rm&fewfESifhrm&fpdwf
t&Sifbk&m; . . .
rm&fewfqdkonfrSm oD;jcm;wnf&Sdaom ewfwpfyg; r[kwfbJ cE¨mudk,f&Sd tm½kHig;yg;udk ac:jcif;jzpfonf[k xifygonf/ [kwfr[kwf ajzMum;ay;awmfrlygbk&m;/
armifpHvGif? r*Fvm'HkjrdKUe,f/
'umpHvGifa& ....
'umpHvGif&JU ar;cGef;udk zwfvdkuf&w,fqdk&ifyJ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif&JU *kPfawmf rsm;pGmxJu]Zde*kPfawmf} udk csufcsif;owd&vdkufrdygw,f/ ]Zde} qdkwm ]rm&fig;yg;ukd atmifjrifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;} vdkY t"dyÜm,f&ygw,f/
]bkef;awmfajcmufyg;eJY jynfhpHkawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;} vkYd trsm;pk odxm;MuwJh ]b*0g*kPfawmf} &JU wjcm;t"dyÜg,fwpfckuawmh ]rm&fig;yg;udk atmifjrifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;} ygyJ/
rm&fqdkwm ]rm&} qdkwJh ygVduae qif;oufvmwJh ygVd oufjrefrma0g[m&wpfckyg/ ]rm&} qdkwm ]aojcif;? aoapjcif;} vdkY t"dyÜm,f&ygw,f/ aowwfwJhoabm? aoatmifowfwwf wJhoabmudk rm& (rm&f) vdkY ac:ygw,f/ ] towform;} vdkYyJ qdkygawmh/ vludkowfwJh rm&fudk ]vlowform;}? pdwfudk owfwJh rm&fudk ]pdwfowform;} vdkY ac:Edkifygw,f/
vludkvnf;owf? pdwfudkvnf;owfwwfwJh rm&fu ig;yg;&Sdygw,f/
1. a'0ykwÅrm&f?
2. udavorm&f?
3. tbdocFg&rm&f?
4. cE¨rm&feJY
5. rpöKrm&fwdkYygyJ/
a'0ykwÅrm&fu ]ouf&Sdrm&f} jzpfjyD; usefwJh rm&fav;yg;uawmh ]oufrJhrm&f} jzpfygw,f/
]a'0ykwÅrm&f} qkdwm tm;vHk;odMuwJh rm&fewfom;udk ajymwmyg/ (a'0ykwÅ = ewfom;/) pwkr[m&mZf? wm0wðom? ,mrm? wkodwm? edr®me&wD? y&edr®dw0o0wÅDvdkY ewfjynfajcmuf xyf&SdwJhtxJrSm txufqHk;ewfjynfjzpfwJh y&edr®dw0o0wÅDewfjynfu jzpfygw,f/
]rm&fewfrif;} vdkY olYudk]rif;}wyfjyD;ajymMuayr,fh olu y&edr®dw0o0wÅDewfjynfudk pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyf&wJh t"duy"meewfrif;MuD; r[kwfygbl;/ t"dutMuD;qHk;ewfrif;u ]0o0wÅDewfrif;} &,fvdkY oD;jcm;&Sdygw,f/ rm&fewfuawmh tJ'Dewfjynf&JU ]pifjydKifrif;} vdkY ajym&rSmaygh/ ]olykefAdkvf? "m;jyAdkvf} vdkYajym&ifvnf; & ygw,f/ ]vlqdk;*kdPf;acgif;aqmif} .... tJav ....]ewfqdk;*kdPf;acgif;aqmif} vdkYajym&if ydkrSefr,fxifygw,f/ ]tzsuform;*dkPf;csKyf MuD;} ayghaemf/
rm&fewfu oHk;q,fhwpfbHkudkolY&JUykdifeufvdkY owfrSwfxm;ovdk avmuDtm½kHumr*kPfcsrf;omawG
udkvnf; olY&JUudk,fydkifypönf;awGvdkY ,lqxm;ygw,f/ umr*kPfMudKufwJhowÅ0gawGudkawmh olY&JUbufawmf
om;? olY&JUygwD0ifawGvdkY todtrSwfjyK xm;ygw,f/
