh qufpyfaew,fvdkY oabm aygufyg/
taMumif;cE¨mawG&JU tEkyÜg'eda&m"oabmtm;jzifh csKyfNidrf;jcif; aMumifh tusKd;cE¨mwdkY&JU tEkyÜg'eda&m" oabmtm;jzifh csKyfNidrf;ykHudk 0dyóemÓPfjzifh jrifatmif ½I&rnfhtydkif; jzpfygw,f? tem*wfcE¨m ydkif;rSm tusKH;0ifaeygw,f? tem*wfcE¨mig;yg;½IuGufrSm tusKH;0if aeygw,f/
t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHawG[m ypöKyÜefb0wGif jyKpk ysKd;axmifvdkufwJh cE¨mawG jzpfEdkifp&m&Sdaomfvnf; ,if;wdkYcsKyfNidrf;rnfh tcsdefuawmh tem*wfcE¨mydkif;ESifh qdkifaeygw,f? t&[wår*fqdkuf a&mufcgeD; tcsdeftxd jzpfcGifh&SdEdkifwJh cE¨mawG jzpfMuygw,f/

"r®|dwdÓPf

y#dorÇd'gr*¾ygVdawmf pmrsufESm (48) ponfwdkYwGif ]]ypö,y&d*¾a[ ynm "r®|dwdÓPH = taMumif;w&m;wdkYudk odrf;qnf;jcif;ü ynmonf "r®|dwdÓPfrnf\}}ponfjzifh taMumif;w&m;wdkYudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm; ,lwwf odrf;qnf;wwfaomÓPfudk "r®|dwdÓPf[k a[mMum;xm; awmfrlygw,f/ emr½ly00w¬meÓPf = emrf½kyfwdkY&JU taMumif;w&m; tusKd;w&m;wdkYudk ykdif;jcm;rSwfom;wwfaom ÓPf[k rac:a0: rokH; pGJbJ tb,faMumifh "r®|dwdÓPfvkdY ac:a0:okH;pJGxm;&ygovJvdkY ar; p&m&Sdw,f/ y#dorÇd'gr*¾t|uxmu 'Dvdk ajzqdkxm;ygw,f/ --
]]emr½ly00w¬mae ÓP}}EÅd t0wGm {0 uo®m ]]"r®|dwdÓP}}EÅd 0kwåEÅd ap¿ ypö,y&d*¾a[ae0 ypö,orkyÜEéy&d*¾[ó od'¨wåm/ ypö,orkyÜaEé [d ty&d*¾[daw ypö,y&d*¾a[m e ouúm a[mwd umwkH/ wo®m "r®|dwdÓP*[aPae0 wó a[wkblwH ykaAÁ od'¨H emr½ly00w¬meÓPH 0kwåar0 a[mwDwd a0'dwAÁH/ (y#doH-|-1-18/)
emr½ly00w¬meÓPfvdkY a[mMum;awmfrrlbJ bmaMumifh "r®|dwd ÓPfvdkY a[mMum;xm;awmfrl&ygovJ¿ 'guawmh ar;cGef;yJ/ 'Dar; cGef;udk t|uxmq&mawmfu 'Dvkd tajzay;xm;ygw,f? qdkvdk&if;udk oabmaygufatmif ajymr,f .../
taMumif;w&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;jcif;jzifh tusKd;w&m;udk odrf; qnf;jcif; vkyfief;udpö&yfvnf; NyD;pD;oGm;wJhtwGufaMumifh "r®|dwdÓPf vdkY a[mMum;xm;awmfrljcif; jzpfygw,f/ rSefygw,f - tusKd;½kyfemrf awGudk rodrf;qnf;EdkifvQif taMumif;½kyfemrfudk odrf;qnf;zdkY&ef b,fvdkrS rjzpfEdkifbl;/
taMumif;w&m;qdkwmu tusKd;w&m;udk jzpfapEdkifwJh pGrf;tif owåd&SdwJhw&m;udk qkdvdkw,f/ xdkpGrf;tifowådaMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh tusKd;w&m;udk jrifygrS 'DpGrf;tifowåd&SdwJhw&m;[m taMumif;w&m; yJvdkY a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu or®m'd|dÓPfjzifh udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmuf odjrifEdkifrSm jzpfw,f/
