« 1 »
uRefawmf\ wwd,ajrmuf "r®&opmpkjzpfonfh ] jidrf;csrf;ompdwfjzifh
rjidrf;csrf;aom tm½kHrsm;udk jzwfausmfjcif;} pmtkyfwGif q&mawmf
t&SifqE´m"du (a&Tyg&rDawm&) u ]ywåjrm;ESpf
ykvJESpf} acgif;pOfjzifh trSmpm a&;om;ay;cJhzl;ygonf/
&ufpGJrSm 9-4-98/ xdktrSmpmudk uRefawmfjyefzwfMunfhaerdonf/ awm&aqmufwnfum
wpfyg;wnf;aewpfpdwfwnf;xm;EdkifzdkY tjrJwapMudK;pm;tm;xkwfaeaom bk&m;&Sif
\om;awmfwpfyg;u jrdKUrSm trsm;ESifh twlaevsuf umr*kPftm½kH&efolawGMum;xJuvGwfatmif
renf;MudK;pm;a&Smifwdrf;ae&aom vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;\pmtkyfü
trSmpm a&;om;ay;jcif; qdkonfrSm obm0vnf;usygonf/ oifhvnf;oifhjrwfvSygonf/
qDvnf;qDavsmfvSygonf/ wifhvnf;wifhw,fvSygonf/
,ckawmh ajymif;jyef/ q&mawmfu uRefawmfhtm; q&mawmf a[mMum;a&;om;onfh
]tEIdif;rJhcsrf;om} pmtkyfü trSmpm a&;om;ay;&ef wdkufwGef;awmif;qdkvmygonf/
trSef twdkif; 0efcH&vQifrl ,ck þtrSmpm a&;om;ay;&eftwGuf
uRefawmftcsdeftawmfMum vufwGefYaerdygao;onf/ odkYaomf ]]ywåjrm;&wkarG;aeY&Sif
jroef;pHwpfa,muf owd y|mefw&m;eJY olYb0udk wefzdk;&Sdonfxuf&Sdatmif
(tESpf&Sdonf xuf&Sdatmif) wnfaqmufaeovdk ykvJ&wkarG;aeY&Sif
pma&;ol vnf; owdy|mefw&m;eJYyJ rdrdb0udk wefzdk;jrifhonfxufjrifhatmif(tESpf&ifhonfxuf&ifhatmif)tm;xkwfoGm;&OD;rSmyg}}qdkaom
q&mawmfhtm;ay;pum; ta&;tom;rsm;aMumifh þ trSmpmac: ed'gef;pum;udk
uRefawmfa&;jzpfoGm;rdjcif;jzpfygonf/
«
2 »
trSmpma&;&mü tMurf;zsOf; tajccHtcsufESpfcsuf&Sdonf [k
uRefawmfxifygonf/ yxrwpfcsufrSm trSmpma&;om;ol rS pmtkyfa&;om;aomyk*¾dKvftm;
pmzwfy&dowfESifh rdwfqufay; jcif;jzpfygonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh pmaye,frS
0g&ifhyk*¾dKvfu trSmpma&;om;ay;NyD; pmtkyfa&;om;ol
rsufESmopfuavmif&Sifudk y&dowfESifh xdawGUay;jcif;jzpfygonf/
'kwd,wpfcsufrSm pmtkyfygtaMumif;t&mwdkYudk trSmpm a&;om;olu MudKwifzwf½Ixm;jyD;
pmzwfy&dowfrzwfrD tjrnf; oabmrsKd; nTefjyay;jcif;jzpfygonf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh vludknTef;ay;jcif;ESifh pmudknTef;ay;jcif; ESpfrsdK;jzifh
trSmpmudk a&;om;Mujcif;jzpfonf[k ajym&rnfxifyg onf/ ,ck þpmtkyftrSmpmurl
txufygtajccHtcsuf ESpfrsKd;pvHk;rS uif;vGwfrnf[k uRefawmf,HkMunfygonf/
tb,fhaMumifhenf; ..../
q&mawmft&SifqE´m"duonf uRefawmfu taxGtxl; &nfnTef;azmfjyrdwfqufajymqdkay;&ef
rvdkaom q&mawmfwpf yg;jzpfygonf/ q&mawmfonf a&Tyg&rDpmpOfjzifh
pmtkyfawG&Spftkyf xkwfa0cJhjyD;jzpfonf/ q&mawmfhpmtkyfawGonf ta&mif;
oGufvSonf/ "r®&opmcspfolwdkYu q&mawmfhpmtkyfawGudk wpfcJ