olYydkifeufjzpfwJh oHk;q,fhwpfbHkrSm olYtoif;0ifjzpfwJh owÅ0gawGudk olydkifypönf;jzpfwJh avmuDtm½kHumr*kPfcsrf;omawGeJY cHpm;arGUaysmfaeMuwmyJ oljrifcsifygw,f/ oHo&musif vnfaMumif;tvkyfawGvkyfwmudkyJ olESpfjcdKufjyD; oHo&mvGwfajrmufaMumif;tvkyfawGvkyfwmudkawmh olvHk;0rabmrusygbl;/
&[ef;yk*¾dKvfyJjzpfjzpf? vlyk*¾dKvfyJjzpfjzpf? yk*¾dKvfwpfa,mufa,muf oHo&mjywfaMumif;tvkyfvkyfjyD
qdkwmeJY rm&fewfu tJ'Dyk*¾dKvf tJ'DtvkyfrvkyfEdkifatmif aESmifh,SufzsufqD;awmhwmygyJ/
olY&JUaESmifh,SufrIatmifjrifoGm;&if tJ'Dyk*¾dKvf oHo&murvGwfawmhygbl;/ oHo&murvGwf&if b0rsm;pGm xyfumxyfumao&ygOD;r,f/ tJ'Dvdkao&wm[m rm&fewfaMumifhjzpfvdkY aoatmifvkyf&ma&muf
wJh rm&fewfudk ]rm& = rm&f = owfjzwf ol? n§Of;yef;ESdyfpufol} vdkYac:ygw,f/
]udavorm&f} qdkwmuawmh wpfaxmifhig;&m udavomw&m;awGudk ajymwmyg/ avmb? a'go? rmefrme? £óm? rpä&d, tp&SdwJh udavomw&m;awG[m olwdkYudk vufcHxm;ol &JUpdwfudk ylavmifatmif? npfEGrf;atmif? yifyef;qif;&Jatmif n§Of;yef;ESdyfpufwwfwJhtwGufaMumifha&m? olwdkY&SdaeorQ oHo&m u rvGwfbJ wpfaownf;aoae&OD;rSm jzpfwJhtwGufaMumifha&m udavomw&m;awGudk ]rm& = rm&f} vdkY ac:ygw,f/
]tbdocFg&rm&f} qdkwmuawmh jyKvkyftm;xkwfxm;wJh ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHawGudk ajymwmyg/ (tbdocFg& = jyKvkyf tm;xkwfrI/) ukodkvfuHaMumifh aumif;wJhok*wdb0a&mufr,f/ tukodkvfuHaMumifh raumif;wJh 'k*¾wdb0a&mufr,f/ b,fb0yJa&mufa&muf? a&muf&mb0rSm ao&rSmjzpfwJhtwGuf b0topf xyfjzpfapwJh ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuH? uHrSeforQudk ]rm& =rm&f} vdkY ac:ygw,f/
]cE¨rm&f} qdkwmuawmh ½kyfcE¨mudk,fMuD;ygyJ/ b,f½kyfcE¨m udk,fyJjzpfjzpf? cE¨mydkif&Sifudk y#doaE¨'ku©? tdkem'ku©awGeJY n§Of;yef; ESdyfpufwwfwJhtjyif aemufqHk;rSm aojcif;'ku©eJY tem;owfay;wJhtwGuf ½kyfcE¨mudk,fMuD;udk ]rm& = rm&f} vdkY ac:ygw,f/
]rpöKrm&f} qdkwmuawmh aojcif;w&m;ygyJ/ aojcif;w&m;[m aocgeD;owÅ0gudk a&m*ga0'em'PfeJY
vnf;ESdyfpufwwf? ouf&SdoufrJhoHa,mZOfawGeJY cGJcGm&r,fhta&; awG;jyD; yl aqG;wJh pdwfqif;&JrI'PfeJYvnf; ESdyfpufwwf? vm;&m*wdaumif;zdkYraocsmvdkY ylyefwJhaMumuf&GHUrI'PfeJYvnf; ESdyfpufwwfvdkY aojcif;w&m;udk ]rm& = rm&f} vdkY ac:ygw,f/ oludk,fwdkifudku aoatmifowfwwfvdkYvnf; ]rm& = rm&f} vdkY ac:ygw,f/
tJ'D rm&fig;yg;xJu wpfyg;wnf;aom ouf&Sdrm&fjzpfwJh rm&fewf[m olaexdkif&m y&edr®dw0o0wÅDewfjynfuae vlYjynfudk cPcPqif;qif;vmjyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifukda&m? jrwfpGmbk&m; &Sif&JU wynfhom;orD;awGudkyg enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;eJY taESmifht,Suf ay;avh&Sdygw,f/
jrwfpGmbk&m;tavmif;awmf awmxGufwJhnu ....