tusKd;ypö,kyÜefw&m;awG[m taMumif;w&m;tay:ü wnfae Muygw,f/ wnfaew,fqdkwmuawmh 'Dvdkyg -- taMumif;w&m;awG xif&Sm;&SdMuygrS taMumif;w&m;awGu jzpfay:vmatmif aus;Zl;jyK ay;MuygrS tusKd;ypö,kyÜefw&m;awG[m jzpfay:vmEdkifcGifh &SdMuw,f/ taMumif;w&m;awGu aus;Zl;jyKray;vQif jzpfay:vmEdkifwJhpGrf;tifawG r&SdMubl;/ tJ'Dvdk tusKd;ypö,kyÜefw&m;wdkY&JU wnfaeaMumif; jzpfay: vmaMumif;jzpfwJh taMumif;w&m;pkawGudk "r®|dwdvdkY ac:qkd ygw,f/ tJ'DtusKd;ypö,kyÜefw&m;pkwdkY&JU wnf&m jzpfay:vm&m taMumif;w&m; pkudk xdk;xGif;odwwfwJh ÓPfudkvnf; "r®|dwdÓPfvkdYyJ ac:qdkygw,f/
wpfzef taMumif;w&m;wdkYqdkwmvnf; txufu tBudrfBudrf &Sif;jycJhwJhtwdkif;yJ udavo0#ftrnf&wJh cE¨mig;yg; (= ½kyfemrfw&m;)ç ur®0#ftrnf&wJh cE¨mig;yg; (= ½kyfemrfw&m;)om jzpfMuw,f/ ½kyfemrf rS tvGwfjzpfwJh taMumif;w&m;qdkwm r&Sdpaumif;bl;/ 'gaMumifh taMumif;½kyfemrfwdkYudk odrf;qnf;wwfwJh ydkif;jcm;,lwwfwJh ÓPf udkvnf; emr½ly00w¬meÓPfvdkY ac:qdkoifhw,f/ 'Dvdk ac:qdkoifh ygvsuf rac:qkdbJ "r®|dwdÓPfqdkwJh pum;vkH;udk ,lum a[mMum; xm;awmfrlwJhtwGufaMumifhyif xdk"r®|dwdtrnf&wJh taMumif;w&m; pk&JU taMumif;&if;jzpfwJh a&S;u NyD;pD;NyD;jzpfwJh emr½ly00w¬meÓPf (= emrf½kyfudk ykdif;jcm;rSwfom;wwfwJhÓPf) udk a[mawmfrlNyD;om jzpfw,fvdkY odyg/ (y#doH-|-1-18/)
enf;enf;awmh xyfNyD;&Sif;jyzdkY vdkOD;r,fxifw,f/ t0dZÆmç wPSmç Oyg'gefwdkY OD;aqmifjy"mef;wJh udavo0#ftrnf&wJh cE¨mig;yg; (= ½kyfemrfw&m;)ç ukodkvfocFg&apwem OD;aqmifjy"mef;wJh ur®0#f trnf &wJh cE¨mig;yg; (= ½kyfemrfw&m;)qdkwJh udavo0#f ur®0#f trnf&wJh emrf½kyfw&m;awG[mvnf; ,if;emrf½kyfwdkYudk jzpfay:apwwfwJh qdkif&m taMumif;w&m;awG xif&Sm;&SdMuwJh w&m;rsKd;awGom jzpfMuw,f/ taMumif;uif;NyD;awmh taMumif;r&SdbJ tvdktavsmuf jzpfay:vm MuwJh w&m;rsKd;awGawmh r[kwfMubl;/ ocFwy&rwfe,frSm taMumif; r&SdbJ tvdktavsmuf jzpfay:vmwJh w&m;qdkwm r&Sdpaumif;wJh twGufaMumifh jzpfw,f/
'DvdkqdkvQif udavo0#f ur®0#ftrnf&wJh 'Demrf½kyfw&m;pkwdkY [mvnf; qdkif&mqdkif&m taMumif;w&m;pkwdkYudk pJGrSDíom jzpfay:vm Mu&wJh obm0"r® ocFw y&rwfw&m;rsm;om jzpfMuwJhtwGuf 'Dudavo0#f ur®0#f emrf½kyfw&m;pkwdkY[mvnf; taMumif;w&m;rsm; aMumifh jzpfay:vmMu&wJhç taMumif;w&m;rsm;bufu MunfhvQif tusKd;ypö,kyÜEé"r® trnf&Muonfom jzpfygw,f/