euf tm;ay;aeMuonf/ q&mawmf a[mMum;aomw&m;awGudk wav;wpm; wefzdk;xm;í
emMum;aeMuonf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh q&mawmhfudk wpfwdkif;wpfjynfvHk;uyif odaeMuNyDjzpfonf/
q&mawmfhpmtkyfrsm;? q&mawmhfa[mw&m;rsm;rSwpfqifh q&mawmfhtay:
y&dowftrsm;pku MunfndKaeMujyDjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh þtrSmpmonf
trSmpma&;om;jcif; tajccH yxrtcsufESifh uif;vGwfaeonf[kuRefawmfqdkcsifygonf/
'kwd,tcsuftaejzifh þpmtkyfwGifyg0ifaom tEIdif;rJh w&m;pkrsm;jzpfygonf/
þw&m;rsm;onfvnf; uRefawmfwm0ef ,laqmif&Gufaeonfh ]tyÜrm'
"r®&or*¾Zif;} trSwf (1) rSpí a[mpOfw&m;rsm;tjzpf
vpOfygcJhjyD;jzpfí pmzwfy&dowf trsm;pk zwf½IcJhMujyD;jzpfygonf/
þonfhtwGufvnf; ]b,ftEIdif;rJh w&m;uawmhb,fvdk aumif;wmayghcifAsm}
[k uRefawmf pum;OD;oef;p&mrvdkawmh[k xifygonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; ,ckþtrSmpmonf
pmudknTef;íajym&efvnf; taMumif;r&Sdojzifh trSmpm a&;om;jcif;
tajccH 'kwd,tcsufESifhvnf; uif;vGwfonf[k qdkEdkifygonf/
þodkYqdkvQif uRefawmfonf rnfonfhtcsuftay: tajccHí ed'gef;trSmpmudk
a&;rnfenf; .... / uRefawmfhwGif a&;om;p&m &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg;
taMumif;wpfcsuf &Sdaeygao; onf/ xdktcsuf udk wifjy&rnfqdkvQif..../
«
3 »
bk&m;&Sifa[mMum;cJhonfh w&m;awmfrsm;udk wpfqifhjyefvnfa[mMum;onfjzpfap?
a&;om;onfjzpfap? a[mMum;a&; om;olwdkY\ p½kduf? ÓOf?
0goem? yg&rDaemufcHwdkYtay: rlwnfí a[myHk? ajymyHk? a&;om;yHkwdkYudk
trsKd;rsKd;tzHkzHk awGU&wwfygonf/
a[myHk? ajymykH? a&;om;yHk rwlnDMuaomfvnf; OD;wnf &myef;wdkifu
wlnDMupjrJjzpfygonf/ ,if;rSm jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif nTefjyawmfrlcJhonfh
b0oHo&mrS uif;vGwf&m .... edAÁmef/
odkYaomf taMumif;uHwdkY vkyfcJh? jyKcJh? qkawmif;cJhyHkawG rwlcJhMuí
tusKd;ay;yHkwdkYonfvnf; rwlnDMu/ tcsKdUa[myHk ? ajymyHk? a&;om;yHkudk
y&dowfu pGJruf ESpfoufMuonf/ tcsKdUa[myHk? ajymyHk rnfrQaumif;aumif;
w&m;tESpf rnfrQygyg y&dowfu pdwf0ifwpm;r&SdvS/
þwGif rdrda[majym a&;om;csufawG y&dowfpGJrufESpfoufcH&olwdkYü
] ig } [laom ouúm,'d|dESifh ]ighw&m;}[laom Oyg'gefav;rsm;onf
tEko,udavom0ifaygufrS wpfqifh]] ig omoemjyKaewmyJ}}[laom rsufESmzHk;av;pGyfvsuf
yHkzsufum 0ifvmwwfygonf/
xdkYodkkY 0ifvmjcif;tay: owdrxm;rdygu ]] ighw&m;? ighpmtkyf? igb,fESpftkyfawmif
a&;cJhjyD;wm? b,fpmtkyfrSmawmh b,fvdk a&;cJhwm? b,fpmtkyfus&ifawmh
b,fvdka&; vdkufOD;rS? b,fae&mus&ifawmh b,fvdk ajymvdkufOD;rS?
