tESdkif;rJhqif;&J

• owå0gawG[m aeUpOfeJItrQ aeUa&mnyg
0rf;ydkuf&JU tvdkudkvdkufaeMu&ygw,f/
0rf;ydkuf&JU vdktifqE´udk
jznfhay;aeMu&ygw,f/
0rf;ydkufcdkif;orQ vkyfaeMu&ygw,f/
'gaMumifh owå0gtm;vHk;[m
0rf;ydkuf&JU wrefawmfawG
0rf;ydkuf&JU aus;uRefawmfawG jzpfMuygw,f/
• udk,f0goemrygwJhtvkyf
udk,fhb0&JU rvkyfrjzpf ta&;BuD;wJhtvkyfawGudk
vkyfvdkUaumif;aewkef;&Sdao;
cE¨mu pm;csifw,fqdkawmh pm;ay;&jyefNyD?
cE¨mu pGefUcsifw,fqdkawmh pGefUay;&jyefNyD?
cE¨mu ylw,fqdkawmh at;atmifvkyfay;&jyefNyD?
udk,fhtvkyfudkawmif aumif;aumif;ajzmifhjzmifh rvkyf&bl;/
awmfawmftvkyf&SkyfwJh cE¨m?
awmfawmfjyóem&SmwJh cE¨m?
• &[EÅmjzpfoGm;wmawmif
cE¨m0efxrf;aqmif&wJh qif;&Ju
rvGwfajrmufao;ygbl;/
edAÁLpHMuG cE¨m0efcsawmhrSyJ vGwfajrmufygw,f/
cE¨mtopfxyfrjzpfawmhwJh aocsif;rsdK;eJU
raorcsif;tNrJwrf; tcsdefjynfhawGUBuHKcHpm;&r,fhqif;&JjzpfvdkU
cE¨m0efxrf;&jcif;qif;&J[m
tqdk;0g;qHk;qif;&Jjzpfygw,f/

avmurSm &Sd&SdorQ qif;&Jtm;vHk;xJrSm cE¨mqif;&J?odkYr[kwf cE¨m0efxrf;&jcif;qif;&J[m tEIdif;rJhqif;&J jzpfygw,f/ bmvdkYvJqdkawmh cE¨m0efxrf;&jcif; qif;&JxufydkjyD; owå0g awGudk ESdyfpufwwfygw,f? wl;jzdKzsufqD;wwfygw,fvdkY EIdif;,SOfp&m? tpm;xdk;p&m? xyfwljyKp&m wjcm;qif;&J r&SdawmhvdkYygyJ/
cE¨m0efxrf;&jcif;qif;&JeJY vJvS,foifh? vJvS,fxdkufwJhwjcm;qif;&J avmurSm r&SdawmhwJhtwGuf cE¨m0efxrf;&jcif;qif;&J[m tEIdif;rJhqif;&J jzpf&ygw,f/
um,uH&Sif&JU udk,fpdwfESpfyg;udk ESdyfpufwwfwJhoabm? um,uH&Sif&JU b0udk wl;jzdKzsufqD;wwfwJhoabmudk qif;&J ('ku©)vdkYac:ygw,f/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh pufqkyf&GHrkef;p&maumif;wJhoabm? tm;udk;tm;xm;p&m raumif;wJhoabmudk qif;&J('ku©)vdkY ac:ygw,f/ tvG,fqHk;ajym&&ifawmh qif;&J ('ku©) qdkwm raumif;wJhoabmygyJ/
owå0gawG&JU udk,fpdwfESpfyg;eJY b0udk ESdyfpufzsufqD;wwfwJh pufqkyf&GHrkef;p&m qif;&J'ku©awG tm;vHk;xJrSm cE¨m0efxrf;&jcif; qif;&J[m tqdk;0g;qHk;qif;&J? aMumufrufzG,f taumif;qHk;qif;&J jzpfygw,f/ bmvkdYvJqdkawmh cE¨m0efxrf;&jcif;qif;&J[m cE¨m&SdaeorQ tcsdefwdkif; &SdaevdkY? tcsdefjynfh &SdaevdkYygyJ/