]toifrif;om;? awmrxGufygeJY? aemufckepf&ufMum&if pMum&wem qdkufygvdrfhr,f/ toifrif;om; pMumrif;jzpfawmhrSmav? tckvdk qHyifav;awGrnf;eufjyD; i,f&nfi,faoG; awmufyaewJhtcsdefqdkwm umr*kPfpnf;pdrfawG jrdefYjrdefYMuD;cHpm;&if; jidrfhae&r,fhtcsdefav rif;om;&JU? w&m;tm;xkwfw,fqdkwm tdkrif;&GwfwGjyD; avmurSm oHk;r&wJht&G,fusrS vkyf&r,fhtvkyfr[kwfvm;? aemufaMumif;jyefvSnfhyg? awmrxGufygeJY}
vdkY rm&fewfuwm;jrpfcJhygw,f/ (rm&fewf0g'udk MudKufwJhvlawG avmurSmtrsm;MuD;&Sdr,f xifyg&JU/)
jrwfpGmbk&m; bk&m;jzpfwJhtcgrSmvnf; ....
]t&Sifbk&m;? t&Sifbk&m;[m bk&m;jzpfzkdY yg&rDawG jznfhcJhwm? tck bk&m;jzpfjyDav? odp&mtm;vHk; tukefodwJhb0a&mufjyD? awmfjyDaygh? bmjzpfvdkY jrdKUwum &GmtESHY vSnfhjyD; w&m;a[maeOD;rSmvJ? udk,fhudpö udk,fhtusKd; jyD;jyDyJ? y&dedAÁmefpHwm taumif;qHk;aygh? tckyJ y&dedAÁmefpHvdkufygawmh}
vdkY rm&fewfu owÅ0gawG olYydkifeufxJu vGwfxGufoGm;rSm pdk;&drfwJhpdwfeJY wdkufwGef;cJhygw,f/
rm&fewf[m tawG;tac:aumif;wJh yk*¾Kdvfwpfa,mufvnf;jzpfavawmh olaESmifh,SufjyDqdk&if trsm;tm;jzifh oabmw&m;awG? 'óeawGeJY pdwf"mwfppfqifa&;vkyfjyD; aESmifh,Sufwmrsm;ygw,f/ wapäol&Ja,mifaqmifjyD; ajcmufvSefYwmrsKd;? qifMurf;a,mifaqmif? a>rMurf;a,mifaqmifjyD; jyL;wl;jyJwJ ajcmufvSefYwmrsKd;vnf; &Sdav&JU/
jrwfpGmbk&m; bk&m;jzpfr,fh naewkef;uawmh vuf½kH;tm;? vufeuftm;? ppfonfAkdvfyg tjcHt&Htm;awG tMuD;tus,foHk;jyD; tjyif;txef aESmifh,SufcJhygw,f/ rkefwdkif;vufeuf? rdk;vufeuf? ausmufcJrdk;vufeuf? "m;vSHrdk;vufeuf? rD;usD;rdk;vuf euf? jymylrdk;vufeuf? oJylrdk;vufeuf? nGefylrdk;vufeuf? tarSmifwdkufvufeuf? vufeufMuD; udk;rsKd;? aemufqHk; tPkjrLAkH;xuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm jyif;xefwJh rdk;MudK;pufvufeuf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;[m bk&m;jzpfwJhaeYrSmyJ aAm"dyifeJYa&Tyv’ifrSm rm&fig;yg;udk t<uif;rJh atmifjrifawmfrlcJhygw,f/ a'0ykwÅrm&fudkawmh arwÅmwefcdk;? yg&rDawmfwefcdk;eJY atmifjrifawmfrlcJhygw,f/ udavomrm&feJY tbdocFg&rm&fudkawmh t&[wÅr*fwef cdk;eJY atmifjrifcJhygw,f/ cE¨rm&feJY rpöKrm&fudkawmh taMumif;jzpfwJh udavorm&feJY tbdocFg&rm&fudk atmifjrifjcif;tm;jzifh atmifjrifcJhygw,f/