taMumif;w&m;rsm;

'DvdkqdkvQif 'Dt0dZÆmç wPSmç Oyg'gefç ocFg&ç uHwdkY&JU taMumif; w&m;awGu bmawGvJ¿ 'Dvdkawmh ar;p&m&Sdw,f? tajzudk em;axmif Munfhyg .../
1/ tmo0ork',m t0dZÆmork'a,m (r-1-67/) = tmoa0gw&m; wdkYudk taMumif;cHí t0dZÆmonf xif&Sm;jzpfay:vm\ - vdkY 'Dvdk bk&m;&Sifu a[mMum;xm;awmfrlwJhtwGuf umrmo0 b0go0 'd|mo0 t0dZÆmo0qdkwJh tmoa0gw&m;awGu taMumif;ypönf; w&m;ç t0dZÆmu tusKd;ypö,kyÜefw&m; jzpfw,f/
2/ a0'emypö,m wPSm = a0'emudk taMumif;cHNyD;awmh wPSm jzpfay:vmw,fvdkY y#dypöorkyÜg'fa'oemawmfrSm bk&m;&Sif a[mMum;xm;awmfrlwJhtwGuf a0'emu taMumif;ypönf;w&m;ç wPSmu tusKd;ypö,kyÜefw&m; jzpfw,f/
3/ wPSmypö,m Oyg'geH = wPSmudk taMumif;cHum Oyg'gef[m jzpfay:vmw,fvdkY y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemawmfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;xm;awmfrlwJhtwGuf wPSmu taMumif;ypönf;w&m;ç Oyg'gefu tusKd;ypö,kyÜefw&m; jzpfw,f/
4/ t0dZÆmypö,m ocFg&m = opömav;yg; trSefw&m;udk rodrI a,mufsm; rdef;rponfjzifh todrSm;rI t0dZÆmudk taMumif;cHum ukodkvfocFg& tukodkvfocFg&w&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmMu w,fvdkY y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemawmfrSm bk&m;&Sif a[mMum;xm; awmfrlwJhtwGuf t0dZÆmu taMumif;ypönf;w&m;ç ocFg&u tusKd;ypö,kyÜefw&m; jzpfw,f/
5/ Oyg'geypö,m ba0g = Oyg'gefudk taMumif;cHum ur®b0 = uH ESifh (Oywådb0)wdkY jzpfay:vmMuw,fvdkY y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oem awmfrSmyJ bk&m;&Sifa[mMum;xm;awmfrlwJhtwGuf Oyg'gefu taMumif;ypönf;w&m;ç ur®b0 = uHu tusKd;ypö,kyÜefw&m; jzpfw,f/
'gaMumifh twdwftaMumif;w&m;rsm;tjzpf owfrSwfxm;wJh t0dZÆmç wPSmç Oyg'gefç ocFg&ç uHwdkY[mvnf; wpfenf;ajym&vQif awmh -- t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHwdkY OD;aqmifjy"mef;aewJh emrf½kyfw&m;pkwdkYrSmvnf; rdrdwdkY&JU pGJrSD&m twdwfb0u jzpfcJhwJh qdkif&m qdkif&m twdwftaMumif;w&m;awG xif&Sm;&SdMuonfom jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'Dtwdwf t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHwdkYudk jzpfay: apwwfwJh qdkif&m qdkif&m taMumif;w&m;rsm;bufu MunfhcJhr,f qdkvQif 'Dt0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHwdkY OD;aqmifjy"mef;aewJh emrf½kyftpktyHkwdkY[mvnf; ypö,kyÜEé"r® (= ypö,orkyÜEé"r® = taMumif; w&m;wdkYudk pGJrSDum jzpfay:vmMuwJh tusKd;w&m;) qkdwJh trnfudk &Muonfom jzpfygw,f/
tu,fí a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu ypö,orkyÜEé trnf&wJh qdkif&m taMumif;w&m;wdkYudk pGJrSDum jzpfay:vmMuwJh udavo0#f ur®0#fqdkNyD; emrnfwyfxm;wJh 'Dt0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHwdkY OD;aqmifaewJh emrf½kyfw&m;pkwdkYukd a&S;OD;pGm rodrf;qnf;Edkifao;bl;qdkvQif tJ'D emrf½kyfw&m;pkjzpfwJh t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHwdkYaMumifh 'DypöKyÜefb0rSm y#doaE¨0dyguf0dnmPfpwJh 0dygufemrf½kyfawG xifxif &Sm;&Sm; jzpfyGm;ay:aygufvmwmukd b,fvkdrS od&SdEdkifrSm r[kwfbl;/ taMumif;w&m;ESifh tusKd;w&m;wkdY&JU aMumif;-usKd;qufEG,frIoabm w&m;udk b,fvdkrS od&SdEdkifrSm r[kwfbl;/ taMumif;w&m;ESifh tusKd; w&m;wdkYudk aMumif;-usKd;pyfum - þum; taMumif;w&m;ç þum; tusKd;w&m; ponfjzifh b,fvdkrS odrf;qnf;EdkifrSmvnf; r[kwfbl;/ taMumif;w&m;ESifh tusKd;w&m;wdkYudk rodrf;qnf;Edkifyguvnf; ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPfudkvnf; b,fvdkrS &&SdEdkifrSm r[kwfbl;/