avmurSm qeftdwfpwhJ av;av;yifyif0efxkyfawGudk xrf;ydk;o,faqmifjyD; toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyK&wJh 0efxkyfxrf;orm;awG? ulvDxrf;orm;awG &SdMuygw,f/ olwdkYxrf;&wJh 0efxkyfawG[m av;vHvGef;vdkY tm;aumif;armif;oef a,musfm;MuD;awGyJ xrf;EkdifMuygw,f/
'gayrhJ b,favmuf av;vHwJh 0efxkyfudkyJjzpfjzpf wpfrdepf? ESpfrdepfponf rdepfydkif;avmufyJ xrf;Mu&ygw,f/ wpfem&D? ESpfem&Dponf? wpfaeYvHk;? ESpfaeYvHk;ponf tcsdeftMumMuD; xrf;rxm;Mu&ygbl;? tjrJwrf; xrf;rxm;Mu&ygbl;/ wu,fvdkY tjrJwrf; xrf;xm;&r,fqdk&ifvnf; aozdkYyJ &Sdygw,f/
rdepfydkif;avmuf 0efxkyfMuD;xrf;xm;&wmawmif tifrwef yifyef;qif;&Jygw,f/ cs&r,fhae&ma&mufvdkY 0efxkyfMuD; ypfcsvdkuf&wJhtcgusrSyJ cE¨mudk,fayghyg;jyD; aeomxdkifom&SdoGm;ygw,f/ pdwfoufom&m pdwfcsrf;om&m &oGm;ygw,f/
cE¨m0efxkyfusawmh ulvDxrf;orm;awGxrf;&wJh 0efxkyfrsKd;eJYrwlygbl;/ tcsdeftuefYtowfeJY xrf;&wJh0efxkyfr[kwfbJ tcsdefjynfhxrf;&wJh 0efxkyfjzpfaeygw,f/ cE¨m0efxrf;orm;wpfa,muftaeeJY cE¨m0efxkyf ypfcsxm;&r,fh tcsdef? tem;,l&r,fh tcsdefqdkvdkY acwåcPav;awmif r&Sdygbl;/ tm;csdefr&Sd? em;csdefr&Sd tcsdef&SdorQ puúefYwdkif; cE¨m0efxkyfudk xrf;ydk;&Gufaqmifae&ygw,f/
udk,f&xm;wJhcE¨mav; usef;rmatmif? csrf;omatmif? ysufpD;aoqHk;roGm;bJ wnfjrJ&Sifoefaeatmif enf;trsKd;rsKd;eJY jyKpkarG;jrLjyD; cE¨m0efxrf;ae&ygw,f/ wcsKdUqdk udk,hfcE¨m0efwpfckwnf; xrf;&wmeJY tm;r&vdkY olrsm;cE¨m0efawGyg tiSm;,ljyD;tqpfydkxrf;aeMuygao;w,f/
rdepfydkif;? em&Dydkif;avmufvnf; r[kwfbl;? vydkif;? ESpfydkif;avmufvnf;r[kwfbl;? toufeJYcE¨m tdk;pm;ruJGbJ wnfjrJaeorQ b0wpfoufwmvHk; raorcsif; xrf;aeMu&ygw,f/
'Db0usrS xrf;&wmvm;qdkawmh r[kwfygbl;/ ra&rwGufEkdifwJh urÇmaygif;toacsFteEÅ tprxifoHo&mu pjyD;awmh xrf;vmcJhMu&wmyg/ 'Db0ao&if xrf;jcif;udpö jyD;jyDvm;qdkawmh rjyD;ao;ygbl;/ &[EÅmtjzpfeJY cE¨y&dedAÁmef rpHrcsif; b0wdkif; xrf;aeMu&OD;rSmyg/
&[EÅmjzpfoGm;wmawmif cE¨m0efxrf;aqmif&wJh qif;&Ju rvGwfajrmufao;ygbl;/ edAÁLpH<u cE¨m0efcsawmhrSyJ vGwfajrmufygw,f/ cE¨mtopf xyfrjzpfawmhwJh aojcif;rsKd;eJY raorcsif; tjrJwrf; tcsdefjynfh awGUMuHKcHpm;&r,fh qif;&JjzpfvdkY cE¨m0efxrf;&jcif;qif;&J[m tEIdif;rJhqif;&J jzpf&ygw,f/