tzHk;av;udkawmh b,fvdk vkyfvdkufOD;rS? twGif;ykHav;awG b,fvdk vkyfvdkufOD;rS?
'gqdk&if y&dowfu b,fvkd oabmusMu OD;rSm? 'gqdk&if ighudkMudKufwJh
y&dowfawG aemufxyf b,favmufxyfwdk;OD;rSm}} ponfjzifh ]ighw&m;}
[k owfrSwfvdkufrdaom 'd|daMumifh udavomESifh,SOfaom aemufqufwJG tawG;
awGonf woDwwef;MuD; 0ifcsvmayrnf/ þonfrSm uRefawmfukd,fwdkif pma&;oljzpfae
ojzifh uRefawmfhpdwfudk uRefawmf jyefMunfh&mrS jrif&aom tawG;
prsm;jzpfygonf/
a&aMumifh jzpfvmaom &THUudk a&jzifhyif jyefvnfaq; aMum&ygonf/
xdkYtwl pdwfaMumihfjzpfvmaom tnpftaMu;ukd pdwfjzifhyif jyefvnf½IrSwfaq;aMumypf&ygonf/
vGwfvyfí rQ waom]w&m;} tay: igpGJESifh udk,fydkifvkyfcsifjcif;onf
odrfarGUvS aom qGJaqmifrIwpfckygvm;[k uRefawmf½IjrifoHk;oyfvmrdyg
onf/ xdkYaMumifh xdkxdkay:vmorQ pdwfawGudk ½IrSwfpdwfjzifh jyefvnftpm;xdk;&ygonf/
odkYr[kwfygu qGJaqmifnd§KUiifvm aom tm½kHawGtay:ü epfjrKyfaysmf0ifoGm;&if;rS
owdvufvGwf arharsmoGm;ayawmhrnf/
w&m;"r®udk tpOfwpdkuf pGJpGJjrJjrJ &SmazGaeolwdkYwGif
tjcm;aom tMurf;pm;udavomawGu 0ifa&muf&ef cufcJaomfvnf; ]"r®wPSm}
url ,Of,Ofuav;ESifh arTUEdkifpGrf;tm; BuD;vSygonf/ xdk"r®wPSmaMumifhyifvQif
"r®c&D;oGm;aygif;rsm;pGmonf "r®c&D;vrf;ay:ü
vrf;avQmuf&if;rS vrf;aysmufcJh&olawG renf;cJhNyDwnf;/
onfjzpfpOfjzpf&yfrsm;ay:ü uRefawmfonf] "r®oHa0*} rsm;pGm
jzpfrdygonf/ uRefawmfudk,fwkdifonfvnf; ]"r®wPSm} uyfNidaeqJjzpfolrdkY
tjcm;olrsm;udk udk,fESifhxyfí udk,fcsif;pmrd ygonf/ "r®c&D;oGm;wdkif;
c&D;vrf;ray:wGif rvGJraoG awGU&p jrJjzpfonfh rm&fewf\ wyfrMuD;rsm;onf
uRefawmfwdkYudk tjrJ apmifhMudKwdkufckdufwwfonfudk MuD;pGm owdjyK&rnfjzpfygonf/
«
4 »
(1) rm&fewf\yxrwyfr = 0w¬KumrESifh udavom umrrsm;/
(2) rm&fewf\'kwd,wyfr = ½kef;xGufjcif;vkyfief;ü rarGUavsmfjcif;
]t&wd}/ (rdrdtusKd;&SdrS vkyfcsif? trsm;tusKd;vkyfief;ü rarGUavsmf/)
(3) rm&fewf\wwd,wyfr = rdrdü qif;&JiwfrGwfjcif; ]ckyÜdygom}
/ (awGU&jrJjzpf\/ xdk'Pfudk rcHEdkifojzifh trsm;tusKd;a,mifjy rdrdtusKd;OD;wnf?