udavo0#f - ur®0#f - 0dygu0#f

aemufwpfenf;ajymOD;r,f? twdwfu t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gefwdkY OD;aqmifjy"mef;aewJh udavo0#f emrf½kyfw&m;pkwdkYukd rodrf;qnf;Edkif ao;ygu tJ'Dudavo0#faMumifh tJ'DtwdwfrSm ocFg& uHqdkwJh ur®0#f emrf½kyfw&m;pkwdkY jzpfay:vm&wmudk b,fvdkrS od&SdEdkifrSm r[kwfbl;/ NyD;awmhvnf; 'DocFg& uHqdkwJh ur®0#femrf½kyfw&m;pkawGudk rodrf; qnf;Edkifao;bl;qkdvQif ,if;ur®0#faMumifh 'DypöKyÜefb0rSm y#doaE¨ 0dnmPfqdkwJh 0dygu0#f jzpfay:vmwmudk b,fvkdrS od&SdEkdifrSm r[kwf bl;/ tvm;wlyJ 0dnmPfaMumifh emrf½kyfjzpfykHpwJh aMumif;usKd;qufEG,frI oabmw&m;awGudkvnf; od&SdEdkifrSm r[kwfawmhbl;/
qdkif&mtwdwftaMumif;w&m;awGaMumifh qkdif&m twdwftusKd; w&m;awG jzpfykHç ypöKyÜeftaMumif;w&m;awGaMumifh tem*wftusKd; w&m;awG jzpfykHç tem*wf oHo&mc&D; rqHk;ao;olwdkYtwGuf qdkif&m tem*wf taMumif;w&m;awGaMumifh qkdif&m tem*wftusKd;w&m;awG jzpfykHwdkYudkvnf; enf;wl oabmaygufyg/
'gaMumifh emr½ly00w¬meÓPfvdkY rokH;pGJvdkufbJ "r®|dwdÓPfvdkY okH;pGJvkdufjcif;jzifh 'D"r®|dwdÓPf jzpfay:vm&jcif;&JU taMumif;&if;jzpfwJh "r®|dwdÓPf rjzpfrD "r®|dwdÓPfudk &atmiftm;rxkwfrD a&S;tzdkYrSm BudKwifNyD;pD;xm;NyD;jzpf&rnfh twdwfemrf½kyf ypöKyÜefemrf½kyf ESpfrsKd;vkH; udk ykdif;jcm;rSwfom;jcif;ç ypöKyÜefemrf½kyf tem*wfemrf½kyf ESpfrsKd;vkH;udk ydkif;jcm;rSwfom;jcif;pwJh emr½ly00w¬meÓPfudk a[mNyD;omjzpfw,f vdkY od&Sdyg/ (y#doH-|-1-18/)
'D&Sif;vif;csufawGuawmh txufu wifjycJhwJh y#dorÇd'gr*¾ t|uxm&JU qdkvdk&if;oabmw&m;awG jzpfMuygw,f/

opöma'oemawmfenf;