udk,fhcE¨m y#doaE¨aeaepOfwkef;uawmh udk,fh&JUcE¨m0efudk udk,fhrdb t"dutm;jzifh udk,fhrdcifuxrf;aqmifay;cJhygw,f/ toGm;tvm? taetxdkif qifjcifwmutp? tpm; taomufqifjcifwmtv,f? cE¨maumif;aumif;av;jzpfvmzdkY ukodkvfaumif;rIjyKay;wmtqHk;? udk,fh&JUcE¨m0efudk udk,fh&JUudk,fpm; rdcifzcifaus;Zl;&SifwdkYu xrf;aqmifay;cJhMuygw,f/
arG;zGm;jyD;vdkY udk,fhcE¨m0efudk udk,frxrf;aqmifEkdifao;wJht&G,frSmvnf; trdtz? tpfudktpfrpwJh vlMuD;awGu arwåmapwemtjynfheJY udk,fh&JUcE¨m0efudk pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf xrf;aqmifay;cJhMuygw,f/ EdkYcsKdwdkufauR;wmutp tnpftaMu; okwfoifay;wmtqHk;aygh/
tcsdefweft&G,f&vdkY vlrSef;odwwfvmwJhtcgrSmawmhudk,fh&JUcE¨m0efudk udk,fwwfEdkifoavmufuaepjyD; udk,fudk,fwdkifyJxrf;aqmif&ygawmhw,f/ aeYpOfeJYtrQygyJ/
reuftdyf&mxwJhtcsdefupjyD;awmh rsufESmopfay;&?oGm;wdkufay;&? a&csKd;ay;&? pm;p&maomufp&mawG jyKvkyfay;&?pm;aomufay;&? 0wfp&mqifp&mawG pDrHay;&? 0wfqifay;&? aep&mxdkifp&mawG zefwD;ay;&? aexdkifay;&? usifMuD;usifi,fpGefYxkwfay;&? oefY&Sif;ay;&? vufonf;ajconf;&Snfvmjyefawmh n§yfay;&? qHyif&Snfvmjyefawmh jzwfay;&? &dwfay;&?acgif;avQmfay;&/
wpfaeYwpfaeYxrf;aqmifvdkuf&wJh cE¨m0ef? wpfaeYwpfaeY cHvdkuf&wJh cE¨mqif;&J? enf;rSrenf;ygyJvm;/ awmfMum [kd[m vkyfay;ygOD;qdk [kd[m xvkyfay;&? awmfMum 'D[m vkyfay;ygOD;qdk 'D[m xvkyfay;&? em;rSrem;&ygyJvm;/
udk,f0goemygwJhtvkyf? udk,fhb0&JUrvkyfrjzpf ta&;MuD;wJh tvkyfawGudk vkyfvdkYaumif;aewkef;&Sdao;? cE¨mu pm;csifw,fqdkawmh pm;ay;&jyefjyD? cE¨mu pGefYcsifw,fqdkawmh pGefYay;&jyefjyD? cE¨mu ylw,fqdkawmh at;atmif vkyfay;&jyefjyD? cE¨muat;w,fqdkawmh aEG;atmif vkyfay;&jyefjyD? udk,fhtvkyfudkawmif aumif;aumif;ajzmifhajzmifh rvkyf&bl;/ awmfawmftvkyf½IyfwJhcE¨m? awmfawmfjyóem&SmwJh cE¨m/
xdkifwmMumawmh anmif;vdkY &yfay;&? &yfwmMumawmh anmif;vdkY oGm;ay;&? oGm;wmMumawmh anmif;vdkY avsmif;ay;&? avsmif;wmMumawmh anmif;vdkY xdkifay;&? £&d,mykwfav;yg; wpfyg;anmif;wdkif; wpfyg;ajymif;jyD; jyKjyifay;ae&wmuvnf; qif;&J'ku©wpfrsKd;/ £&d,mykwfwpfyg;twGif;rSmudkyJ oufoufomom&SdatmifqdkjyD; auG;vdkuf? qefYvdkuf? apmif;vdkuf? vIyfvdkufvkyf&wmawG trsm;MuD;ygao;w,f/