ylaZmfcH&vdk? ae&m&vdk? xifay:ausmfMum;vdkonfhbuf vSnfhoGm;vQif
wwd,wyfrü usqHk;jcif;jzpf\/)
(4) rm&fewf\pwkw¬wyfr = yifyef;jcif;'Pfudk rcHEdkifvQif ysif;&djcif;]wE´D}
jzpf\/ (oufompGmaevdkjcif;qE´t& xdkvkyfief;rS a&SmifuGif;awmh\/pwkw¬wyfrüusqHk;jcif;jzpf\/)
(5) rm&fewf\yOörwyfr = yifyef;vGef;aomtcg rdrdü idkufrsOf;jcif;
]xderd'¨} jzpfjcif;onf yOörwyfrESifh awGUí usqHk;jcif;jzpf\/
(6) rm&fewf\q|rwyfr = yifyef;? tdyfa&;r0? usef;rma&;ysufvQif
aMumuf&GUHjcif; ]bD½l} jzpfu q|rwyfrESifhawGUí usqHk;jcif;jzpf\/
(tusKd;rJh ao&aygif;rsm;NyD? tusKd;&Sd&Sd aornf[k pdwfudk
xm;&m\/)
(7) rm&fewf\owårwyfr = arQmfrSef;xm;onfhtwkdif;jzpfrvmao;aomtcg
,HkrSm;rI ]0dpdudpäm}onf owårwyfrESifh awGUjcif;jzpf\/ (aMumif;usKd;nDnGwf?
oDv? orm"d jynfhpHk vmaomtcg ynmtvif;a&mif vmrnfjzpf\/)
(8) rm&fewf\t|rwyfr = atmifjrif&dyfawGUonfESifhwpfjydKifeuf a&SUoGm;yk*¾dKvf\
aus;Zl;w&m;udk acszsufrI]ru©}ESifh rdrdudk,fudk wpfpifaxmifvdkrI
]wrÇ} wdkYjzpfvmwwf\/ t|rwyfrü usqHk;jcif;jzpfawmh\/
(9) rm&fewf\e0rwyfr = wG,fwmjcif; ]wPSm} ESifh txifMuD;jcif; ]rme}
jzpfay:vmvQif e0rwyfrü usqHk;jcif;rnfawmh\/ (OD;wdkufolrsm;? ajr§mufolrsm;
0kdif;0dkif;vnfvm aomtcg tEÅ&m,frsm;[lí owdjyK&m\/)
(10) rm&fewf\'orwyfr = rdrdudk,fudk csD;ajr§mufajymqdkjcif; ]twåKuúHoe}ESifh
olwpfyg;udk ESdrfhcsajymqdkjcif;]y&0rÇe}wdkYum; rm&fewf\
'orajrmufwyfrü usqHk;jcif;jzpf\/ (avmuudk ]uwnKw} rsufvHk;jzifh MunfhrS
toHk;rusol avmuü r&SdaMumif; awGUrnfjzpf\/)
omoema&;0efMuD;Xme tMuHay;yk*¾dKvf q&mOD;rif;Munf ("r®mp&d,?