t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf yxrwGJ wduedygwf wdw¬m,weokwåefrSm -t0dZÆmaMumifh ocFg&jzpfykHç ocFg&aMumifh 0dnmPfjzpfykH pwJh tEkavmr y#dpöorkyÜg'foabmw&m; (= taMumif;w&m;ESifh tusKd;w&m;wdkY&JU aMumif;usKd;qufEG,fum txyfxyfjzpfrIoabmw&m;) udk ork', opömqdkwJh trnfESifh a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ (tH-1-178/) - owdy|mefa'oemawmfrSm vm&SdwJh ork',"r®mEkyóDykdif; jzpfygw,f? oHo&m&JU jzpfpOf jzpfygw,f/
aemufwpfck - t0dZÆm&JU aemifwpfzefrjzpfaom csKyfjcif;jzifh csKyfNidrf;jcif;vdkY ac:qdktyfwJh tEkyÜg'eda&m"oabmtm;jzifh csKyfNidrf;rI aMumifh ocFg&&JU tEkyÜg'eda&m"oabmtm;jzifh csKyfNidrf;ykHpwJh oHo&m puf&[wf&JU csKyfNidrf;ykHtpOfudk azmfjywJh y#davmry#dpöorkyÜg'foabm w&m;udkvnf; eda&m"opömtrnfESifh jrwfpGmbk&m;u a[mMum;xm; awmfrlygw,f/ (tH-1-178/)
'Deda&m"opömuawmh O',AÁ,0dyóemÓPfxJrSm tusKH;0ifwJh ypö,awm 0,'óeÓPf (= taMumif;w&m;tm;jzifh csKyfNidrf;rIudk ½IjrifwwfwJh 0dyóemÓPf) ESifh xdk;xGif;odwJh eda&m"opöm jzpfygw,f/
(0dok'¨d-2-267/)
tJ'Deda&m"opömudk odwJh 0dyóemÓPfESifhwuGaom r*¾ifw&m; udk,fawGuawmh avmuDr*¾opömw&m;awG jzpfMuygw,f/ 0dyóem ÓPfudk wpfzefjyefNyD;awmh 0dyóem½IEdkifwJhtcg a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu 'DavmuDr*¾opömudkvnf; xkd;xGif;odEdkifygw,f/ owdy|mefa'oem awmfenf;t& 0,"r®mEkyóDykdif; jzpfygw,f/
0dyóemÓPfwdkY&JU tqkH;rSm jzpfay:vmwJh t&d,r*fÓPf (zdkvfÓPf) wdkYjzifh xkd;xGif;odwJh tocFw"mwf tNidrf;"mwfedAÁmefw&m; awmfjrwfBuD;uawmh avmukwå&m eda&m"opömw&m; jzpfygw,f/
tJ'D avmukwå&m eda&m"opömudk xdk;xGif;odwJh t&d,r*fÓPfESifh ,SOfwGJaewJh r*¾ifw&m;ukd,fawGuawmh avmukwå&m r*¾opömw&m; awG jzpfMuygw,f/
oHcdawåe yÍöKyg'geu©E¨m 'ku©m qdkwJhtwdkif; twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜefpwJh (11)rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh wnfaewJh Oyg'geu©E¨m ig;yg;wdkYuawmh 'ku©opömw&m;pkawG jzpfMuygw,f/
aygif;vdkufawmh avmuD0dyóemÓPfESifh xdk;xGif;odtyfwJh opömw&m;awGu 'ku©opöm ork',opöm eda&m"opöm r*¾opömqdkwJh opömav;yg; jzpfMuw,f/
avmukwå&mjzpfwJh t&d,r*fÓPfjzifh xdk;xGif;odtyfwJh opöm uvnf; av;yg;yJ jzpfMuygw,f/ odkYaomf avmukwå&m t&d,r*f ÓPfu tocFw"mwf tNidrf;"mwfedAÁmefqkdwJh avmukwå&m eda&m" opömw&m;awmfjrwfudkom tm&r®Py#da0" (= tm½kHrsufarSmuf wdkuf½kdufjyKum xdk;xGif;odjcif;)jzifh xdk;xGif;NyD; odw,f? 'ku©-ork',-r*¾qdkwJh usefopömokH;yg;udkawmh rodatmif zkH;vTrf;xm;wJh arm[udk y,fowfaomtm;jzifh xdk;xGif;odjcif;qdkwJh toar®m[y#da0"oabm tm;jzifh xdk;xGif;odw,f/
'Dvdk avmuD0dyóemÓPf avmukwå&mr*fÓPfwkdYjzifh opöm av;yg;udk xdk;xGif;rodygu r*fÓPf zdkvfÓPf edAÁmefudk rsufarSmuf jyKEdkifygovm;vdkY ar;p&m&Sdw,f/ opöoH,kwfrSmvm&SdwJh ul#m*g& okwåef aumufEkwfcsufuav;udk emMum;Munfhyg/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf b,fvdk a[mMum;xm;awmfrlovJ¿ --