oGm;wJhvmwJhtcg cvkwfrxd? ql;rjidatmif *½kpkduf&?vkyfwJhudkifwJhtcg rxdrdrcdkufrdatmif aMumifhMu&? ab;&eftEÅ&m,frawGUatmif? tema&m*grjzpfatmif owdxm;&? 'Davmufowdxm;aewJhMum;xJu ab;&eftEÅ&m,fwpfckck awGUvmjyD? tema&m*gwpfckck jzpfvmjyDqdk&if vGwfajrmufatmifMudK;pm;&? aysmufuif;atmif uko&eJY? b0wpfoufwmrSm tcsdefeJYtrQ xrf;aqmifae&wJh cE¨m0efawG[m ajymjyvdkYrukefEdkifatmifudk rsm;jym;vGef;vSygw,f/
xrf;aqmifae&orQ cE¨m0efawGxJrSm tyifyef; tqif;&JqHk;? 0eftav;qHk;uawmh pm;aomufa&;0efvdkYac:wJh 0rf;a&;0efygyJ/ tpmtm[m& jznfhwif;ay;ae&wJh 0rf;a&;0efxkyf[m tMuD;av;qHk; cE¨m0efxkyfyg/ olYxuf ydkESdyfpufwwfwJh cE¨m0efxkyf r&Sdawmhygbl;/
vlom;tygt0if owå0gawGtm;vHk; aexGufu ae0if? ae0ifu aexGuf? rdk;vif;u rdk;csKyf? rdk;csKyfu rdk;vif; ½kef;uefvIyf&Sm; ajy;vTm;oGm;vm &SmazGaeMu&wm[m t"dutm;jzifh cE¨m&JU 0rf;a&;0efxkyfudk ajz&Sif;zdkYtwGufygyJ/
wpfcgwkef;u yGJawmfpm (xrif;)udk wcrf;wem; pm;jyavh&SdwJh abmZeok'd¨uqdkwJh &Sifbk&ifMuD;wpfyg; &SdcJhzl;ygw,f/ol[m yGJawmfpmxrif;udk eef;awmfxJrSm pm;avhr&Sdygbl;/ eef;awmfwHcg;0u wcrf;wem; wefqmqifxm;wJh r@yfMuD;xJrSmyJ pm;avh&Sdygw,f/
&wemr@yfMuD;xJu xD;jzLtkyfrdk;xm;wJh a&Tom;yuwd &mZyv’ifay:rSm rif;aoG;rif;EG,f rif;orD;tacsmtvSawGjcH&HjyD; wpfodef;wef a&TcGufeJY wpfodef;wef &omrGeftpm;tpmawGudk jrdef,SufpGm pm;jyygw,f/
olY&JU&nf&G,fcsufuawmh oltckvdk wcrf;wem;eJY trGeftjrwfpm;aomufae&wJh pnf;pdrfcsrf;omudk vma&mufMunfh½IvdkY jrifawGUMu&wJh wdkif;oljynfolawG[m olYudktm;usjyD; ukodkvfaumif;rIawG jyKvkyfMuvdrfhr,fqdkwJh &nf&G,fcsufygyJ/ <um;csif0gcsifvdkY r[kwfygbl;? jrifawGU&olawG ukodkvfjyKcsifpdwf xufoefapcsifvdkYyg/ ukodkvfaumif;rI&JU tusdK;qufaMumifh tckvdkpm;EkdifaomufEdkifwm r[kwfvm;/
wpfaeY &Sifbk&ifMuD; yGJawmfwnfaewJh tcsdef? yGJawmfwnfwmudk vmMunfhMuwJh y&dowfxJu trsdK;om;wpfa,muf[m &Sifbk&if yGJawmfwnfwmudk Munfh&if; Munfh&if;eJY &Sifbk&ifhyGJawmfpmudk pm;csifwJhpdwfawG tirf;r& wzGm;zGm; ay:aygufvmygw,f/
yGJawmfpm pm;csifwJhpdwfudk b,fvdkrS rsKdodyfrxm;EdkifawmhwJh tJ'DtrsKd;om;[m tMuHwpfck&wmeJY ykqdk;udk jrJatmif0wf? vufESpfzufudk tay:ajr§mufjyD; ....