bDat)u t&n0goD t&Sifwdó&ax&f\"r®oH ,kwå*gxm
(ac:)w&m;ESifh,SOfaeapcsifpmtkyf trSmpmü rm&fewf\wyfrrsm;taMumif;
txufygtwdkif; o½kyfcJGjyxm;onfudk uRefawmfzwf½IcJh&ygonf/
xkdtcg uRefawmfonf rm&fewf\wyfrrsm; y&d,m,f <u,f0ykHukd txif;om;jrifawGUcGifh&cJhygonf/
þonfESifhtwl "r®oH,kwå*gxmtykd'f (21) ESifh (22)
wdkYwGif q&mawmf t&Sifwdó &ax&fa&;om;cJhonfh
*gxmrsm;udk zwf½I&if; txyfxyf qifjcif ÓPf qyGm;rdygonf/
,xme'ð wd0dw¬m&H? a,m wdaPÖmyd wdck'´au/
oa&a0yd edrkaZÆ,s? ewkawm aom wdedE´dawm/ (yxsm)
{0ar0 r[mumar? yZ[aEÅmyd a,m ,wd/
ya&[d 'dEéba@ok? va*¾,s aom wdedE´dawm/ (yxsm)
(jrefrmjyef)
jrpfBuD;udk ul;Edkifygvsuf a&tkdifi,fü repfjrKyfapvdk tMuifa,musfm;
a&ul;orm;onf tvGefus,faom ({&m0wDjrpfvkd) jrpfMuD;udk ul;Ekdifygvsuf
tvGefi,faom a&tdkifü rul;EdkifbJ epfjrKyfjim;tHh/ xdka,musfm;udk
rcsD;rGrf;½Hkru uJh&JUtyf \/ uJh&JUtyfouJhodkY ....
þenf;twlyif tMuif&[ef;onf rmwk*grtm½kHarxkefumr*kPfMuD;wdkYudk
y,fpGefYEdkifygvsuf olwpfyg;wdkY vSlª'gef;ay;urf;tyfaom umr*kPfti,fpm;
ypönf;b@mrsm;ü jiduyfwG,fwmwyfrufjim;tHh? xdk&[ef;udk tvGefuJh&JUtyfay\/
«
5 »
,cktcsdefwGifawmh rm&fewf\wyfrrsm;ESifh uRefawmf ]eifvm; igvm;} &ifqkdifwdkufcdkuf&jcif;
r&Sdao;yg/ uRefawmfhbufrSvnf; rm&fewf\wyfrrsm;ESifh &ifqdkifwdkufcdkufEdkif
avmufatmif o'¨g? 0D&d,? owd? orm"d? ynmwnf;[laom Adkvfig;yg;wdkY
tm;aumif;awmifhwif;jcif;r&Sdao;yg/
tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf uRefawmfonf q&mawmft&SifqE´m"du
uRefawmhftwGuf a&;om;cJhovdk ]tESpf&Sdonfxuf&Sdatmif}vkyfae&ao;aomaMumifh
jzpfygonf/ odkYaomf wpfcsdefcsdefwGifawmh uRefawmfonf rm&fewf\ wyfrrsm;ESifh
]eifvm;igvm;} &ifqkdifawGU&OD;rnfjzpfygonf/
uRefawmfhxuf aqmvsifpGm rm&fewf\wyfrrsm;ESifh &ifqdkifwdkufcdkufaejyDjzpfaom
q&mawmft&SifqE´m"duudk uRef awmf ta0;rSvSrf;í
tm;usMunfndKaerdygonf/
rm&fewf\wyfrrsm;udk onfb0twGif;ü q&mawmf tjyD;wdkif tEdkif,lEkdifygap/
þodkYtEdkif,ljcif;jzihf q&mawmfhudk,fq&mawmf ]tESpf&ifhonfxuf&ifhatmif}
pGrf;aqmifEdkif ygap/
q&mawmfha[mpOfw&m;uJhodkY ]tEIdif;rJhcsrf;om}udk (pum;vHk;rygbJ)
q&mawmfudk,fwkdif tjynfht0cHpm;cGifh &&SdEkdifygap[k uRefawmfqkawmif;aerdygonf/
þqkawmif;jzpfay:vmjcif;onfyifvQif ]tEIdif;rJhcsrf;om} pmtkyftwGuf
uRefawmfa&;csifaom trSmpmed'gef;jzpfygawmhonf/ |