rm&fig;yg;rSm udavorm&fudk atmifEdkifzdkYu t"duyg/ udavomuif;ae&if rm&fewf&efvnf; aMumufp&mrvdkawmhygbl;/ udavomuif;ae&if ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHvnf; rjzpfawmhygbl;/ uHrSr&Sd&if b0vnf; xyfrjzpfawmhvdkY cE¨mvnf; r&awmhygbl;/ cE¨mr&rSawmh aojcif;w&m;eJYvnf; &ifqdkifp&m rvdkawmhbl;aygh/
aumif;wmvkyf&if aESmifh,Sufcsifwm rm&fewf&JU tusifhp½dkufyg/ tckacwfrSm olwpfyg;aumif;wmvkyfwmudk aESmifh,Suf [efYwm;wJhol? ouFef;ta&jcHKjyD; avmuD0dZÆm *E¨m&Dtvkyfvkyfol? ax&0g'ppfppfxJrSm [dk0g'a&mxnfh? 'D0g'a&mxnfheJY tkwfa&ma&m ausmufa&ma&m jzpfatmifvkyfol? omoemjyKvkyfief; wdk;wufatmifjrifrIudk aESmifhaES;atmifvkyfolawGudk ]rm&fewfawG} vdkY wifpm;jyD; ac:Edkifygw,f/ rm&fewfawGvdkY rwifpm;csifbl;qdk&ifvnf; ]rm&fewf&JU ygwD0ifawG} vdkY >cif;csufr&Sd owfrSwfEdkif ygw,f/
OD;Zif;&JU ]tcspfuHacayr,fh tESpfusefap&r,f} qdkwJh aqmif;yg;tifwmAsL;*sme,frSm ygvmjyD;aemufydkif; wcsKdUvli,fawGu ]tcspftaMumif;av;awG xyfa&;ygOD;} vkdY awmif;qdkvmMuygw,f/ wpfenf; ....tcRefeJY 0dkif;r ç vmMuygw,f/
tck rm&fewftaMumif;ajym&if; pum;pyfvdkY ]tcspf} udk t"dyÜm,fwpfrsKd; zGifhyg&ap/ tcspfqdkwm wPSm? wPSmqdkwm udavom? udavomqdkwm rm&f? 'Dawmh tcspf[mvnf; rm&fyJaygh/ rm&fqdk&if owfawmhr,fav/ ( arwÅmudk &nfnTef;wJhtcspfudk rqdkvdkygbl;/ tJ'Dtcspfuawmh wpfzufom;&JU aumif;usKd;udk vdkvm;wJhpdwfoufoufygyJ/ tck[mu wG,fwmaESmifzGJUwJhtcspf udk qdkvdkwmyg/)
]tcspfqdkwm ESvHk;om;eJYb0udk owfjzwfzsufqD;ypfwwfwJh rm&fewfwpfyg;ygyJ/ jzLpifoefY&Sif; at;csrf;MunfvifwJhpdwf"mwfawG? tuefYtowfrJh b0wdk;wufrIawGudk aESmifhaES;&yfwefY csKyfqHk;oGm;apwJht&m[m tcspfygyJ} vdkY t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdk&if tcspfrSm aysmf0ifepfjrKyfwdrf;rl;axG,pfcsifwJh tcspfMuD;olawG pdwfrsm;qdk;avrvm;/ ]aeq,fpif;xuf jyif;w,f? rif; rm&fewfrif;&JU orD;vm;} qdkwJh oDcsif;pmom;&,f? ]rif; ighudk owfw,f} qdkwJh oDcsif;pmom;&,fudk oGm;&if;vm&if; Mum;zl;ovdkvdkygyJ/
rm&fewf&JU tEÅ&m,fxuf rm&fpdwf ( udavompdwf)&JU tEÅ&m,fu ydkjyD; aMumufp&maumif;wmrdkY rm&fewfudk wGef;vSef EdkifzdkYxuf rm&fpdwfudk wGef;jzKdEdkifzdkYu ydkjyD;ta&;MuD;ygw,fvdkY ..../