]]tdk ...y&dowftaygif;wdkY? uREfkyf[m wrefawmfyg? uREkfyf[m wrefawmfyg}}
vdkY toHukef[pfatmf&if; rif;MuD;&Sd&m ae&mudk wef;wef;rwfrwf avQmufoGm;ygw,f/ vltkyfMuD;uvnf; ]wrefawmf}vdkY qdkwJhtwGufaMumifh olYudk rwm;jrpfbJ vrf;z,fay;vdkufMuygw,f/
rif;MuD;a&SUarSmuf a&mufw,fqdk&ifyJ bmrajym nmrajymeJY yGJawmfcGufxJuae xrif;wpfvkwf qkyf,ljyD; yg;pyfxJ tirf;r& xnfhvdkufygawmhw,f/
rif;MuD;&JUtem;rSm toifhapmifhaewJh udk,f&Hawmf oefvsufpGJu olYudkacgif;jzwfzdkY oefvsuf&G,fvdkufwmudk rif;MuD;u [efYwm;xm;vdkufygw,f/
]]rjzwfygeJY ...? pm;ygap}}
]]tarmifvkvif...? raMumufeJYaemf? pm;ompm;? 0atmif pm;? jynfhpHkatmifpm;}}
rif;MuD;u yGJawmfqufrwnfawmhbJ vufaq;jyD; olxrif;pm;wmudkyJ ab;uae tm;ay;&if; xdkifMunfhaevdkufygw,f/ xrif;pm;jyD;oGm;awmhvnf; rdrdaomufaeus a&TcGufeJY a&wdkufvdkufygao;w,f/ NyD;awmhrS....