ul#m*g&okwåefw&m;awmf aumufEkwfcsuf

a,m p acg bdu©a0 {0H 0a',s - ]]t[H 'ku©H t&d,opöH ,xmblwH tebdoarpö? 'ku©ork',H t&d,opöH ,xmblwH tebdoarpö? 'ku©eda&m"H t&d,opöH ,xmblwH tebdoarpö? 'ku©eda&m"*grdeð y#dy'H t&d,opöH ,xmblwH tebdoarpö? or®m 'ku©óEÅH u&dómrD}}wd aewH XmeH 0dZÆwd/ (oH-3-394/ oH-3-383/)
tebdoarpömwd ÓaPe tebdorm*EÉm/ tyÜ#d0dZÑdwGmwd taw¬m/ (oH-|-3-330/)
bdu©a0 = cspfom;&[ef;wdkY .../ a,m p acg = tMuif trSwfrxm; wpfpkHwpfa,mufaom yk*¾dKvf owå0gonfum;/ {0H = þodkY/ 0a',s = ajymqdkvmjim;tHh/ uð 0a',s = todkY ajymqdk av&moenf;/
]]t[H = igonf/ 'ku©H t&d,opöH = 'ku©t&d,opömw&m;udk/ y / 'ku©ork',H t&d,opöH = 'ku©jzpfaMumif; 'ku©ork',t&d, opömw&m;udk/ y / 'ku©eda&m"H t&d,opöH = 'ku©csKyfaMumif; 'ku© csKyf&m 'ku©eda&m"t&d,opömw&m;udk/ y / 'ku©eda&m"*grdeð y#dy'H t&d,opöH = 'ku©csKyf&m eda&m"odkY a&mufaMumif; usifhpOfjzpfonfh r*¾t&d,opömw&m;udk/ ,xmblwH = razmufrjyef [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm/ tebdoarpö = or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif; azmuf rodrjrifrlí/ or®m = aumif;rGefrSefuefpGm/ 'ku©óEÅH = oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©\ tqHk;tydkif;tjcm;udk/ u&dómrd = jyKvkyf aytHh/}} {0H = þodkY/ 0a',s = ajymqdkvmjim;tHh/ {wH XmeH = þajymqdkonfhtwdkif; jzpfEdkif&maom taMumif;t&mrsKd;onf/ e 0dZÆwd = r&Sdonfomwnf;/
&[ef;wdkY...yk*¾dKvfwpfa,mufu ajymvmNyDqdkMupdkY? b,fvdk ajymovJ¿ ]]ig[m 'ku©t&d,opömç 'ku©ork',opömç 'ku©eda&m" t&d,opömç 'ku©csKyf&medAÁmef (= 'ku©eda&m")odkY a&mufaMumif; usifhpOf jzpfwJh r*¾t&d,opömw&m;udk razmufrjyef [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm or®m'd|d ÓPfynmjzifh ukd,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufum rodbJ rjrifbJ oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©ukefatmifç oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©ukef&m edAÁmefodkY qdkufa&mufatmif jyKvkyfr,f - vdkY 'Dvdk vmajymr,f qdkMupkdY/
tJ'Dyk*¾dKvf&JU ajymqkdcsuf[m ajymqdkwJhtwdkif; jzpfEdkif&maom taMumif;t&m[m b,fvdkrS r&SdEkdifbl;/ (oH-3-394/ oH-3-383/)
'Dvdka[mMum;xm;awmfrlwJh opöma'oemawmfrsm;ESifhtnD t&d, opömav;yg;wdkUudk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh udk,fwdkif rsufarSmuf xGif;azmufum rodygu rjrifygu oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku© ukefqkH;&m edAÁmefokdY ra&mufEkdifwJhtwGuf oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©ukef&m edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufjyKvkdwJh &vdkwJh a&mufvdkwJh yk*¾dKvf rSefcJhvQifawmh t&d,opömav;yg;wdkYudk or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufodjrifatmif BudK;yrf;&awmhrSm jzpfygw,f/
'Dopömav;yg;xJrSm 'Dae&mrSm txl;ajymvdkwmuawmh avmuD 0dyóemÓPfjzifh xdk;xGif;od&rnfh --
1/ ork',opömaMumifh 'ku©opömjzpfykHtykdif;
2/ ork',opöm csKyfNidrf;jcif;aMumifh 'ku©opöm csKyfNidrf;ykHtydkif; --
'Dtydkif; ESpfydkif; jzpfygw,f/ ork',opömaMumifh 'ku©opöm jzpfykHudk 0dyóemÓPfjzifh jrifatmif ½IwJhtydkif;udkf owdy|mefa'oemawmfrSm bk&m;&Sifu ork',"r®mEkyóDydkif;wGif xnfhoGif;um a[mMum;xm; awmf rlygw,f/
ork',opöm&JU tEkyÜg'eda&m"oabmtm;jzifh csKyfNidrf;jcif;aMumifh 'ku©opömw&m;pkwdkY&JU tEkyÜg'eda&m"oabmtm;jzifh csKyfNidrf;ykHtydkif;udk awmh owdy|mefa'oemawmfrSm bk&m;&Sifu 0,"r®mEkyóDydkif;wGif xnfhoGif;um a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/
aemufwpfckuawmh ... oyÜpö,emr½ly0aoe wdvu©PH tma&maywGm (r-|-1-281/) pwJh t|uxmBuD;rsm;&JU ñTefMum;csuf twdkif; 'D'ku©opöm ork',opömw&m;wdkY&JU Oyg'ftm;jzifh biftm;jzifh wpfenf; - cPtm;jzifh jzpfrIysufrIudk 0dyóemÓPfjzifh jrifatmif MunfhNyD; vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wifum qufvufNyD;awmh 0dyóem ½I&rSm jzpfygw,f/
txufu udk;um;wifjyxm;cJhwJh y#dorÇd'gr*¾ygVdawmfBuD;twdkif; jzpfrIudk ½Ijcif;u edAÁwådvu©Pmudk ½Ijcif;jzpfw,f? ysufrIudk ½Ijcif;u awmh 0dy&dPmrvu©Pm (= cE¨mwdkY&JU azmufjyefysufpD;wJh vu©Pm)udk ½Ijcif;jzpfw,f/ edAÁwådvu©Pmudk ork',"r®ç 0dy&dPmrvu©Pmudk 0,"r®qdkwJh trnfESifh owdy|mefa'oemawmfrSm bk&m;&Sifu a[m Mum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/
ckajymcJhwmawGudk wpfenf;xyfNyD;awmh ajymOD;r,f .../
twdwfcE¨mig;yg;xJrSm qdkif&mtwdwftaMumif;w&m;awGaMumifh jzpfay:cJhwJh 0dygu0#fcE¨mig;yg;awGvnf; yg0ifMuw,f? ypöKyÜef 0dygu0#fcE¨m ponfwdkY&JU taMumif;&if;jzpfwJh t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef OD;aqmifwJh udavo0#fcE¨mç ocFg& uHOD;aqmifwJh ur®0#fcE¨mawG vnf; yg0ifMuw,f/
tvm;wlyJ ypöKyÜefcE¨mig;yg;xJrSmvnf; twdwfudavo0#fcE¨m ur®0#fcE¨mwdkYaMumifh jzpfay:aewJh 0dygu0#fcE¨mawGvnf; yg0if Muw,f? aemiftem*wf0dygu0#fcE¨mwdkY&JU taMumif;&if; jzpfMuwJh ypöKyÜefwGif jyKpkysKd;axmifaewJh udavo0#fcE¨m ur®0#fcE¨mawGvnf; yg0ifMuw,f/
tvm;wlyJ tem*wfcE¨mawGxJrSmvnf; ypöKyÜefudavo0#fcE¨m ur®0#fcE¨mawGaMumifh jzpfay:vmrnfh 0dygu0#fcE¨mawGvnf; yg0if Muw,f/ aemufxyf 'kwd,tem*wf pwJh xkdxdk vmvwåHUaom tem*wftwGuf &nf&G,fjyKpkysKd;axmifvwåHUjzpfwJh udavo0#fcE¨m ur®0#fcE¨mawGvnf; yg0ifMuw,f/
'gaMumifh 'D*'´KvA'¨okwåefrSm bk&m;&SifñTefMum;awmfrlwJh -- ,H udÍöd ½lyH twDwmem*wypöKyÜEéH pwJh ½IuGufrSm -- twdwfç tem*wfç ypöKyÜefcE¨mig;yg;xJrSm udavo0#f ur®0#f 0dygu0#fcE¨mawG tm;vkH; yg0ifMuw,fvdkY oabmaygufyg/

twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜefcE¨mawGudk odrf;qnf;jcif;

'D*'´KvA'¨okwåefydkif;rSm jrwfpGmbk&m;u twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜef jzpfwJh Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;wkdYudk 0dyóem½I&ef ñTefMum;aeawmfrlygw,f/ twdwfcE¨mig;yg;wdkYudk 0dyóem½IvdkwJh a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu a&SUOD;pGm twdwfcE¨mig;yg;udk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lwwf odrf;qnf;wwfzdkY vdkyg w,f/ ypöKyÜefcE¨mig;yg;wdkYudk 0dyóem½IvdkwJh a,m*Dyk*¾dKvf[mvnf; a&SUOD;pGm ypöKyÜefcE¨mig;yg;awGudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lwwf odrf;qnf; wwfzdkY vdkygw,f/ tem*wfcE¨mig;yg;wdkYudk 0dyóem½IvdkwJh a,m*D yk*¾dKvf[mvnf; a&SUOD;pGm tem*wfcE¨mig;yg;wdkYudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm; ,lwwf odrf;qnf;wwfzkdY vkdygw,f/ ÓPfpOfenf;t& emr½lyy&dapä'ÓPf emr½ly00w¬meÓPf jzpfygw,f/
aemufwpfck ajymOD;r,f .../ twdwftaMumif;w&m;awGaMumifh ypöKyÜeftusKd;w&m;0dygu0#fcE¨mawGjzpfykHudk ÓPfjzifh jrifatmif½IvdkwJh a,m*Dyk*¾dKvf[mvnf; taMumif;w&m;jzpfwJh twdwfudavo0#fcE¨m twdwfur®0#fcE¨mwdkYudka&m ypöKyÜeftusKd;0dygu0#fcE¨mawGudka&m ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lwwf odrf;qnf;,lwwfzkdY vkdygw,f/
tvm;wlyJ ypöKyÜeftaMumif;w&m;awGaMumifh tem*wftusKd; w&m;awG jzpfykHudk 0dyóemÓPfjzifh ½IjrifvdkwJh a,m*Dyk*¾dKvf[mvnf; taMumif;&if;jzpfwJh ypöKyÜefudavo0#fcE¨m ur®0#fcE¨mawGudka&m tusKd;jzpfwJh tem*wf0dygu0#fcE¨mawGudka&m ÓPfjzifh ykdif;jcm;,lwwf odrf;qnf;,lwwfzdkY vdkygw,f/ ÓPfpOfenf;t& emr½lyy&dapä'ÓPfç emr½ly00w¬meÓPfyJ jzpfygw,f/
'Dvdk odrf;qnf;NyD;awmhrS a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu a&SUwpfqifh wufum twdwfu jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh udavo0#fcE¨m ur®0#fcE¨mwdkYaMumifh ypöKyÜef0dygu0#fcE¨mawG jzpfykHudk ÓPfjzifh jrifatmif ½I&ygw,f/ ÓPf pOfenf;t& ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf jzpfygw,f/ wpfenf;ajym&vQifawmh "r®|dwdÓPf jzpfygw,f/
tvm;wlyJ ypöKyÜefwGif jyKpkysKd;axmifxm;wJh udavo0#fcE¨m ur®0#fcE¨mwdkYaMumifh tem*wf 0dygu0#fcE¨mawG xif&Sm;jzpfykHudkvnf; ÓPfjzifh jrifatmif ½I&ygw,f/ ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf (= "r®|dwdÓPf)yif jzpfygw,f/
'Dvkd taMumif;cE¨m tusKd;cE¨mwdkYudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lwwf odrf;qnf;,lwwfwJh yk*¾dKvfawGonfomvQif --
1/ twdwf tusKd;cE¨m taMumif;cE¨m
2/ ypöKyÜef tusKd;cE¨m taMumif;cE¨m
3/ tem*wff tusKd;cE¨m taMumif;cE¨m --
qdkwJh twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜefcE¨mawGudk vu©Pma&; okH;wef wifum 0dyóem ½IyGm;okH;oyfEdkifrSm jzpfygw,f/
'gaMumifh 'Dork',"r®mEkyóD-0,"r®mEkyóDydkif;rSm --
t0dZÆmç wPSmç Oyg'gefç ocFg&ç uH tp&SdwJh taMumif;w&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh - tusKd;½kyfw&m; emrfw&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfykH? t0dZÆmç wPSmç Oyg'gefç ocFg&ç uH tp&SdwJh taMumif;w&m;awG csKyf Nidrf;jcif;aMumifh - tusKd;½kyfw&m;awGç emrfw&m;awG csKyfNidrf;ykHukd jrif atmif wpfqifhwufNyD;awmh ½I&ygw,f/
tJ'Dtykdif;rSm jrwfpGmbk&m;u ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPfç or®oeÓPfç O',AÁ,ÓPfqkdwJh 'DÓPfokH;yg;ukd aygif;pkNyD;awmh a[mMum;xm; awmfrlygw,f? 'Dawmh twdwfu rdrdu b,fvkd t0dZÆmç wPSmç Oyg'gef awGjcH&HNyD;awmh ocFg&ç uHawGukd xlaxmifcJhw,fqkdwmukdawmh rdrd ukd,fwkdif 'Dtykdif;rSm odatmif jrifatmif ½I&ygw,f/ tJ'Dtykdif;ukd ork',opömaMumifh 'ku©opöm jzpfykHudk odatmif ½IwJhtykdif;qkdNyD; pmayusrf;*efrsm;u azmfjyxm;ygw,f? t&d,molawmfaumif; rSefcJh&if 'Dopömav;yg;ukd odovm;ç rodbl;vm;¿ odMuw,f/ opömav;yg; xJrSm 'Dork',opömaMumifh 'ku©opömjzpfjcif;qkdwmukdawmh od&rvm;ç rod&bl;vm;¿ od&r,f/ 'gaMumifh bk&m;&Sifu ckeu *'´KvA'¨okwåefrSm &[ef;awGukd twdwfcE¨mig;yg;ç ypöKyÜefcE¨mig;yg;ç tem*wfcE¨m ig;yg;awGukdyg xnhfoGif;NyD; 0dyóem½IzkdY ñTefMum;xm;ygw,f/
t0dZÆmç wPSmç Oyg'gefç ocFg&ç uH - qkdwJh 'Db0ukd jzpfay:vm atmif jyKpkysKd;axmifay;wwfwJh okdYr[kwf 'Db0cE¨mig;yg;ukd jzpfap wwfwJh taMumif;&if;jzpfwJh t0dZÆmç wPSmç Oyg'gefç ocFg&ç uHawGu b,fwkef;u jzpfcJhovJ¿ twdwfu jzpfcJhw,f? 'gaMumifh twdwfu uHukd odcsif&ifawmh twdwfcE¨mig;yg;ukd vSrf;NyD;½IzkdY rvkdbl;vm;¿ - vkdtyfw,f/
wpfcg ypöKyÜefrSm xlaxmifaewJh t0dZÆmç wPSmç Oyg'gefç ocFg&ç uHawGaMumifh aemiftem*wfcE¨mig;yg;jzpfrSmukdvnf; jrifatmif½IzkdY bk&m;&Sifu 'Dowdy|mefusifhpOfxJrSm xnhfa[mMum;xm;awmfrlw,f/ 'gaMumifh tem*wfcE¨mig;yg;ukdvnf; vSrf;½IzkdY rvkdbl;vm;¿ - vkdtyf aew,f/
twdwfç tem*wf½IuGufawGu 'Dowdy|mefusifhpOfxJrSmvnf; ygygw,f? tJ'Dvkd t0dZÆmç wPSmç Oyg'gefç ocFg&ç uH qkdwJhtaMumif; w&m;awGaMumifh tusKd;cE¨mig;yg; xif&Sm;jzpfykHukd twdwfrSma&mç tem*wfrSma&mç ypöKyÜefrSma&m twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜef umvokH;yg; vkH;rSm a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu jrifatmif odrf;qnf;&ygw,f/