]]tarmifvkvif? tarmifvkvifu udk,fhudk,fudk wrefawmfygvdkY ajymw,f? b,folY&JU wrefawmfygvJ? b,f&Sifbk&if b,frif;jrwf&JU wrefawmfygvJ}}
]]rSefvSyg t&Sifrif;MuD;? uRefawmfrsKd;[m wjcm;b,fbk&ifrif;jrwf&JUwrefawmfrS r[kwfygbl;/ 0rf;Adkuf&JU wrefawmfyg/ 0rf;Adkufwnf;[laom bk&ifrif;jrwf&JU wrefawmfyg}}
]]t&Sifrif;MuD;? uRefawmfrsKd;tay: trsufawmfr&SvdkufygeJY/ uRefawmfrsKd;ajymr,fhpum;udk taotcsm tav;teufqifjcifoHk;oyfMunfhyg}}
]]owå0gawG[m 'D0rf;Adkuf&JU tusKd;twGufyJ aeYpOfeJYtrQ ½kef;uefvIyf&Sm; ajy;oGm;azG&Sm aeMu&ygw,f/ 0rf;AdkuftwGufqdk&if b,favmufa0;wJhae&mudkyJjzpfjzpf oGm;Mu&ygw,f/ b,favmuf&efolaygwJhae&m? b,favmuf ab;&eftEÅ&m,frsm;wJhae&mudkyJjzpfjzpf oGm;Mu&ygw,f}}
]]udk,fhudk 'ku©ay;r,fh&efolrSef; odayr,fhvnf; olYqDu&p&m&Sdwm&rS 0rf;Adkufudpötqifajyr,fqdk&if olYqDu awmif;p&m&Sdwmudk aMumufraetm;bJ t&JpGefY awmif;Mu&ygw,f}}
]]t&Sifrif;MuD;? owå0gawG[m aeYpOfeJYtrQ aeYa&mnyg0rf;Adkuf&JUtvdkudk vdkufaeMu&ygw,f/ 0rf;Adkuf&JUvdktifqE´udkjznfhqnf;ay;aeMu&ygw,f/ 0rf;Adkufcdkif;orQ vkyfaeMu&ygw,f/ 'ghaMumifh owå0gtm;vHk;[m 0rf;Adkuf&JUwrefawmfawG? 0rf;Adkuf&JUaus;uRefawG jzpfMuygw,f}}
]]owå0gtm;vHk;xJrSm wpfa,muftygt0ifjzpfwJh uRef awmfrsKd;[mvnf; 0rf;Adkuf&JU wrefawmfjzpfygw,f/ 0rf;Adkuf&JU aus;uRefjzpfygw,f/ 0rf;Adkufwnf;[laom t&Sifocif bk&ifrif;jrwfu ]oGm;pm;acsprf;}vdkY apckdif;vdkufwJhtwGufaMumifh t&Sifrif;MuD;&JU yGJawmfpmudk uRefawmfrsKd;vmjyD; ,lpm;rdjcif;jzpfygw,f? uRefawmfrsKd;tay: trsufawmfr&SvdkufygeJY t&Sifrif;MuD;}} csufusvufus avQmufxm;aewJh trsKd;om;&JUpum;udk abmZeok'd¨urif;MuD;u bk&m;avmif;yDyD tifrwef oabmus ESpfjcdKufoGm;ygw,f/ [kwfvdkufav? rSefvdkufavvdkY
vnf; wzGzGaxmufcHaeygw,f/
]]owå0gawG[m 0rf;Adkuf&JU wrefawmfawG? 0rf;Adkuf&JUaus;uRefawG}}qdkwJh tcsufwpfckwnf;eJYudk cE¨m&JU qif;&J'ku©u ay:vGifaewmrdkY cE¨mtjypfudk uGufuGufuGif;uGif; jrifatmif EIwfawGU? vufawGU (pmawGY? vufawGU) oifMum;ay;wJh tJ'D trsKd;om;udk abmZeok'd¨urif;MuD;u qkawmfvmbfawmfawG? pnf;pdrf;csrf;omawG trsm;MuD; csD;jr§ifhvdkufyg
w,f/ w&m;udkwefzdk;xm;vdkY w&m;udk ylaZmfwmygyJ/
½lyu©E¨m? a0'emu©E¨m? onmu©E¨m? ocFg&u©E¨m? 0dnmPu©E¨mvdkY cE¨mig;yg;&SdwJhtxJrSm tckajymcJhwJh cE¨m0efawGuawmh ½lyu©E¨mvdkYac:wJh ½kyfudk,fcE¨mMuD;&JU cE¨m0efawGygyJ/
udk,fqif;&J? pdwfqif;&Juif;atmif? udk,fcsrf;om? pdwfcsrf;omrIeJY xm0&jynfhpHkatmif jyKpkapmifha&Smuf ae&wmawGuawmh a0'emu©E¨m vdkYac:wJh cHpm;rIa0'em emrfcE¨mMuD;&JU cE¨m0efawGygyJ/
pdwfnpfp&m? pdwfysufp&m? &GHp&m? rkef;p&m tm½kHawGpdwfxJrSm pJGusefrae&pfatmif? pdwfcsrf;omp&m? pdwfaysmfp&m? cspfp&m? MudKufp&mtm½kHawG pdwfxJrSm pJGjrJaeatmif? udk,fhudkaumif;usKd;jyKr,fh todynm? twwfynm? tawG;tac:?w&m;"r®awG b,fawmhrS aysmufysufroGm;bJ tjrJrSwfrdaeatmif MudK;pm;tm;xkwfae&wmawGuawmh onmu©E¨mvdkYac:wJh rSwfom;rIonm emrfcE¨mMuD;&JU cE¨m0efawGygyJ/
udk,fh&JU tvdkqE´twdkif; jyD;pD;jynfhpHkatmif MuHpnf ajymqdk vkyfudkifae&wmawG? avmb a'gopwJh pdwftyl"mwfawG tavmifjrdKufrcH&atmif? o'¨g? yDwdpwJh pdwftat;"mwfawG vTrf;jcHKaeatmif jyKvkyf tm;xkwfae&wmawGuawmh ocFg&u©E¨mvdkYac:wJh aphaqmfzefwD;rIocFg& emrfcE¨mMuD;&JUcE¨m0efawGygyJ/
tqif; aumif;aumif;? toH aumif;aumif;? teHY aumif;aumif;? t&om aumif;aumif;? txdtawGU aumif;aumif;? tawG;tMuH aumif;aumif;qdkwJh £|m½kH tm½kHaumif;aumif;av;awGcsnf;yJ awGYMuHKod&Sd&atmif &Gufaqmif zefwD;ae&wmawGuawmh 0dnmPu©E¨mvdkYac:wJh odrI0dnmOf emrfcE¨mMuD;&JU cE¨m0efawGygyJ/
cE¨mig;yg;udk oabmwl&maygif;jyD; twdkcsKyfvdkuf&if ½kyfemrfESpfyg;yJ &ygw,f/ ½kyfemrfESpfyg; cE¨mig;yg;[m qif;&J'ku©tm;vHk;&JU w&m;cHvufonf yifra&aomufjrpf jzpfygw,f/
tdkjcif;qif;&J? emjcif;qif;&J? aojcif;qif;&J? cspfoluGJqif;&J? rkef;olwGJqif;&J? pdk;&drfylaqG;qif;&J? wrf;widka<u;qif;&J? tyg,fav;yg;qif;&JpwJh qif;&JawG? &m*aMumifh ylavmif&wJhqif;&J? a'goaMumifh aygufuJG&wJh qif;&J? rmeaMumifh vJjydK&wJhqif;&J? remvdk0efwdkrI £ómrpä&d,aMumifh tajcmufwdkufyifyef;EGrf;e,f&wJh qif;&J pwJh qif;&JawG? qif;&J'ku©awG tm;vHk;[m a[m'D ½kyfemrfcE¨mudk trSDjyKNyD;awmh? a[m'D ½kyfemrfcE¨meJYqufpyfjyD;awmh jzpf&wJh qif;&J'ku©awGcsnf;ygyJ/ 'ghaMumifh qif;&J'ku©tppf[m cE¨mygyJ? ½kyfemrfESpfyg; cE¨mig;yg;ygyJ/ (avmukwå&mcE¨m ryg0ifyg/)