0dyóemykdif;

tJ'Dvkd odrf;qnf;NyD;wJhtcsdeftcgusawmhrS taMumif;w&m;ESifh wuG 'D twdwfç tem*wfç ypöKyÜefç tZÑwåç A[d'¨ç MoVm&duç okckrç [Deç yPDwç 'l&ç oEÅduvkdY ac:qkdtyfwJh (11)rsKd;aom tjcif;t&m tm;jzifhwnfaewJh 'DcE¨mig;yg;awGukd bmvkyf&rvJ¿ jzpfae ysufaewm ukd ÓPfESifhjrifatmifMunfhNyD; tedpövkdY wGifwGifBuD; ½I&w,f? jzpfjcif; ysufjcif; 'Pfcsufjzifh tESdyfpufcHae&wJhoabmawGukd ÓPfESifh jrif atmif MunfhNyD;awmh 'ku©vkdY wGifwGif½I&w,f? rysufpD;bJ tusdwftcJ tckdiftrm tESpfom&tm;jzifh wnfaewJh twår[kwfwJh tewåoabm awGukd ÓPfESifh jrifatmifMunfhNyD;awmh tewåvkdY wGifwGif½I&w,f/ tJ'Dvkd tedpö 'ku© tewåvkdY vu©Pma&;okH;wef wifNyD; wGifwGif ½IvkdufvkdY 0dyóemÓPfawGu &ifhusufcJh&if bmjzpfrvJ¿
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tJ'Dvkd 0dyóemÓPfawGjzifh twdwfç tem*wfç ypöKyÜefç tZÑwåç A[d'¨ç MoVm&duç okckrç [Deç yPDwç 'l&ç oEÅduvkdY ac:qkdtyfwJh (11)rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh wnfaewJh 'DcE¨mig;yg;awGukd wGif wGifBuD; 0dyóem½IEkdifr,fqkd&if cE¨mig;yg;wkdYtay:rSm NiD;aiGUvmr,f? &GHrkef;vmr,f? pufqkyfvmr,f? NiD;aiGUcJh&if edAÁdE´ÓPfawG &ifhoefcJhr,f qkd&if wpfenf;tm;jzifh 0dyóemÓPfawGtm;vkH; &ihfusufcJhr,fqkd&if 0dyóemÓPfwkdY&JUtqkH;rSm r*fÓPf ay:vmr,f? xkdtqifhqifhaom r*fÓPfawGu qkdif&m qkdif&m udavomawGudk tqifhqifh y,fowf vkdufwJhtcgrSm aemufqkH; wPSm&m*onf vkH;0csKyfNidrf;oGm;r,f? wPSm csKyfNidrf;cJh&if wPSmOD;aqmifwJh udavomtm;vkH;vnf; csKyfNidrf;oGm; NyD/
&m*ukef&if t&[wåzkdvf qkdufNyD/ t&[wåzkdvf qkdufwJhtcgrSm udavomwkdYrS vGwfajrmufoGm;NyD/ udavomwkdYrS vGwfajrmufcJh&if ig udavomwkdYrS vGwfajrmuf&ayNyDqkdwJh todÓPfawG ypöa0u©Pm aZmawG apmvmawmhr,f/ tJ'D ypöa0u©PmaZmwkdY&JUtqkH;rSm ig[m y#doaE¨aerIawGukefNyD? igonf omoemawmfü usifhoifhusifhxkdufwJh r*ftusifhukd usihfNyD;NyD? omoemawmfü jyKoifhjyKxkdufwJh r*fudpöukdvnf; igjyKNyD;NyD? aemufxyfwpfzef 'D t&d,mr*fÓPf &&SdzkdY&eftwGuf igh twGuf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfzkdY&ef r&SdawmhNyDqkdwm 'DtcsdeftcgrSm ukd,f wkdifodoGm;NyDvkdY 'Dvkd bk&m;&Sifu a'oemukd tqkH;owfvkdufw,f/
tJ'gaMumifh rdrdwkdYu t&[wåzkdvfayguf edAÁmefukd tvkd&SdcJhygw,f qkd&if bmvkyf&rvJ¿ -- twdwfç tem*wfç ypöKyÜefç tZÑwåç A[d'¨ç MoVm&duç okckrç [Deç yPDwç 'l&ç oEÅdu ac:wJh (11)rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifhwnfaewJh 'DcE¨mig;yg;awGukd bmvkyf&rvJ¿ tedpö 'ku© tewå vu©Pma&;okH;wef wifNyD;awmh wGifwGifBuD; 0dyóem ½I&r,f? cE¨mig;yg;oufoufvm;¿ r[kwfbl;? taMumif;w&m;ESifhwuG yJ/ taMumif;w&m;ESifhwuG 'D (11)rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh wnf aewJh cE¨mig;yg;ukd tedpö 'ku© tewå vu©Pma&;okH;wef wifNyD; wGifwGifBuD; 0dyóem½IEkdifcJhr,fqkd&if t&[wåzkdvfayguf a&mufEkdif w,fvkdY jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu 'D*'´KvA'¨okwåefrSm a[mMum;xm;awmf rlygw,f/
'gaMumifh 'Da'oemawmfukd OD;xdyf&Guf yefqifNyD;awmh usifhMuH BudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfEkdifMuygapvkdY qkawmif;&if; w&m;odrf;MupkdY/

w&m;a'oemawmfed*Hk;

[dwGm umar yAÁZðok? oaEÅm *rÇD&pdEÅum/
aw wkarSysEkodu©ma0Sg? yAÁZdwm okayovm/
oaEÅm = bk&m;tvsm yapöumESifh t&d,mtEG,favmif; [dk wdkYaU&Suolawmfaumif;wdkYonf/
*rÇD&pdEÅum = eufeJonfh "mwfoabmawGudk eufeJpGm MuHqif tMuH aumif; 0ifawmfrlMuukefonfjzpfí/
umar = a&S;ujyKzef ukodkvfuHwdkY pDrHaxmufr vufa&muf &om; rsm;vSZeD;onf BuD;BuD;i,fESifh ESD;EG,fa&m,l udk,fawmfwdkY ydkifoonfh umr0w¬KtpkpkwdkYudk/
[dwGm = igwdkYydkifjim; þumrw&m;wdkYonf trsm;ESifh qufqH ab;awGu 0ef;&H &efawGu ajrmufjrm; wu,fudk aMumufvefYzG,fawGygwum;[k aMumuftm;awmf ÓPf<u,f vGwfvGwfBuD; pGefYy,fawmfrlMuukefonf jzpfí/
yAÁZðok = C&m0go orÁm"[k udpörsm;ajrmif vlwdkYabmif 0#f aESmifudk vGwfatmifMuHK;vsuf ½kef;uefxGufí ESpf ouf&Tifvef; &Sif&[ef; jyKí awmxGufawmfrlMu avukefNyD/
wkarSyd = jrwfaeu©r® "mwftmo,[k qE´udef;atmif; oif olawmfaumif;wdkYonfvnf;yJ/
yAÁZdwm = 0w¬Kumr [lorQrS r&t& MuHK;vsuf ½kef;uef xGuf Muukefonfjzpfí/
okayovm = pmr&Dom; NrD;zsm;ckHrif ykHtoGifodkY cspfcifav;jrwf ESpfouftyfaom oDv udk,fpDudk,fi &SdMuukefonf jzpfí/
aw = xdkbk&m;tvsm yapöumESifh t&d,mtEG,favmif; [dk wdkYaU&Su olawmfaumif;wdkYudk/
tEkodu©ma0Sg = twkvdkufum usifhwwf&mudk usifhumraoG .. tm;xkwfEdkifMuygapukefownf; .../
om"k om"k om"kygbk&m; . . .