qif;&Juvnf; ododomomqif;&J? rodromqif;&JeJY odp&mqif;&JqdkNyD;awmh oHk;rsKd;&Sdygw,f/ ododomomqif;&J qdkwmuawmh tdkjcif;? emjcif;pwJh vlwdkif;odwJh udk,fqif;&J? pdwfqif;&JrsKd;pHkygyJ/ qif;&JqdkrS wu,fhqif;&JjzpfvdkY ]'ku©'ku©}vdkY ac:ygw,f/ 'ku©r[kwfygbl;vdkY b,folrS? b,fvdkrS jiif;y,fvdkYr&wJhqif;&Jyg/
rodromqif;&Jqdkwmuawmh trsm;u aumif;w,f? csrf;omw,fvdkY owfrSwfxm;wJh udk,fcsrf;om? pdwfcsrf;om okca0'emygyJ/ okctjzpfeJYrwnfjrJbJ 'ku©tjzpf azmufjyefajymif;vJoGm;wwfwJh qif;&JjzpfvdkY ]0dy&dPmr'ku©} vdkYac:ygw,f/ csrf;omvdkY w'*FwpfcP xif&wJh qif;&Jyg/
odp&mqif;&Jqdkwmuawmh jzpfysufqif;&JygyJ/ ocFg&vdkYac:wJh ½kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;awG&JU yifudkobm0qif;&JjzpfvdkY ]ocFg&'ku©}vdkY ac:ygw,f/ acwåcPav;awmif wnfwHhcdkifjrJraewJh ½kyfemrfcE¨m&JU jzpfjyD; csufcsif;ysuf? jzpfjyD; csufcsif;ysufaewJh qif;&Jyg/ oHo&m0#f cE¨mnGwfrS uRwfvGwfvdkolwdkif; rodrjzpfodatmifvkyf&r,fh qif;&Jyg/
'ku©'ku©eJY 0dy&dPmr'ku©udkod½kHeJY cE¨mqif;&Ju rvGwfajrmufEdkifao;ygbl;/ ocFg&'ku©udk odrS cE¨mqif;&JuvGwfajrmufEkdifygw,f/ ocFg&'ku©udk odatmifvkyfwJhenf;uvnf; owdy|mef0dyóemw&m;uvGJvdkY wjcm;r&Sdygbl;/ 'Gg&ajcmufyg;rSm ay:vmwJh tm½kHajcmufyg;udk ay:wdkif;ay:wdkif;? ay:ckdufay:ckdufrSm ypöKyÜefusus ½IrSwfoGm;r,fqdk&if ½kyfemrfcE¨m&JU ocFg&'ku©udk odjrifEkdifygw,f/
jriforQ? Mum;orQ? eHorQ? pm;orQ? xdorQ? odorQ tm½HkawGudk jrifwdkif;? Mum;wdkif;? eHwdkif;? pm;wdkif;? xdwdkif;? odwdkif;? jrifcdkuf? Mum;cdkuf? eHcdkuf? pm;cdkuf? xdcdkuf? odcdkufrSm jrif-jrifw,f? Mum;-Mum;w,f? eH-eHw,f? pm;-pm;w,f? xd-xdw,f? od-odw,fvdkY owdy|mefenf;vrf;twdkif; 0dyóem ½IyGm;oGm;r,fqdk&if ½kyfemrfESpfyg;? cE¨mig;yg;udk ½IyGm;&ma&mufjyD; owd? orm"d? ÓPf tm;aumif;vmwmeJYtrQ ½kyfemrfuGJ? aMumif;usKd;od? jzpfysufjrif? vu©PmxifjyD; cE¨mqif;&JwdkY&JU csKyfNidrf;&m edAÁmef csrf;omudk rsufarSmufjyKEkdifygvdrfhr,f/
wpfavmuvHk;&JU tEIdif;rJhaus;Zl;&SifjzpfwJh jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu cE¨mqif;&J? cE¨m0efxrf;&jcif; qif;&J[m tEdIif;rJhqif;&Jjzpfw,fvdkY ]]ew¬d cE¨orm 'ku©m}} qdkwJh pum;awmfeJY a[mMum;nTefjyxm;wmrdkY vlom;wdkif;? vlom;wdkif; cE¨mqif;&JqdkwJh tEdIif;rJhqif;&Judk t<uif;rJh csKyfjidrf;atmif ½kyfodrf;EdkifMuygapvdkY qkrGefaumif;awmif;vdkufygw,f/ /